PROBABILITY & STATISTICS 10 Marks

MT – 331

Random Variable
Q1-An attendant at a car wash is paid according to the number of cars that pass through.
Suppose the probabilities are 1/12, 1/12, 1/4, 1/4, 1/6, and 1/6, respectively, that the
attendant receives $7, $9, $11, $13, $15, or $17 between 4:00 P.M. and 5:00 P.M. on any
sunny Friday. Find the attendant's expected earnings and the standard deviation for this
particular period.
Q2-Roulette wheel is divided in to 6 sectors of unequal area marked with the no’s 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, & 6. The wheel is spun & X is the random variable the number on which the wheel stops.
The probability of X is as follows:

Find the value of ‘k’ and find (i) E(3x-5) (ii) E(𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎)

Q3-The distribution function for a random variable x is

𝟐𝒙
F(X)={𝟏 − 𝒆 𝒙≥𝟎
𝟎 𝒙<𝟎
Find f(x)=?
Find p(x>2)=?
Probability Distribution.
Q1-An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs that have a length of life that is
approximately normally distributed, With mean equal to 800 hours and a standard deviation
of 40 hours. Find the probability of light bulbs that have an average life of less than 775
hours. Find the probability that a random sample of 16 bulbs will have an average life of less
than 775 hours.
Q2- The average life of a bread making machine is 7 years, with a standard deviation of 1
year. Assuming that the lives of these machines follow approximately a normal distribution.
Find the probability that the mean life of a random sample of 9 such machines falls between
6.4 & 7.2 years?
Teacher . Shumaila usman
Q3- Printed circuit cards are placed in a functional test after being populated with
semiconductor chips. A lot contains 140 cards, and 20 are selected without replacement for
functional testing. If 5 cards are defective, what is the probability that at least 1 defective card
appears in the sample?
Q4- The life, in years, of a certain type of electrical switch has an exponential distribution with
an average life θ = 2. What is the probability that at most 30 fail during the first year?

Q5- Ten is the average number of oil tankers arriving each day at a certain port city. The
facilities at the port can handle at most 15 tankers per day. What is the probability that on a
given day tankers have to be turned away?

Q6-Defects in a certain wire occur at the rate of one per 10 meters. Assume the defects have
a Poisson distribution.What is the probability that
(a) a 20-meter wire has no defects?
(b) a 20-meter wire has at most 2 defects?

Q7-Customers arrive at a counter at the rate of 8 per hour. Assume the arrivals have a Poisson
distribution.What is the probability that
(a) no customer arrives in 15 minutes?
(b) two customers arrive in a period of 30 minutes?

Bayes theorem & basic Probability

Q1- Three different machines Ml, M2, and M3 are used to produce similar electronic
components. Machines Ml, M2, and M3 produce 20%, 30% and 50% of the components
respectively. It is known that the probabilities that the machines produce defective
components are 1% for M1, 2% for M2, and 3% for M3. If a component is selected randomly
from a large batch, and that component is defective, find the probability that it was
produced: (a) by M2, and (b) by M3.

Q2. It is known that of the articles produced by a factory, 20% come from Machine A, 30%
from Machine B, and 50% from Machine C. The percentages of satisfactory articles among
those produced are 95% for A, 85% for B and 90% for C. An article is chosen at random.
f) What is the probability that it is satisfactory?
g) Assuming that the article is satisfactory, what is the probability that it was produced by
Machine A?

Teacher . Shumaila usman

Q3- The following circuit operates if and only if there is a path of functional devices from left
to right. Assume devices fail independently and that the probability of failure of each device
is as shown. What is the probability that the circuit operates?

Q4-The following circuit operates only if there is a path of functional devices from left to
right. The probability that each device functions is shown on the graph. Assume that devices
fail independently. What is the probability that the circuit operates?

Q5-Disks of polycarbonate plastic from a supplier are analyzed for scratch and shock
resistance. The results from 100 disks are summarized as follows:

Let A denote the event that a disk has high shock resistance, and let B denote the event that
a disk has high scratch resistance. If a disk is selected at random, determine the following
probabilities:

Teacher . Shumaila usman