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CH 22 PDF
CH 22 PDF
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Gausss Law makes E-field Gausss Law also applies but more
calculation easier. difficult.
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
imaginary surface
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Objectives
1. Evaluate the electric flux through a surface given the electric
field
2. Relate the electric flux thru a closed surface to the total charge
inside and outside the surface
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
2. Charges outside the closed surface do not give a net electric flux through
the surface.
3. The net electric flux is directly proportional to the net amount of charge
enclosed within the surface but is otherwise independent of the size of the
closed surface.
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Example:
Charge +2q is at the center of two cubes of different side lengths L and
2L as shown. The total flux through the small and big cubes are small
and big, respectively. Also Esmall and Ebig are the magnitudes of the
electric field passing through the corners of the small and big cubes,
respectively. Which of the following relations is/are true?
A. small = big; Esmall = Ebig
B. small > big; Esmall > Ebig
C. small < big; Esmall = Ebig
D. small = big; Esmall < Ebig
E. small = big; Esmall > Ebig
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
where
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Note:
: unit vector perpendicular to A
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Example:
A uniform electric field given by
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Objective
1. Express Gausss law verbally and mathematically
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Gausss Law
alternative to Coulombs Law
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
+q
R
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
4dA
R dA
q
2R
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
+q
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
-q
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
q q1 q2
qn
Enclosed charge
Electric field
on Gaussian surface
Electric flux
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
q q1 q2
qn
Gausss Law
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Example:
A positive point charge Q is located at the center of a cube of
side-length L. In addition, six other identical positive point
charges q are positioned symmetrically around Q, as shown
in the figure. What is the electric flux through one face of the
cube?
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
S2 S5
S3 Legend:
+q
S4 -q
S1
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14 27
Charge and Electric Flux
Calculating Electric Flux
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Objective
1. Use Gausss law to calculate the electric field generated at a
point by highly symmetrical charge distributions.
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Gausss Law
valid for any distribution of charges and for any closed surface
Two applications:
1. Symmetric charge distribution + evaluate integral = electric field
2. Electric field + Gausss Law = knowledge of charge distribution
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14 32
Charge and Electric Flux
Calculating Electric Flux
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
inside
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
B. D > C > B = A
C. D = C > B = A
D. C > D > B = A
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14 35
Charge and Electric Flux
Calculating Electric Flux
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
A. 3Q/(32o)
Hint:
B. 32Q/(3o)
C. 3Q/(32o)
D. 32Q/(3o)
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14 39
Charge and Electric Flux
Calculating Electric Flux
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Gausss Law
valid for any distribution of charges and for any closed surface
Two applications:
1. Symmetric charge distribution + evaluate integral = electric field
2. Electric field + Gausss Law = knowledge of charge distribution
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14 41
Charge and Electric Flux
Calculating Electric Flux
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Objective
1. Predict the charge distribution induced on the surface of a
conductor in the presence of a static charge and external
electric field
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Charges on a conductor
For a solid conductor in electrostatic situation,
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Question:
But what if there is a cavity inside the
conductor?
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Charges on a conductor
For a conductor with internal cavity,
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Charges on a conductor
If we insert an isolated charge q inside the cavity,
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Outer surface of S1
A. Q B. +6Q C. +4Q D. Q
Inner surface of S3
A. 6Q B. +3Q C. +4Q D. 3Q
Outer surface of S3
A. Q B. +3Q C. +2Q
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14
D. 4Q 48
Charge and Electric Flux
Calculating Electric Flux
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Example:
A small conducting spherical shell with inner radius a and outer radius b is
concentric with a larger conducting spherical shell with inner radius c and
outer radius d. The inner shell has total charge +2q, and the
outer shell has charge +4q.
1. r < a
2. a < r < b
3. b < r < c
4. c < r < d
5. r > d J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY13-14 49
Charge and Electric Flux
Calculating Electric Flux
22 Gausss Law
Applications of Gausss Law
Charges on Conductors
Example:
Which of the following can be true regarding the figure shown below?
I. The electric field at S is stronger than at P.
II. There is a point charge at point Q.
III. There are negative charges at point L.
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I and III only
E. I, II and III