Frederick Winslow Taylor
(March 20, 1856 March 21, 1915)
Father of scientific management
founder of modern time study
He believed in a science of management
based on observation, measurement, analysis
and improvement.
He sought to improve industrial efficiency.
1881- Midvale Steel Company in
Philadelphia
In June 1903, Taylor presented his famous
paper Shop Management which included
the elements of scientific management: time
study, standardization of all tools and tasks,
use of a planning department, use of slide
rules and similar timesaving implements,
instruction cards for workers, bonuses for
successful performance, differential rates,
mnemonic systems for classifying products,
routing systems, and modern cost systems.
In 1898- Bethlehem Steel Company- pig-
iron experiment- most celebrated
demonstrations of his principles; shoveling
experiment
TaylorWhite process of heat treatment for
tool steel- he developed a means of hardening
a chrometungsten steel alloy without
rendering it brittle, by heating it close to its
melting point. The resulting highspeed steel
more than doubled machine cutting
productivity and remains in use today all over
the world.; Taylor equation for cutting
metal
Taylor died of pneumonia in 1915,
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth
Founders of the modern motion-study
technique (study of the body motions used in
performing an operation, to improve the
operation by eliminating unnecessary
motions, simplifying necessary motions, and
then establishing the most favorable motion
sequence for maximum efficiency).
Responsible for industrys recognition of the
importance of a detailed study of body
motions to increase production, reduce
fatigue, and instruct operators in the best
method of performing an operation.
Developed the micromotion study,
cyclegraphic and chronocyclegraphic
analysis.
Cyclegraphic- method involves attaching a
small electric lightbulb to the finger or hand
or part of the body being studied and then
photographing the motion while the
operator is performing the operation.; solid
lines of motion patterns
Chronocyclegraph- is similar to the
cyclegraph, but its electric circuit is
interrupted regularly, causing the light to
flash.; Dashes of light spaced in proportion to
the speed of the body motion being
photographed; it is possible to compute
velocity, acceleration, and deceleration, as
well as to study body motions.
Frank Gilbreth
Bricklayers trade
Carl G. Barth
Associate of Frederick W. Taylor
Developed a production slide rule for
determining the most efficient combinations
of speeds and feeds for cutting metals of
various hardnesses, considering the depth of
cut, size of tool, and life of the tool.
He is also noted for his work in determining
allowances.
Harrington Emerson
Applied scientific methods to work on the
Santa Fe Railroad
Wrote a book, Twelve Principles of
Efficiency, in which he made an effort to
inform management of procedures for
efficient operation.
Efficiency engineering.
Henry Laurence Gantt
1
 In 1917, developed simple graphs that
would measure performance while visually
showing projected schedules.

Also known for his invention of a wage

payment system that rewarded workers
for above-standard performance,
eliminated any penalty for failure, and
offered the boss a bonus for every worker
who performed above standard.

Gantt emphasized human relations and

promoted scientific management as
more than an inhuman speedup of labor.

Jean Rodolphe Perronet

French engineer
Manufacture of No. 6 common pins

Charles W. Babbage
English economist
Manufacture of No. 11 common pins.