I ablc ,,\2 lltc norrriai rl istri[rrrtion

Ihe tahle gives tltc f)r()p()rtli)rt of the trrtrl ar(a rrrrilr:r titc cir:r,r.u.lrr,.)r lrr:s
hcyond an_v givcn z value (tir:1 is, tlrc shaded arcr ln Iitr L1t;grln; Jt ::
lherefore appr()priate for a onc-(ailed (LltrcctionaJ ) trst. Iior :r r wr,-rarlr,rl
i noniirectiona.l) tcst, thc pr()porlions nl^rs( bc douirlcrl

'l-hr
figures rlown lhr: lclt ,iland srdr: git,: r,alur:s o{ : ta iht' 1i;sr tjrr:rnrrl I.lnr:e,
:nd those acrors the top give the sccond der:rnral plrr:t,

z 0.0O O Ol 007 003 0.04 005 006 007 008 009

00 0.5000 0..i!)60 o 49?A 0 4880 o.4 E4(-) 0.d80 1 0.476 ) o 41?1 0 468r 0.464 1

0l 0.4602 0.4562 0.d522 0 4483 0.4 443 4.4444 0 4364 o.4325 0 .1286 o.4247
c? 0.4207 0.4 1 68 0.1 t?!r 0.4030 0 4052 0 4013 0.3:l74 0 3936 lB37 0.1859
o.3 o.3821 o.3 783 0 3745 0 3107 0.3663 o 3632 0.3 5 94 0.3551 'l
0 l5?0 0 3483
o4 0.3446 0.3409 0.337? 0 3336 o:130r) 0 1264 O,3??? 0.1 r32 0 3156 0.3121
0.5 0.3085 o.3050 0.301 5 0 2391 o.2946 o.?,912 a ?il1 0 28.13 u 7u10 0 2776
7
06 0.27 43 a.27 D9 0.26 76 0.204l 0.26 1 1 O 2lt1 0.2546
F' i) 2'18-l 0.2451
07 o 2424 0.?389 0 215B o.2?6a) a 2736 o ??t)6 i') i1 l.' a 7148
a8 o.21r9 0.2090 0 2061 0 2033 0.2005 01977 0 t:r49 0.r922 0 i867
09 0.1841 o t814 0 1788 01162 0 r7i6 0 r 711 0 1685 0. 1 66.j .l I tr35 0 r611
1.0 o.r 587 o.1 562 0. r 539 0.1515 0 149? 0 1d69 0 1d46 0.1423 rj 1401 c.1379
11 0_r 357 0.1 335 01314 0.1 292 01271 0125 0 1?30 c 1210 0 I t!)0
1 0.1 1 70
1? o.r 151 0.f i3l 0 r117 0. l 093 0.1075 o. r 056 0.1 0l I 0. r o2o i) 1003 0.o985
1.3 o.o968 0.o951 0.0934 0 0918 0.m0'l 0.088 5 0 c869 0.085,r c rlB3E 0.o823
o.oao8 o.o 7s3 0.0 7 76 (1.0 7 64 0.074I 0 0735 o.07? 0.0 70E c. c fi9.1 1 0.0681
1.5 o.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0 0630 0.06 18 o.0606 o 45,:4 0.o582 0 057r 0.o559
r.6 o.o54B 0.0537 {1.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.1)495 0.04 35 0.oa 7 !: () .l4il5 0.0455
1.7 0.o446 0.0436 a.o4?l 0 0418 0.0403 00401 0 0192 0 0334 c.03 /5 c.0r6 7
1B 0.0359 0.0351 0.034a 0.0r36 0.032!) 0.0322 0.03 1 4 0.rJ30 7 il Q30 r 0 0?9^1
r .11 0.o287 0.0281 o o?14 c 02(iB o.o262 0.025G 0ll2l:0 0 0:),1d a t23,J 0 0233
70 0.o228 o.0722 A O)1J 0 0?12 0.020 7 o 4202 0.0 19i o.0r?2 a' 0I tu o.() r 83
).1 o.or 79 0,o I 74 o.01lo 0.c 166 0.0162 0.01 5tl 0.o i4..1 0.o r 50 0 01 .16 0.014:i
2.2 0"o139 0.0 r 36 0.0 r l2 0.0 r 29 00r25 o.Q122 0011I 0 0116 0.0r 1l 0.c110
23 o.o t 07 0.0104 0 0r0? 0.0099 0.oo95 0 0034 0.oo9 o.0089 0 Ocri / 0.o084
1

?.4o.oo82 0.ooa0 0.0,o78 0 0075
25 0.0062 0.r)@ 0.005,9 0 oc)57
)6 0.0047 0.004 5 0.0044 0 0043
21 0.oo35 0.o034 0.0.013
2.4 0.o026 Q.OO?5 0 .JO7,1 0 0023
0"oo 7 3 0 0()71 0 0069 0.0&;8 0 0066 o. L')o64
0.0()5!; o 0054 0.c)o5? 0.oo5 r 0 0049 0.00,18
0.0041 0.0040 0.003I 0.0c38 0c03/ 0 0036
o. oo3 2 0.00t 1 0 0030 0 00?9 o 00?8 aQa?t o 0026
0 f)023 o oa72 0 0(12 r 0. ltcr ? 0 c020 0.00 1 9 1

:tI 0.0019 0.oo 1 I 0 001 t] 0 0017 0 fi116-: 0!0r6 0 00 15 0.0o 15 0 a0l,j c) 0r.t-1 4
30 0.00 r 3 0.oo 1 3 0 00r3 0 00r2 00012 0 0011 0 ilt)l 1 0 0011 rlL.OlO 0 0010
l'i 0.mro 0.0009 0 0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0 0!08 0.0008 o.c0o 7 0 0(]07
1,2 0.o007 0.000 7 0 0006 0 0005 o.0(106 0.ooo6 o 1006 0 (rx)5 0(c05 0 0005
o.0005 0.G0{]5 0 0005 0 0c)04 0 0004 0 ooon C rIr(1,1 0 0of,i,1 r-r ( oo4 0 0()o3
j4 0.ooo3 0.0003 0 0001 o 0003 0 0003 c. oo0 l o {x103 0 0003 0 (oo:l 0 0002
J5 0.oao2 0 00(]2 0 (}00;l o aoo2 0 0002 0 u00? 0 0002 o orxl ? 0 l ,4,\l ? 0 000?
 !'etrlc r\J The /-rli.stribu(iorr

fhc lablc criticai v;rlucs of i 1or srgntl.ic:rnr;r.

g.ives
1:irlctil'rr.'rirccironrloi:,nc.rrilctli tlirccri.nri ,r
!rrr,rr,< lr,,-r.. :_ - .
oi tlcg,l ccs of frcecjom. l hcse critical vaiucs
,,r,"';:;:':;,f'.;lii;Jrlr,IX-
arr l irl lrlur.! f)cyon(l v,,hich
Ihll prrrp6llisn L)l tllc ;rr,.l unJrr llrc lics
cur rt u.t.)! lr i.,t rr.)fr,ilJs tr)
significance level. the

Signi{icartr:c /eve!
t wo -t a i led,4 t o n cJ t r ec r t o na I
0.20 0. to a5
0. 0.02 0.ol
Sienr f icanr:e level .

Aegrcas af cne-tailed /dtrtrt iona !

freedom 0"ta 0.05 0.025 c.0 t
I 3.078
1 6.3t4 12.7 ?1 01
1,886 2.92a
1
63.6d:
4.303 6.965 's.s.26j
1.638 2 ! Oa
4 4.54 6.84I_.
1.533 1 11') 1

5 1.476
1./ /O 3747 4.604,
2.015 2.51 1
3.365
6 1.440 1.943 4.032
7
2 ,147 J. tq-1 3.7A7
t.4 15 L895 ? ooo
B
Z. JfiJ 33e0;
r.Jy/ 1.860 2.306
9 1 ?Q" 2 896 3.355
1 833 2.262
10 2..821 3r50
1.372 1til2 2.228 2.764 3.t68
l1 1.363 1,796 2.201 2.1 1B 3.108:
1.356 1.782 2 115
13 2.68'l 3.055.
1.350 1.771 2.160
14 2 650 3.012:
r.345 1.761 2.145
15 2.624 2.977:
1.34 1 t./5J 2, 131
I6 2.602 ?.*47:
i.337 1.t46 t. t lt) I f,c"
17 1.333 2.921
X .7,10 2.1 10 2.567
18 1a.)t\ 2.888
19
|./ J{ 2 1o1 2 552 2.878
r "328 1 /29 2 093 2,539
l.Jl5 2.86t
1.725 2.086 2 5?.8
a1 2.U6
1.323 1.721
)) 1.32 1.1 17
2.080 2 5lB 2.831.
1
2.o7 4 2.508 2.8t9"
23 I .319 1.7 14 2.069 2.500 2.W7
24 r .318 171"1 2.064 2.492 2.797 .
1.316 1.708 2 060
26 2.485 2.787.
1.315 1.706 2.0s6
1,- '1
? 479 2.779
I .314 703
141')
2.O5? 2 473 2.771
LO
1C
1./01 2.048 t 40l 2.763
1.31 1 1 699 2.04
30
!-. 2 462 2.?68
1 .310 r 697 2 047 I t+a) / 2.7ffi
40 I.303 1 .684 2.02i
60 1 ?OA 't 671 2 423 2.7U-
120 I 2Bg 1.C,58
2 000 2 390 2.W'
r.980 2 358 2.617.
| -L6/ 1 64t; 1.960 2 326 2.576