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  • A Look Back On Human History: Chan, Garcia, Jimenez, Rimando, Trinidad, Vito

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    Misty Vito
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    The document provides information on two early human ancestors: Sahelanthropus tchadensis from 6-7 million years ago in West-Central Africa, and Orrorin tugenensis from 6.2-5.8 million years ago in Kenya. Both species exhibited traits of bipedalism but retained some ape-like features as well. They lived in woodland or forest environments and likely had diets consisting of fruits, vegetables, and perhaps some meat or insects. Due to lack of skeletal remains, their exact body sizes and sexual dimorphism are unknown, though they were probably chimpanzee-sized. They made simple tools similar to modern chimpanzees.

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    Anthro 10

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    Hominin Report

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    The document provides information on two early human ancestors: Sahelanthropus tchadensis from 6-7 million years ago in West-Central Africa, and Orrorin tugenensis from 6.2-5.8 million years ago in Kenya. Both species exhibited traits of bipedalism but retained some ape-like features as well. They lived in woodland or forest environments and likely had diets consisting of fruits, vegetables, and perhaps some meat or insects. Due to lack of skeletal remains, their exact body sizes and sexual dimorphism are unknown, though they were probably chimpanzee-sized. They made simple tools similar to modern chimpanzees.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    22 views16 pages

    A Look Back On Human History: Chan, Garcia, Jimenez, Rimando, Trinidad, Vito

    Uploaded by

    Misty Vito
    The document provides information on two early human ancestors: Sahelanthropus tchadensis from 6-7 million years ago in West-Central Africa, and Orrorin tugenensis from 6.2-5.8 million years ago in Kenya. Both species exhibited traits of bipedalism but retained some ape-like features as well. They lived in woodland or forest environments and likely had diets consisting of fruits, vegetables, and perhaps some meat or insects. Due to lack of skeletal remains, their exact body sizes and sexual dimorphism are unknown, though they were probably chimpanzee-sized. They made simple tools similar to modern chimpanzees.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 16

    A Look Back On

    Human History

    Chan, Garcia, Jimenez,


    Rimando, Trinidad, Vito
    Sahelanthropus tchadensis
    6-7 million years ago
    West-Central Africa (Chad) in 2001
    9 Cranial fossils
    Sahelanthropus tchadensis
    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NAME
    Sahel the region in Africa where the fossils were found
    anthropus the Greek word for man
    tchadensis Chad, the country where all the specimens were recovered
    Sahelanthropus tchadensis = the Sahel man from Chad
    Sahelanthropus tchadensis

    Last common ancestors of humans and chimpanzees


    Sahelanthropus tchadensis
    BIPEDALISM
    Foramen magnum is more forward

    Apes descended from tree habitat adapting to


    changes in their environment (grasslands)

    Allowed them sight above the tall grass

    - protection/warning against predators

    - in search for food sources


    Sahelanthropus tchadensis
    COMBINATION OF APE-LIKE AND HUMAN-LIKE FEATURES
    Ape-like:
    - Small brain - about 320-380 cc (similar to that of a chimpanzee)
    - Sloping face
    - Very prominent brow ridges
    - Elongated skull
    - Widely shaped eye sockets
    - Rear of the skull
    Sahelanthropus tchadensis
    COMBINATION OF APE-LIKE AND HUMAN-LIKE FEATURES
    Human-like:
    - Small canine and incisor teeth
    - Short middle part of the face
    - Spinal cord opening underneath the skull
    Sahelanthropus tchadensis
    DIET AND ENVIRONMENT
    Teeth are heavily worn so there have not yet been studies of its tooth wear
    or tooth isotopes to indicate diet
    It can be assumed that they were mainly a plant eater
    Most likely consumed fruits, nuts, insects, leaves and such
    Their fossils were found in an ancient environment which consisted of a
    lake, forest, river and wooded savanna
    In the same area they were found, thousands of vertebrate fossils such as elephants,
    giraffes, crocodiles, monkeys, fish, and more were also found
    Sahelanthropus tchadensis
    BODY STRUCTURE AND
    DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE &
    FEMALE
    Lack of skeletal remains makes it
    difficult to estimate
    Probably similar in size to modern
    chimpanzees
    Sahelanthropus tchadensis
    LIFESTYLE
    Simple tools similar to those used by chimpanzees - unmodified stones or
    sticks and other plant materials easily shaped
    Orrorin tugenensis
    Millennium Man / Original man in the Tugen
    region
    6.2-5.8 million years ago
    Tugen Hills, Central Kenya in 2001
    Fossil evidence of upper femur shows bipedalism -
    still climbed trees
    Orrorin tugenensis
    BODY SIZE AND SHAPE

    More ape-like features than human-like ones


    Approximately the size of a female
    chimpanzee
    Between 30-50kg or 66-110lbs
    Estimated to be 1.5x bigger than
    Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy)
    Thigh bone (femur) and upper arm bone
    (humerus) are about 1.5x bigger than Lucys
    Orrorin tugenensis
    DIET

    Small teeth, thick enamel, and canines


    are larger than humans
    Large, flat molars suggest a diet of fruit
    and vegetables - opportunistic meat
    eater
    Orrorin tugenensis
    ENVIRONMENT

    Open woodland with dense tree forests


    Dry evergreen forest environment
    Orrorin tugenensis
    LIFESTYLE

    No evidence for any cultural attributes


    Used simple tools such as twigs, sticks, and stones (like modern
    chimpanzees)
    References
    https://australianmuseum.net.au/sahelanthropus-tchadensis

    http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/sahelanthropus-tchadensis

    http://eol.org/pages/8824351/details

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoNB3QjJNTs&feature=share

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