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Mean 24
Median 25
Mode 17
S.Dev. 4.7
Skewness (Median) -0.762
Q1 20
Q3 27
IQR 7.5
Lower Inner Fence 8.3
Upper Inner Fence 38
Lecture 03
Probability
Marilyn vs Savant is an American magazine columnist,
author, lecturer, and playwright who rose to fame by
being included in the Guinness Book of World Records
under Highest IQ by having an IQ of 228!
Suppose you
always choose DOOR 1 DOOR 2 DOOR 3 RESULT
1 / 88,000
chance!
1 / 576,000
Probability!
Dogs: 1 in 103,798
Sharks: 1 in 3,748,067
0 P(A) 1
S Heads, Tails
S 1, 2,3, 4,5, 6
P() = 1
TLFMenor Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Multiplication Rule
If an operation can be performed in n1 ways, and if
for each of these ways a second operation can be
performed in n2 ways, then the two operations can
be performed together in n1n2 ways.
S k n1n2 n3 nk
abc bca 3 2 1
acb cab
bac cba n! n(n 1) (2)(1)
n!
4 3 n Pr
(n r )!
Adjust permutation
formula by dividing 9!
84 n n!
the permutations n Cr
with the number of 3!6! r r!(n r )!
possible repetitions:
Example:
S Heads , Tails
You could associate X = 0 for heads, X = 1 for tails.
basically, 1 or 0.
Binomial Hypergeometric
Trials are independent. Trials are dependent.
P( x; n, p ) n C x p q x n x
Where:
q = 1-p
n = number of trials
P ( x; n, N , r )
r C x N r Cn x
N Cn
Where:
x
e
P( x; )
x!
Where:
x = number of successes
important parameters:
mean()
standard deviation () = distance
between the mean and the
inflection point
Characteristics:
Single peak at the center of distribution
Mean, median, and mode are equal
Symmetrical about its mean
Falls off smoothly in either direction from the central value,
asymptotic
Has long tapering tails that extend indefinitely in both
direction
Total area of the curve is equal to 1
53.983% 46.017%
Example 2: Given a standard normal distribution, find the value of k such that
P (z >k ) = 0.3015
P (k < z < -0.18) = 0.4197