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H (4) I (3)
E1=0 E2=14
E4=16 E10=39 E12=42
L1=0 L2=14
L4=18 L10=39 L12=42
From the earlier example what is
the critical path?
The critical path is the sequence of critical
activities that form a continuous path
between the start of a project & its
completion
It is the longest path
Critical events : where E = L
Critical activities float is 0.
Floats
Calculated for non critical activity or non
critical event
The length of time to which a non critical
activity and/or an event can be delayed or
extended without delaying the total project
completion time
Float can be called as slack or free time also
Float on event
Float slack of an event is the difference
between its latest occurrence time and its
earliest occurrence time
Event float = Li-Ei
Event float is 0 for critical events (I.e. L = E)
Float on activities
The length of free time available within the
estimated times of non-critical activities
3 types of float for non-critical activities
Total float
Free float
Independent float
Total float
Length of time by which an activity can be
delayed if all its predecessor activities are
completed at its earliest possible time and
all successor activities can be delayed until
their latest permissible time
Total float TFij= (Lj-tij)-Ei
Free float
Time by which the completion of an activity
can be delayed without causing any delay in
its immediate succeeding activities
Free float FFij= (Ej-Ei)-tij
Independent float
Amount of time available when preceding
activities are completed at their latest
permissible times and the following
activities can still be completed at their
earliest possible times
Independent float IFij=(Ej-Li)-tij
Negative value of independent float is
considered as 0
Further on floats
Latest occurrence time of an event is always
greater than or equal to its earliest occurrence
time. This implies
Independent float < Free float < Total float
Floats help in identifying underutilized
resources,flexibility in the total schedule and
possibilities of redeployment of resources
Once a float of an activity is disturbed, float for
all other activities of the project is changed and
should be recalculated
What does a float value mean?
If float value is negative, it means project
completion is behind the schedule data.
Resources are not adequate and activity may
not finish in time
Float = 0. Just enough resources, no
possibility for delay
Float is positive means resources are surplus
and can be deployed elsewhere as required