1.

Explain 2 environmental pressure and 2 organizational pressure

Two types of environmental pressure are fashion pressure and mandated pressure.

Mandated pressures
Coercive isomorphism
Organizations are forced to take on activities similar to other
organizations because of outside demands.
Mandated pressure can be:
o Formal coercive pressures: i.e: government mandates
o Informal coercive pressures: commitmnt to organizational
change
Geopolitical pressures
Happened due to immediate crisis or longer term geographic
realignments
I.e: EU, ASEAN, merger, acquisition, etc..
Kotter identifies 4 global environmental forces for change:
o Technological
o Greater economic integration of currencies and
international capital flows
o Maturation and slowdown
o Fall of socialist countries towards a more capitalist
economies.