CHAPTER I

A. BAGROUND
Language is very important in human life. Language is means of
communication. Without a language, a person cannot communicate with others.
English is a language in the world. People call it a international language. In our
school, the English language has been given since the fourth grade of the
elementary school up to university. Most people in the world from the different
countries and nations speak language. Also, many scientific studies such as
education, science, religion, technology, commerce or politic are written in the
language.
Language includes four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing.
English SBC in the world of nursing is used to communicate with patients and the
like and communicate with fellow professions in the medical environment.
English for Nurse's can help nurses in English to communicate in their work as
well as possible and develop career opportunities, such as nurses who will work
abroad. The content of this course includes self-introduction, questions on
receiving the patient, providing direction in hospital facilities, explaining nursing
procedures, explaining body parts and hospital equipment, assuring patients,
persuading and calming patients, medical terminology, etc. The learned language
functions include asking information, explaining goals, instructing the patient,
calming, giving warning, advising, giving condolences, etc.
The opportunity to work abroad for Indonesian nurses is a joy as well as a
momentum for improving the quality of Indonesian nurses. Nursing education
institutions in Indonesia have an important role in preparing qualified and capable
nurses in the global market therefore for every nurse in Indonesia ready to
penetrate global market hence needed skill in English which can start from learn
about to the hospital departments and professionss in nursing.

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 CHAPTER II

A. HOSPITAL DEPARTEMENTS AND PROFESSIONS

There are many hospital departments, staffed by a wide variety of
healthcare professionals, with some crossover between departments. For
example, physiotherapists often work in different departments and doctors
often do the same, working on a general medical ward as well as an intensive
or coronary care unit. Below is a list of the main departments you'll come
across when you visit a hospital. Some of these units work very closely
together, and may even be combined into one larger department. Each
department tends to be overseen by consultants in that speciality with a team
of junior medical staff under them who are also interested in that speciality.
1) Accident and emergency (A&E)
This department (sometimes called Casualty) is where you're likely
to be taken if you've called an ambulance in an emergency. It's also where
you should come if you've had an accident, but can make your own way to
hospital. These departments operate 24 hours a day, every day and are
staffed and equipped to deal with all emergencies. Patients are assessed
and seen in order of need, usually with a separate minor injuries area
supported by nurses.
2) Anaesthetics
Doctors in this department give anaesthetic for operations. They
are responsible for the provision of:
acute pain services (pain relief after an operation)
chronic pain services (pain relief in long-term conditions such as
arthritis)
critical care services (pain relief for those who have had a serious
accident or trauma)
obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia (epidurals in childbirth and
anaesthetic for Caesarean sections).

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3) Breast screening
This unit screens women for breast cancer, either through routine
mammogram examinations or at the request of doctors. It's usually linked
to an X-ray department.
4) Cardiology
Term watch
Outpatient: short visit to hospital that lasts no more than a day.
Inpatient: hospital visit that requires at least one night's stay on a
ward.
This department provides medical care to patients who have problems with
their heart or circulation. It treats people on an inpatient and outpatient
basis.
Typical procedures performed include:
electrocardiogram (ECG) and exercise tests to measure heart
function
echocardiograms (ultrasound scan of the heart)
scans of the carotid artery in your neck to determine stroke risk
24-hour blood pressure tests
insertion of pacemakers
cardiac catheterisation (coronary angiography) to see if there are
any blocks in your arteries.
5) Chaplaincy
Chaplains promote the spiritual and pastoral wellbeing of patients,
relatives and staff. They are available to all members of staff for
confidential counsel and support irrespective of religion or race. A hospital
chapel is also usually available.
6) Critical care
Sometimes called intensive care, this unit is for the most seriously
ill patients. It has a relatively small number of beds and is manned by
specialist doctors and nurses, as well as by consultant anaesthetists,
physiotherapists and dietitians. Patients requiring intensive care are often

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 transferred from other hospitals or from other departments in the same
hospital.
7) Diagnostic imaging
Formerly known as X-ray, this department provides a full range of
diagnostic imaging services including:
general radiography (X-ray scans)
scans for A&E
mammography (breast scans)
ultrasound scans
angiography (X-ray of blood vessels)
interventional radiology (minimally invasive procedures, eg to treat
narrowed arteries)
CT scanning (scans that show cross sections of the body)
MRI scanning (3D scans using magnetic and radio waves).
8) Discharge lounge
Many hospitals now have discharge lounges to help your final day
in hospital go smoothly. Patients who don't need to stay on the ward are
transferred to the lounge on the day of discharge. Staff will inform the
pharmacy, transport and relatives of your transfer. To help pass the time,
there are usually facilities such as a TV, radio, magazines, puzzles, books
and newspapers. If someone feels unwell while waiting, nurses contact a
doctor to come and see you before discharge.
9) Ear nose and throat (ENT)
The ENT department provides care for patients with a variety of problems,
including:
general ear, nose and throat diseases
neck lumps
cancers of the head and neck area
tear duct problems
facial skin lesions
balance and hearing disorders
snoring and sleep apnoea

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 ENT allergy problems
salivary gland diseases
voice disorders.

10) Elderly services department

Led by consultant physicians specialising in geriatric medicine,
this department looks after a wide range of problems associated with the
elderly. This includes:
stroke medicine
gastroenterology
diabetes
locomotor (movement) problems
continence problems
syncope (fainting)
bone disease.
It provides a range of services such as home visits, day hospitals
and outpatient clinics. The department often has close links with other
community services for the elderly.
11) Gastroenterology
Endoscopy
Endoscopy involves a small thin tube with a camera on the
end.This is guided down the throat to investigate problems in your
oesophagus and digestive system. Small surgical instruments can be
guided down in the same way, meaning it can be used for diagnosis and
treatment. Run by consultants specialising in bowel-related medicine, this
department investigates and treats upper and lower gastrointestinal
disease, as well as diseases of the pancreas and bile duct system. This
includes endoscopy and nutritional services. Sub-specialities include
colerectal surgery, inflammatory bowel disease and swallowing problems.
There are often endoscopy nurse specialists linked to a gastroenterology
unit who are able to perform a wide range of bowel investigations.

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12) General surgery
The general surgery ward covers a wide range of surgery and includes:
day surgery
thyroid surgery
kidney transplants
colon surgery
laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal)
endoscopy
breast surgery.
Day surgery units have a high turnover of patients who attend for
minor surgical procedures such as hernia repairs.
13) Gynaecology
These departments investigate and treat problems of the female
urinary tract and reproductive organs, such as endometritis, infertility and
incontinence. They also provide a range of care for cervical smear
screening and post-menopausal bleeding checks. They usually have:
a specialist ward
day surgery unit
emergency gynaecology assessment unit
outpatient clinics.
14) Haematology
Haematology services work closely with the hospital laboratory.
These doctors treat blood diseases and malignancies linked to the blood,
with both new referrals and emergency admissions being seen.
15) Maternity departments
Women now have a choice of who leads their maternity care and
where they give birth. Care can be led by a consultant, a GP or a midwife.
Maternity wards provide antenatal care, care during childbirth and
postnatal support. Antenatal clinics provide monitoring for both routine
and complicated pregnancies. High-dependency units can offer one-to-one
care for women who need close monitoring when there are complications
in pregnancy or childbirth.

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16) Microbiology
The microbiology department looks at all aspects of microbiology,
such as bacterial and viral infections.They have become increasingly high
profile following the rise of hospital-acquired infections, such as MRSA
and C. difficile. A head microbiology consultant and team of
microbiologists test patient samples sent to them by medical staff from the
hospital and from doctors' surgeries.
17) Neonatal unit
Neonatal units have a number of cots that are used for intensive,
high-dependency and special care for newborn babies. It always maintains
close links with the hospital maternity department, in the interest of babies
and their families. Neonatal units have the philosophy that, whenever
possible, mother and baby should be together.
18) Nephrology
This department monitors and assesses patients with kidney (renal)
problems. Nephrologists (kidney specialists) will liaise with the transplant
team in cases of kidney transplants. They also supervise the dialysis day
unit for people who are waiting for a kidney transplant or who are unable
to have a transplant for any reason.
19) Neurology
This unit deals with disorders of the nervous system, including the
brain and spinal cord. It's run by doctors who specialise in this area
(neurologists) and their staff. There are also paediatric neurologists who
treat children. Neurologists may also be involved in clinical research and
clinical trials. Specialist nurses (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis) liaise with
patients, consultants and GPs to help with any problems that may occur
between outpatient appointments.
20) Nutrition and dietetics
Trained dieticians and nutritionists provide specialist advice on diet
for hospital wards and outpatient clinics, forming part of a
multidisciplinary team. The department works across a wide range of
specialities such as:

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 diabetes
cancer
kidney problems
paediatrics
elderly care
surgery and critical care
Gastroenterology.
They also provide group education to patients with diabetes, heart
disease and osteoarthritis, and work closely with weight management
groups.
21) Obstetrics and gynaecology units
These units provide maternity services such as:
Antenatal and postnatal care
Prenatal diagnosis unit
Maternal and foetal surveillance.
Overseen by consultant obstetricians and gynaecologists, there is a
wide range of attached staff linked to them, including specialist nurses,
midwives and imaging technicians. Care can include:
General inpatient and outpatient treatment
Colposcopy, laser therapy or hysteroscopy for abnormal cervical
cells
Psychosexual counselling
Recurrent miscarriage unit
Early pregnancy unit.
22) Occupational therapy
This profession helps people who are physically or mentally
impaired, including temporary disability after medical treatment. It
practices in the fields of both healthcare and social care. The aim of
occupational therapy is to restore physical and mental functioning to help
people participate in life to the fullest. Occupational therapy assessments
often guide hospital discharge planning, with the majority of patients
given a home assessment to understand their support needs. Staff also

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 arrange provision of essential equipment and adaptations that are essential
for discharge from hospital.
23) Oncology
This department provides radiotherapy and a full range of
chemotherapy treatments for cancerous tumours and blood disorders.
Staffed by specialist doctors and nurses trained in oncology (cancer care),
it has close links with surgical and medical teams in other departments.
24) Ophthalmology
Eye departments provide a range of ophthalmic services for adults
and children, including:
General eye clinic appointments
Laser treatments
Optometry (sight testing)
Orthoptics (non-surgical treatments, eg for squints)
Prosthetic eye services
Ophthalmic imaging (eye scans).
25) Orthopaedics
Orthopaedic departments treat problems that affect your
musculoskeletal system. That's your muscles, joints, bones, ligaments,
tendons and nerves. The doctors and nurses who run this department deal
with everything from setting bone fractures to carrying out surgery to
correct problems such as torn ligaments and hip replacements.
Orthopaedic trauma includes fractures and dislocations as well as
musculoskeletal injuries to soft tissues.
26) Pain management clinics
Usually run by consultant anaesthetists, these clinics aim to help
treat patients with severe long-term pain that appears resistant to normal
treatments. Depending on the hospital, a wide range of options are
available, such as acupuncture, nerve blocks and drug treatment.

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27) Pharmacy
The hospital pharmacy is run by pharmacists, pharmacy
technicians and attached staff. It's responsible for drug-based services in
the hospital, including:
the purchasing, supply and distribution of medication and
pharmaceuticals
inpatient and outpatient dispensing
clinical and ward pharmacy
the use of drugs.
A pharmacy will provide a drug formulary for hospital doctors to
use as a guide. It will also help supervise any clinical trial management
and ward drug-use review.
28) Physiotherapy
Physiotherapists promote body healing, for example after surgery,
through therapies such as exercise and manipulation. This means they
assess, treat and advise patients with a wide range of medical conditions.
They also provide health education to patients and staff on how to do
things more easily. Their services are provided to patients on the wards, in
the physiotherapy department itself and in rehabilitation units.
Physiotherapists often work closely with orthopaedic teams.
29) Radiotherapy
Run by a combination of consultant doctors and specially trained
radiotherapists, this department provides radiotherapy (X-ray) treatment
for conditions such as malignant tumours and cancer.
30) Renal unit
Closely linked with nephrology teams at hospitals, these units
provide haemodialysis treatment for patients with kidney failure. Many of
these patients are on waiting lists for a kidney transplant. They also
provide facilities for peritoneal dialysis and help facilitate home
haemodialysis.

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 31) Rheumatology
Specialist doctors called rheumatologists run the unit and are
experts in the field of musculoskeletal disorders (bones, joints, ligaments,
tendons, muscles and nerves). Their role is to diagnose conditions and
recommend appropriate treatment, if necessary from the orthopaedic
department. The rheumatologist may need to review you regularly, either
in person or via one of the rheumatology team. Alternatively, your
condition may be one your GP can manage in the community. Many
conditions are managed jointly between the GP and the hospital care team.
32) Sexual health (genitourinary medicine)
This department provides a free and confidential service offering:
advice, testing and treatment for all sexually transmitted infections
(STIs)
family planning care (including emergency contraception and free
condoms)
pregnancy testing and advice.
It also provides care and support for other sexual and genital
problems. Patients are usually able to phone the department directly for an
appointment and don't need a referral letter from their GP.
33) Urology
The urology department is run by consultant urology surgeons and
their surgical teams. It investigates all areas linked to kidney and bladder-
based problems.

B. PREPOSITION OF PLACE
a. AT
AT placed before the noun which is event
- At a party
- At the office
- At home
- At someones house

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 AT placed before the adverb of time:
- They will arrive at 8 oclock
AT can used in the sentence like:
- At nigh
- At Christmas
- At noon
- At midgnight

b. IN
IN placed before the name of country or city
- in Australia
- in Denpasar
- in germany
IN placed before year and century or month:
- in 2010
- in the 19 th century
- in January
IN placed after name of season:
- in summer
- in winter
IN placed after adverb of time like;
- In the morning
- In the afternoon
- In the evening
IN also used in the sentence like:
- in a room - in the corner
- in a garden - in the back of
- in a river - in a few minutes
- in the sea
- in front of

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c. ON
ON used to indicate the location of the floor in the house or building:
- On the ground floor
- On the first floor
- And specially for word like basement : in the
basement
ON placed after name of days:
- On Monday
- On Friday morning
ON used for indicate date:
- On July 17, 1998
ON also used to in sentence like:
- On the wall
- On a chair
- On the radio
d. FOR
To indicate how long an event accorred
- I have worked for the company for five years
e. DURING
- I met them during the holiday
f. SINCE
- I have worked for the company since 2011
g. UNTIL
- She will stay here until Sunday
h. BY
- Hand in your homework by Wednesday
i. AMONG BETWEEN
- AMONG : between many noun or many people
- BETWEEN: between two noun or two people
j. DURING
- To indicate when an event occurred
- They were in this town during the holiday

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 k. ABOVE
- The old house is above the lake

l. ABOUT
- The novel for children is about ghosts
m. UNDER
- The book is under the chair
n. OVER
- The helicopter is flying over the houses

C. GIVING DIRECTION
Giving Direction is giving directions to get somewhere. For example,
you will go to the hospital to visit your friends, but you do not know where
your friend room is treated, then you have to ask the people who know. At that
time the person you ask will give you Giving Direction. There are some words
that can be used if you want to give Giving Direction. As:

Vocabulary
Across
At the side of
Intersection
Get to
Up the stair

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 Through surgical room
Go along
T junction
Central hospital
Go straight a head
Turn left
Turn right
Corridor

- Asking for and Giving Directions

How do I get to ?
What's the best way to ?
Where is ?
Go straight on (until you come to ).
Turn back./Go back.
Turn left/right (into -street).
Go along
Cross
Take the first/second road on the left/right
It's on the left/right.
straight
opposite
near
next to
between
at the end (of)
on/at the corner
behind [b'hnd]
in front of
(just) around the corner
traffic lights

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 crossroads, junction
- Some Tips to Giving Direction
a. Speak slowly so the other person can understand.
Speak slowly so the other person can write down the instructions
if talking on the phone. When speaking with someone, use your hands to
demonstrate what you mean, left, right, or straight on. Always try and
use the word "please" when you are asking someone for directions. It's
polite, and people are more likely to help you. You know how to ask for
directions, but what happens when an English speaker asks you for
directions. This is not a time for small talk. Give only basic directions
with short phrases. Do the best you can.
b. Questions you may hear
How do I get to Main Street?
Where is the closest gas station?
Can you tell me where the community centre is?
Im looking for Jane Street.
Are you from around here?
c. If you know the way
Use basic English to offer directions. Short phrases are best. Speak
slowly and use very careful pronunciation. Spell out a word if
necessary.
The easiest way is to
The quickest way is toThe best way is to
go + direction (right, left, down, up, through)
take + road name
turn + right/left
stay on + road name for + distance or time
- Examples:
The easiest way is to go right on Commercial Avenue.
The quickest way is to take Road Number 1.
The best way is to turn right on Main Street.
Stay on Route 1 for about ten minutes.

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d. Use transitions
Separate each leg of the route with a transition.
after that
then
next
when you get togo
finally
e. Offer Ballpark Figures (rough estimates of time or length of
travel)
Some people feel better knowing how long it will take to get from A
to B.
Its just around the corner (not far)
Its not far.
Its a bit of a way. (it takes a while)
Its about a five minute walk.
Its about a twenty minute bus ride.
f. Use landmarks
Tell the person what to watch for.
You will see a large clock on the right.
You will pass a gas station.
Its across from the blue church.
g. More useful language
Its on + street name
Its across from
Its opposite
Its near
Its around the corner from
h. Offer warnings
Stay in the right lane.
Its a very busy road.
Its a big hill. (if they are walking or on a bike)
There might be construction.

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 If you pass the you went too far.
Theres no parking.
i. Repeat yourself
If YOU repeat the directions again, the other person will feel more
confident. Repeat important details including street names and turns.
You can also ask the other person to repeat the directions back to
you.
j. If you are in the car with the driver
Give a lot of warning.
Turn right at the next street
Get in the left lane.
Go one more block. Then turn right.
At the next traffic lights turn
Its going to be on your right.
k. Clarify
Make sure that the other person understood your directions. Say:
Did you get all that?
l. If you dont know the way
Dont guess! Dont just shake your head and walk away. Use one of
these phrases:
Im sorry, Im not from here.
Im afraid I cant help you.
Sorry I dont know my way around here.
m. Offer another solution
You could ask the bus driver.
Ask the front desk clerk.
Follow me. Ill show you the way.
Do you want me to draw you a map?

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Example Giving Directions at The Hospital:
A nurse often finds people who ask the way or certain place like a ward,
emergency room, clinic, etc. in this unit, you will study how to give direction to
people or guest in a hospital.
- Dialogue
A visitor at Medika Hospital. He is asking a nurse the way to patient
ward, in Mawar Room.
V : Excuse me, can you show me the way to Mawar Room?
N : Of course, it is only about two minutes walk from here. Well,
first go straight ahead and then you arrive at a T junction of this
street then turn left and Mawar Room is at your right side.
V : Where am I now?
N : You are in emergency unit.
V : Thanks a lot for your information.
N : Thats all right. Have a nice visit.

- Useful Expressions
Can you show me the way to admission department, please?
Its not too far to walk from here.
Go straight ahead.
Go across this corridor.
You cant miss it.
Which way must I take to get to orthopedic ward?
You get to the intersection.

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 CHAPTER III

A. CONCLUSION
There are many hospital departments, staffed by a wide variety of
healthcare professionals, with some crossover between departments. For example,
physiotherapists often work in different departments and doctors often do the
same, working on a general medical ward as well as an intensive or coronary care
unit. Each department tends to be overseen by consultants in that speciality with a
team of junior medical staff is Accident and emergency (A&E), Anaesthetics,
Breast screening, Cardiologi and etc. Preposition of place have some word like in,
at, on, during, between, under, for, since, until and etc.
Giving Direction is giving directions to get somewhere. For example,
you will go to the hospital to visit your friends, but you do not know where your
friends room is treated, then you have to ask the people who know. At that time
the person you ask will give you Giving Direction. Asking for giving direction
you can use How do I get to ? ,What's the best way to ?, Where is ?, and
the others. From the giving direction you have some tips to giving direction like
as Speak slowly, Questions you may hear, If you know the way, and etc.

B. SUGGESTION
Hopefully with this paper can add insight for readers about the English
language as a reference that can be used in the application of nursing practice in
providing education to the community for a healthier life. For readers to support
this paper in order to better hope the criticism and suggestions from the readers.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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