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BG03 Compressive Tensile Rock Failures B PDF
BG03 Compressive Tensile Rock Failures B PDF
Lecture
ROCK FAILURE
1
Outline
Assignment in class
2
Objectives
3
The Mohr Circle &
Compressive Strength
The Mohr Circle and Compressive Strength
Tensile Strength
Assignment in class
4
Types of Rock Mechanics Tests
5
Shear Failure of Sandstone
a = 1
High quality
cylinder
L = 2D
6
Flat ends r = 3
High angle shear
plane
Zone of dilation and
crushing a
M Dusseault
Scale Effects on Sample Strength
Field scale: grains to kilometers. Lab scale: grains to 100 mm diameter specimen.
a = 1 slip
Field max planes planes
stresses
Z
r = 3 r
7
cores
Triaxial
Test
a Stresses
9
3: Minimum effective stress [MPa]
Mohr Circles in Two Dimensions
11
3
12
S0: Cohesion [MPa] 1: Maximum effective stress [MPa]
C0: Uniaxial compressive strength [MPa] 3: Minimum effective stress [MPa]
C0 UCS : Shear stress [MPa]
mi: Internal friction coefficient [ ] n: Effective normal stress [MPa]
Rock Strength Measurements
13
Practical Calculation of C0 and mi
m i2 1 m i
m
m i2 1 m i
14
m 1
mi
2 m
C0: Uniaxial compressive strength [MPa]
mi: Internal friction coefficient [ ]
m: m coefficient [ ]
Example: Samples A-E
A B C D E
Core depth (m) x097 x097 x097 x097 x097
Log depth (m) x100.2 x100.2 x100.2 x100.2 x100.2
Diameter (cm) 2.605 2.603 2.604 2.606 2.604
Length (cm) 5.178 5.110 5.302 5.097 5.061
L/D 1.99 1.96 2.04 1.96 1.94
Sample Density 2.28 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.3
(g/cc)
Confining Pressure 2 5.5 9.6 14.48 2.01
(MPa)
Max. Axial Stress 50.3 72.6 109.6 143.5 76.7
(MPa)
100
60
40
20
0
-0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015
Radial strain (-) Axial
Sample C
Core Depth (m MD) x097
Confining Pressure (MPa) 9.6
Maximum Axial Stress (MPa) 109.6
Sample C : Youngs Modulus and Poissons Ratio
Young's Modulus
72
Axial Stress (MPa)
70
y = 14.148x - 0.036
68 2
R = 0.9997
66
64
62
60
Sample C
58 Core Depth (m MD) x097
4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5
Axial Strain (mstr) Youngs Modulus (GPa) 14.1
Poisson's ratio Poissons ratio 0.26
0.8
Radial Strain (mstr)
0.7
0.6
0.5 y = 0.2573x - 0.5963
2
0.4 R = 0.969
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5
Axial Strain (mstr)
Samples A B C D E at x097mMD
Samples (C D E)
Strain curves for samples A & B Core Depth (m MD) x097
display initial failure before UCS (MPa) 59.9
catastrophic failure and were not
used to determine UCS and other Friction Angle () 44.19
elastic parameters stated in table. Friction Coefficient 0.97
Cohesion (MPa) 12.7
Samples E C D : Elastic & Strength Parameters
E C D
Core depth (m) x097 x097 x097
Log depth (m) x100.2 x100.2 x100.2
Diameter (cm) 2.604 2.604 2.606
Length (cm) 5.061 5.302 5.097
L/D 1.94 2.04 1.96
Sample Density (g/cc) 2.3 2.29 2.29
Confining Pressure (MPa) 2.01 9.6 14.48
Max. Axial Stress (MPa) 76.7 109.6 143.5
UCS (MPa) 59.9
Friction Angle (deg) 44.19
Cohesion (MPa) 12.7
Youngs Modulus (GPa) 11.7 14.1 16.2
Poisson ratio 0.28 0.26 0.39
Comments Retest of A
Tensile Strength
20
Compressive and Tensile Strength Compared
21
Tensile strength of rock is
much smaller than
compressive strength;
~10% or less of the
compressive strength of
the same rock.
Tension Test
Special
stress/strain path
test (4 point) Bendding Test Brazilian Indirect Tension Test
To = 2Pmax/ptD
Tensile Strength
Tensile strength (To) is
Capacity of a material to support tensile stress extremely difficult to
measure due to its
direction-, flaw-,
T sample size-,
Direct Tension Test dependency
An indirect method, the
To = Tmax Brazilian tension test, is
T commonly used.
Tensile strength from
Bending Test lab specimen can be
very different from rock
mass strength.
For a large reservoir, To
P
Brazilian Indirect may be assumed to be
Tension Test zero because of joints,
bedding planes, etc.
To = 2Pmax/ptD
T
Mohr Failure Envelope a
r r
T a
Direct Tension Test Triaxial Extension Test
To = Tmax r > a
To = 2Pmax/ptD
D
C
An empirical criterion of failure defined by the envelope of a series of Mohrs
circles: A, direct tension; B, Brazilian; C, unconfined compression; D, triaxial
compression.
Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion
Mark D. Zoback
Professor of Geophysics