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Abstract
The power cell series multi-level high-voltage frequency converter is one of present electric power
electron area research hot spots. This paper selected the power unit tandem type structure to realize
the high-pressured frequency conversion, one of its biggest superiority was the input end uses the
phase-shifting transformer to realize inputs the multi-densification, thus served the input output
overtone small purpose. This paper also studies phase-shifting transformer's phase shifting principle
emphatically, and designs 36 pulse wave phase-shifting transformer's related parameter, will provide
the theory and the computation basis for the present phase-shifting transformer's design. Therefore,
this paper provided the important reference and the instruction for next high pressure frequency
changer's engineering design.
1. Introduction
AC variable frequency speed regulation technology is a main means of power saving and technical
process improvement so as to improve the quality of products nowadays. Variable frequency speed
regulation is generally recognized as the most promising speed regulation way due to its numerous
advantages such as good speed regulation and startup performances, high efficiency, high power factor
and power saving effect and wide scope of application.
Manjrekar et al.[1] investigate a hybrid multilevel power conversion system typically suitable for
high-performance high-power applications. In addition, performance of a multilevel current-regulated
delta modulator as applied to the single-phase full-bridge IGBT rectifier is discussed. A new topology
for a hybrid multilevel inverter is presented,[2] which significantly increases the level number of the
output waveform and thereby dramatically reduces the low-order harmonics and total harmonic
distortion. Rodriguez et al.[3]present a switching strategy for multilevel cascade inverters, based on the
space-vector theory. This new control method is an attractive alternative to the classic multilevel
pulsewidth modulation techniques. An improved carrier-based SVPWM scheme, which is fully
suitable for cascaded multilevel inverter topologies are introduced.[4] Zhong and Tolbert[5] present a
programmed PWM method to eliminate specific higher order harmonics of multilevel converters. Zhou
and Wang[7] analyze the relationship between space-vector modulation and three-phase carrier-based
pulse width modulation(PWM). Furthermore, the implementations of both space-vector modulation
and carrier-based PWM in a closed-loop feedback converter are discussed. Variable frequency speed
regulation technology has been widely used in low-voltage AC motor transmission field. Due to
various reasons, inverter hasn't been widely used in high-voltage motor. Using high-voltage inverter,
high-voltage motor can realize stepless speed regulation and meet the requirement of production
process for speed control of motor. The application of high-voltage inverter has important meanings for
improving the output and quality of products, saving energy drastically and reducing the production
cost.
As a resource-saving product, high-voltage inverter has integrated power technology, transmission
technology, mechatronics technology and communication internet technology. In particular, by
adopting multiplicity technology, high-voltage inverter has realized significant decrease of input and
output harmonic contents. It will certainly meet the requirement of human beings for product and
environmental protection in the 21st century. With the constant development of power electronic
technologies, constant improvement of products, deepening of the concept and expansion of the market,
it will show a great technical development prospect and market demand.
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Research on Application of 36-Pulse Phase-Shifting Transformer to High-Voltage Frequency Converter
Jianchao Zhang, Wei Xu, Jun Wang
Fig.2 shows the winding connection diagram and phasor diagram of extended phase-shifting
transformer respectively. The winding on its primary side is star connection, with the number of turns
of each winding as N1; each winding on the secondary side is composed of two coils, with the number
of turns respectively as N2 and N3. According to the analysis of phasor diagram, the phase-shifting
angle of extended phase-shifting transformer has the following relation:
V ab V AB (1)
Where, VAB and Vab respectively refer to phasors of line voltages V AB and Vab on the primary
V CZ V cz
N1 X x N2 N3 V ax
A a
vP vQ V AX VP 120 V Q V ab
B Y y b 120
30
V AB V AB
30
C Z z c V BY V by
30 30
The side voltage on the primary side V AB is used as the reference voltage and the phase-shifting
angle by which V ab is ahead of V AB is positive. To calculate the turns ratio of the transformer,
the following can be obtained from the triangle composed of V Q, V by and V ab and in the phasor
diagram:
VQ Vby (2)
sin 30 sin 30
Where, 0 30; VQ is the effective voltage value of N3 coil; Vby is the effective voltage value
between b and y. For a three-phase symmetrical system, voltages Vby and Vax have the same value.
Equation (2) can be rewritten as:
VQ sin 30
Vax sin 30
(3)
The winding factor k on the secondary side can be obtained from the equation above:
1240
Research on Application of 36-Pulse Phase-Shifting Transformer to High-Voltage Frequency Converter
Jianchao Zhang, Wei Xu, Jun Wang
VQ sin 30
N3
k
N 2 N 3 Vax sin 30
(4)
Vab V by (5)
sin 120
sin(30 )
2
That is Vax Vby sin(30 )Vab , The turns ratio of transformer is
3
N1 V (6)
n AX
N2 N3 V ax
The following can be obtained by substituting equation (6) with equation Vax ,
N1 1 V AB
n
N 2 N 3 2 sin(30 ) Vab (7)
Where, V AB 3V AX
Both extremes can be verified. Assuming that N2=0, the winding on the secondary side in Fig.2
turns into star connection. Thus voltages on the secondary side and primary side have the same phase,
i.e. =0; if N3=0, the winding on the secondary side turns into triangular connection. At this time,
=30. Therefore, the phase-shifting angle of extended phase-shifting transformer is within
0~30.
Fig.3 shows the winding connection diagram and phasor diagram of non-extended phase-shifting
transformer respectively, where the winding on the primary side is star connection and the winding
connection order of triangle on the secondary side is opposite to that of extended phase-shifting
transformer. It can thus be seen that V ab lags behind V AB and is therefore negative.
Similar to the analysis of extended phase-shifting transformer, the winding factor k and turns ratio n
on the secondary side can be obtained as follows.
N3 sin( 30 )
k
N 2 N 3 sin( 30 )
(8)
N1 1 V AB
n
N 2 N 3 2 sin(30 ) Vab
(9)
Where, 0 30 .
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Research on Application of 36-Pulse Phase-Shifting Transformer to High-Voltage Frequency Converter
Jianchao Zhang, Wei Xu, Jun Wang
V cz
V CZ
N1 X x N2 N3
A a
vP vQ V AX V AB
120
B Y y b
V AB VP
V ax
V by
30 120 30
V ab
C Z z c V BY 30 VQ
It is known from design requirements that the network voltage is 6KV 10%, the frequency is
50HZ and the output power of inverter is 370KW. Then, the computational formula of transformer
capacity is:
S TN PCN / cos CN (10)
Where: STN refers to the transformer capacity and PCN refers to the output power of transformer.
cos CN refers to the input power factor of inverter and refers to the efficiency of inverter.
Where, the power factor of inverter is between 0.8 and 0.85 with input AC reactor. Therefore,
cos CN =0.85, =0.9 and PCN =370KW. Then,
What's move, the reference value of transformer capacity recommended by the inverter
manufacturer is often 130% of the inverter capacity based on experience. That is, the capacity of
phase-shifting transformer is 630KVA.
The computational formula of phase-shifting angle of two adjacent windings is:
60 / N (11)
Where, is the phase-shifting angle of two adjacent windings; N is the number of power
units in series
1242
Research on Application of 36-Pulse Phase-Shifting Transformer to High-Voltage Frequency Converter
Jianchao Zhang, Wei Xu, Jun Wang
This design adopts the program of 6 power units in series. Therefore, the phase-shifting angle of two
adjacent windings in phase-shifting transformer is:
60 / N 60 / 6 10 (12)
The relational expression of winding factor and turns ratio of 36-pulse phase-shifting transformer is
obtained from the analysis of equations (6), (7), (8) and (9). According to the design requirements, the
primary side of transformer is Y connection; the input line voltage is 6000V; 18 windings on the
secondary side is divided into 6 major groups and the phase difference of each group is 10. Table 2
shows relevant parameters.
1. Calculation of the number of turns on the primary side
The rated capacity of phase-shifting transformer P=630KVA; input rated voltage U1 =6000V;
voltage of each turn of phase-shifting transformer e t =10V. Therefore, the number of turns in star
1243
Research on Application of 36-Pulse Phase-Shifting Transformer to High-Voltage Frequency Converter
Jianchao Zhang, Wei Xu, Jun Wang
12
0
Figure 4. Extended + phase-shifting connection diagram
In Fig.4, the number of turns of winding in the extended section of phase-shifting transformer:
Wextended=AZ=BX=CY
Wbasic=ZX=XY=YZ
Where, U2 refers to the line voltage on valve side and e t refers to the voltage of each turn of
phase-shifting transformer.
The number of turns in triangular connection on the secondary side can be obtained by substituting
equation (13) with the input rated voltage U2=550V and the voltage of each turn of phase-shifting
transformer e t =10V, as shown in table 3.
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Research on Application of 36-Pulse Phase-Shifting Transformer to High-Voltage Frequency Converter
Jianchao Zhang, Wei Xu, Jun Wang
I 1 P / 3U 1 630 10 3 /( 3 6000 ) 61 A
Table 3. The number of turns in triangular connection on the secondary side of 36-pulse phase-shifting
transformer (unit: turn)
+25 +15 +5 -5 -15 -25
Wbasic 10 29 47 47 29 10
Wextended 27 16 6 6 16 27
The current relationship between basic winding and phase-shifting winding on the secondary side is
analyzed thereinafter. The following can be obtained at node Z according to the node current law:
I AZ I ZX I YZ
30
1
I AZ I ZX cos30
2
As I extended I AZ I BX I CY ; I basic I ZX I XY IYZ , therefore
Where, I extended refers to the current in the extended section of winding on valve side; I basic refers to
the current in the basic section of winding on valve side; I1 refers to the phase current of winding on
grid side; W1 refers to the number of turns of winding on grid side. The current of basic winding and
phase-shifting winding can be obtained based on equations (14) and (15) and the number of turns of
1245
Research on Application of 36-Pulse Phase-Shifting Transformer to High-Voltage Frequency Converter
Jianchao Zhang, Wei Xu, Jun Wang
5. Conclusion
This paper first analyzes the principle of extended and non-extended phase-shifting transformers
and designs 36-pulse phase-shifting transformer, mainly including the capacity of phase-shifting
transformer, the calculation of phase-shifting angle, the design of phase-shifting transformer and
insulation design, and the calculation of the number of turns of winding, winding current,
phase-shifting voltage and short-circuit impedance of phase-shifting transformer, which provide basis
for the design of phase-shifting transformer in the future.
6. Acknowledgment
This research is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China
(E2011210038) and the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hebei Province, China
(Q2012113).
7. References
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solution for high-power applications[J]. IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications,
2000,36(3):834-841.
[2] Y.S.Lai,F.S.Shyu. Topology for hybrid multilevel inverter[J].IEEE Proceedings-Electric Power
Applications, 2002,149(6):449-458.
[3] Jose Rodriguez,L.Moran,P.Correa,C.Silva. A vector control technique for medium voltage
multilevel inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2002 ,49(4):882-888.
[4] D.W.Kang,Y.H.Lee,B.S.Suh,C.H.Choi,D.S.Hyun. An improved carrier-based SVPWM method
using leg voltage redundancies in generalized cascaded multilevel inverter topology[J]. IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics, 2003,18(1):180-187.
[5] D.Zhong, L.M.Tolbert,J.N.Chiasson. Harmonic elimination for multilevel converter with
programmed PWM method[J].IEEE Conference Proceedings of IAS'2004,2004,2210-2215.
[6] JIANG You-hua,CAOYi-long, GONG You-min, A Novel Topology of Hybrid Multilevel In verter
with Minimum Number of Separated DC Sources[J]. Journal of Shanghai University(English
Edition), NO2,2004:199-202.
[7] Zhou K, Wang D. Relationship Between Space-vector Modulation and Three-phase Carrier-based
PWM A Comprehensive Analysis[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Electronics, 2002.49(1):186-196.
[8] Wang F. Sine-triangle Versus Space-vector Modulation for Three-level PWM Voltage-source
Inverters[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2002,38(2): 500-506.
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