The vocabulary of a pidgin comes mainly from one particular language called the

lexifier. An early pre-pidgin is quite restricted in use and variable in

structure. But the later stable pidgin develops its own grammatical rules which
are quite different from those of the lexifier. These names of pidgins themselves
reflect how the vocabulary emerges: chinglish Chinese English or engrish English
Chinese and. Singlish. However it becomes more complex with the passage of time.
Since pidgin emerges out of practical need of communication between two different
language communities having no greater language to interact, it is also called
contact language. R. A. Hudson in his Sociolinguistics states:
Pidgin is a variety especially created for the purpose of communication with some
other group, and not used by any community for communication among themselves.
So pidgin is out come of interaction between two entirely different speech
communities. It develops because neither of the communities learns the language
of others due to different reasons.
Sometimes practically it is impossible to learn either of the languages so quickly
and there is strong need of interaction, as for business purposes or immediate
political needs.
Most of the present pidgins have developed in European colonies. A few examples
are: Hawaii Creole English, AAVE, Papiamentu Geordie Cameroon Pidgin Krio
Singlish Tok Pisin, Bislama. Out of these, many have developed as Creoles.
Major difference between pidgin and Creole is that former has no native speakers
but later has. In fact, when any pidgin is acquired by children of any community it
becomes Creole. At that time it develops its new structures and vocabulary. In
other words when a pidgin becomes lingua franca it is called Creole.
An old example of pidgin, that later developed into creol, was lingua franca. It
referred to a mix of mostly Italian with a broad vocabulary drawn from Turkish,
Persian, French, Greek and Arabic. This mixed language was used for communication
throughout the medieval and early modern Middle East as a diplomatic language. Term
lingua franca has since become common for any language used by speakers of
different languages to communicate with one another.
Lingua Franca:
Lingua franca is any inter-language used beyond its native speakers for that sake
of communication between the speech communities having different languages. David
Crystal defines it as:
An auxiliary language used to enable routine communication to take place
between groups of people who speak different native languages.
Term lingua franca is an old one and its origin is Italian means Frankish
language. It was derived from the medieval Arab Muslim use of Franks mean
ancient Germanic people. The Muslims used it as a generic term for Europeans during
the period of the Crusades. Formerly, the term refered to an old pidgin, mixture of
Italian, Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Greek and French. This pidgin was widely used in
the Mediterranean area from the 14th century or earlier and still in use in the
20th century. This language served as diplomatic and trade language. However, now
this term refers to any language that serves to communicate between different
larger speech communities.
There are many languages which have served as Lingua Franca during the course of
history. For instance, during the domination of Roman Empire, lingua franca was
Latin in the East and Greek in the west. With the rise of the Arab Muslims, Arabic
became lingua franca in the East from South Asia to North Africa and even western
part of southern Europe. Persian also have enjoyed this status around 15th century
till 19th century in Indian-subcontinent and Centeral Asia. Until the late-19th and
early-20th centuries, Classical Chinese served as both a lingua franca and
diplomatic language for Far East Asia, used by China, Korea, Japan, the Ryukyus,
and Vietnam in interstate communications. In Europe, From 18th century till World
War II, French worked as interlingua among European nations. And now English has
occupied this place and is serving as diplomatic and commerce language around the
globe.
Esperanto:
The idea of a universal language is at least as old as the Biblical story of Babel
and its fall. In the 18th century, some rationalist natural philosophers sought to
recover the Edenic language that was confused in the city of Babel. Gottfried
Leibniz, 18th century German rationalist philosopher, marked many elements relating
to the possibility of universal language in his work. Later on, many scholars and
philosophers worked on this idea. Some stressed on finding the most ancient
language assuming that it would be closer to the Edenic whereas some other stressed
on planning a universal language considering the most common structures of
human languages. The major practical out come was the development of Esperanto.
Esperanto is a planned language intended for