13 Umts Core PDF

UMTS Core Network
V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello
GSM/GPRS Network Architecture
Radio access network GSM/GPRS core network

BSS
PSTN, ISDN
MSC GMSC
BTS VLR
MS BSC HLR
PCU AuC
SGSN
EIR
BTS
IP Backbone GGSN
database
Internet
3GPP Rel.99 Network Architecture
Radio access network Core network (GSM/GPRS-based)
UTRAN
PSTN
Iub RNC MSC GMSC
Iu CS
BS VLR
UE Iur HLR
Uu
AuC
Iub RNC SGSN
Iu PS EIR
BS Gn
IP Backbone GGSN
database
Internet
3GPP Rel
Rel.99
.99 Network Architecture
Radio access network

2G => 3G MS => UE
UTRAN
(User Equipment), often also
called (user) terminal
Iub RNC
New air (radio) interface
BS based on WCDMA access
UE Iur technology
Uu
New RAN architecture
Iub RNC (Iur interface is available for
BS soft handover,
BSC => RNC)
Core network (GSM/GPRS-based)

Changes in the core
network:
PSTN
MSC is upgraded to 3G Iu CS
MSC GMSC
MSC VLR
SGSN is upgraded to 3G HLR

SGSN AuC
SGSN
GMSC and GGSN remain Iu PS EIR
the same Gn
GGSN
AuC is upgraded (more IP Backbone
security features in 3G)
Internet
UTRAN Circuit Switched (CS) core network
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access Network)
MSC GMSC
Server Server
SGW SGW
PSTN
MGW MGW
New option in Rel.4:
GERAN
(GSM and EDGE Radio
Access Network)
PS core as in Rel.99
MSC Server takes care Circuit Switched (CS) core

of call control signalling network
The user connections MSC GMSC

are set up via MGW Server Server
(Media GateWay)
SGW SGW
PSTN
Lower layer protocol
MGW MGW
conversion in SGW
(Signalling GateWay)
RANAP / ISUP
PS core as in Rel.99
SS7 MTP IP
Sigtran
UTRAN CS core
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio
PSTN
Access Network) MGW
New core
network part:
IMS (IP
Multimedia HSS
System)
GERAN
Internet
(GSM and EDGE Radio
Access Network)
SGSN GGSN
PS core
The IMS can establish CS core

multimedia sessions
PSTN
(using IP transport) MGW
via PS core between
UE and Internet (or
IMS (IP
another IMS)
Internet / other IMS

Multimedia HSS
Call/session control System)
using SIP (Session
Initiating Protocol)
SGSN GGSN
Interworking with the
PSTN may be required
for some time ... PS core
New Service Concept
Content provider Content provider
Service provider Service provider
Carrier provider
all want to make

profit
End user End user
OSA (Open Services Architecture/Access)
OSA is being standardised, so that services provided by

different service/content providers can be created and
seamlessly integrated into the 3G network (this is the
meaning of open architecture)
OSA means in practice:
Service Creation Environment (SCE)

API = Application
API API API Programming
Interface
3G network (Standardised)
CAMEL (2G & 3G)
CAMEL (Customised Applications for Mobile network Enhanced
Logic) is a set of IN (intelligent network) type functions and
procedures that make operator-specific IN services available to
subscribers who roam outside their home network.
CAMEL = IN technology + global mobility
CAMEL Service Environment (CSE) is a logical entity in the

subscribers home network which processes IN related
procedures
CSE SCP in home network
The IMS
The IP Multimedia Subsystem
Vincenzo Mancuso, PhD
The IMS
The Third generation networks aim to merge
two most valuable resources in communication
technology, along with local PSTN networks
Cellular Networks
The Internet
Use packet switching, IP

The IP Multimedia Subsystem or IMS is the solution to integrate all
the services that the internet provides with the cellular and other
networks
Triple Play: coordination of voice, video and data
IMS Value-
Value-added services
IMS also can provide integrated

service to the user
Third party developed services can be provided by
operators, thus developing value-added services
Appropriate charging for multimedia sessions,
according to the content and the service offered
IMS Service Integration
Problem Statement: various

networks providing services have a
vertical infrastructure
no horizontal links between networks
The challenge: to integrate these

networks and to create new
applications that would provide
service to next generation
networks
Component #1: the media
transport
After many other services,
introduction of real time
voice/video on Internet
The 1st problem is easy: how
to transmit voice/video?
IP packets
RTP (Real-Time Protocol) is a protocol which
transports an encoded multimedia stream as
Codec
pieces, with a timestamp on each piece, and sends
them using UDP/IP
RTP
Any encoding is permitted for voice/video with
UDP a Codec: MP3, ACC, MPEG4, AMR
IP Several streams (voice+video) can be sent in
parallel with the same timestamp
The timestamp is used by the receiver to play
the voice/video in a regular way for quality
RTP is the media transport
Component #2: session initiation
The 2nd problem is more

difficult: how to initiate the
Registration of Bettys phone
call? how to know the IP-
and address address of the called phone?
It is necessary to have a table which translates a
symbolic name Betty into an IP address
Each time a terminal service is put on, it must
notify its presence to update the table
So, thanks to an access to this table, it is possible
to make the address resolution : name -> IP
Registration of Johns phone
and address
address
The control of the address table

creates a tough competition
Why IMS?
Solutions to make the address resolutions
MSN, Yahoo, AOL have

designed a calling
architecture hyper-
centralized: 1 table
worldwide, only 1 operator
Skype promotes a hyper- The introduction and development of

decentralized architecture: solution like Skype is highly significant
as it alters the notion of
1 table per terminal with
telecommunications operators by
peer-to-peer update making the process fully electronic
between terminals IDATE - ART, 2004
Operators dislike such approaches, so they push a way

very similar to e-mail: centralization per domain. This
approach is named Internet Protocol Multimedia
Subsystem, IMS.
IMS User Identities
Sip:zehan.zeb@newstore.com
tel:+17324567888
zzeb@tmobile.co
m
IMS Subscriber Private User Identity Sip:zehan.zeb@example.com
tel:+88028112347
Public User Identities

User Identity
Private identity Public Service
User Identity 1 Profile 1
Issued by home provider Implicitly
Registered ID
Used for AAA Private Public Set 1 Service
User Identity 1 User Identity 2 Profile 2
Saved on ISIM (not modifiable)
Public identity Public
User Identity 3
Normal SIP address (URI or TEL) IMS
Subscription
Implicitly
Registered ID
Identifies the user publicly Public

Set 2
Service
User has one or more identities
Used for routing Private Public
User Identity 2 User Identity 5
Can be grouped into implicit registration sets Implicitly
Registered ID
If one of the set is registered then the others are as well Public
Set 3
Service
At least one is stored on ISIM
In case no ISIM is provided
Use a temporary identity derived from USIM during initial registration (derived from
IMSI)
PIDs are then provided by the S-CSCF in its reply to the registration
UICC
Universal Integrated Circuit Card
Used to store data, including authentication
information
Contains one or more applications
SMS
Phonebook

SIM
GSM Subscriber Identity Module
USIM
UMTS SIM
ISIM
IMS SIM
Applications are independent

SIM, USIM and ISIM can coexist on the same UICC
but SIM cannot be used for IMS access (for security reasons)
IP Multimedia Subsystem
Next-gen An enabler
A standard network of new
architecture applications
IMS
Converged Services
SIP Rich Communications
Push-
Push-2-Talk
SIP Video Clips Push--2-View
Push
Sports, News Push-
Push-2-X
IP Network
SIP Voice
Location--
Presence, Location
based Services
SIP SIP
Service-
Service-layer SIP Picture
Messaging, E-mail
MM Messaging IM
Control-
Control-layer At Home On the Move In the Office
Streaming Games,
Audio, Video Music
IMS is access agnostic, cost reducing, and service Downloads
Transport-
Transport-layer enhancing Interactive Services,
Interactive Gaming
IMS gives the customer & carrier choice
IMS
Goals & Tools
IMS goals
Combine latest trends in tech

Run fast, no time for standardization of services
Mobile/Nomadic internet
Create a platform for multimedia
services
and their development
Exploit/allow mobile packet-
switching networks
Not a mere circuit-switching replacement
IMS requirements
Support for establishing IP Multimedia

Sessions
Audio, video, messaging
Support for mechanisms to negotiate QoS
distinguish users
operators want to control QoS
Support for interworking
with Internet
with packet-switching networks
Support for roaming
Home and visited network
Inter-operators roaming
IMS requirements (contd)

Support for user activity control
policies imposed by the operator (general policies and per-user policies)
accomplish to service agreements
Support for fast service creation
dont require service standardization
Standardize service capabilities instead
Support for multiple access
Not only GPRS, UMTS
IP is independent on lower protocol layers
Protocols in IMS
3GPP reuses protocol developed by other
standards development organizations
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institute)
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications)
3GPP interacts with standards
development organizations as for the
development of existing and new
protocols
Protocols
RTP for media transport
Session control protocols
AAA protocols
Other
Session Control Protocol
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol, by

IETF- RFC2821)
Protocol to establish and manage multimedia session
over IP
SIP borrows some design principles from SMTP and
HTTP
Does not differentiate the user-to-network interface from
the network-to-network interface (unlike BICC and
H.323)
It follows the client-server model
Text-based protocol
Easy to debug, extend and reuse for service building
AAA protocol: DIAMETER
one protocol for many interfaces
Authorization Diameter
Client Application
Diameter
Server Application
What service can be used?
Authentication
Are you really who you say you
are? Session Management Session Management
Accounting
$
Routing Management Routing Management
DIAMETER
by IETF RFC3588 Connection Connection
Management Management
Evolution of RADIUS
Base protocol Base Protocol Base Protocol
Diameter applications
Diameter applications used to customize/extend the base protocol for different interfaces, environments, and
applications
E.g.: interact with SIP session setup (Authorization and Authentication)
E.g.: interact with the billing subsystem to control accounting
E.g.: interact with routing entities
IMS Architecture
New services for mobile
and fixed networks
Open, standardised, operator friendly, NGN
multimedia architecture for mobile and fixed services
Based on SIP, DIAMETER and COPS controls
Supports legal interception, localisation, PSTN interworking, etc.
Access Independent
Applications
Internet
3G mobile
WLAN
IMS Platform
WiMAX
DSL
Fibre PSTN
Ethernet
IP transport MGW
Functions and nodes
IMS standardizes functions
IMS does NOT standardize nodes
The IMS Architecture is a collection of
functions linked by standardized
interfaces
A function can be implemented through one or more nodes
Multiple functions can share a node
Commonly a function per node
A standard architecture for
service delivery
Application
Layer AS AS
SIP
DIAMETER SIP
Session MR
Control HSS
SIP
F
Layer MGCF
MGW H.248
Connectivity SIP
Layer GGS PSTN/PLMN
IP Network
N
CPE
Access to IMS
The user can connect to an IMS network in
variety of ways, all of which use the
standard Internet Protocol (IP) for packet
switching
e.g., IMS terminals can register directly
on an IMS network
e.g., mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and computers
even when they are roaming in another network or country (the visited
network)
The only requirement is that they can use IPv6 (also IPv4 in early IMS)
and run SIP user agents
Other access examples
Fixed access
- e.g., Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), cable modems, Ethernet
Mobile access
e.g., W-CDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, GPRS
Wireless access
e.g., WLAN, WiMAX
Other phone systems like plain old
telephone service (POTS -- the old
analogue telephones) or PSTN, H.323
and non IMS-compatible VoIP systems,
are supported through gateways
IMS functional elements
Infrastructure of SIP Proxies
(media do not traverse the IMS..)
IMS Functional Elements
Session Management (SIP)

Routing
Databases
Network Interoperability Elements
Services and Support Components
Charging Components
Nodes/Functions in the IMS
User databases
HSS (Home Subscriber Server)
SLF (Subscriber Location Function)
SIP servers
CSCF (Call/Session Control Function)
AS (Application Server)
MRF (Media Resource Function)
MRFC (MRF Controller)
MRFP (MRF Processor)
BGCF (Breakout Gateway Control Function)
PSTN/CS gateways, decomposed into:
SGW (Signaling Gateway)
MGCF (Media Gateway Controller Function)
MGW (Media Gateway)
Charging collection functions
Databases (HSS,SLF)
HSS is an evolution of the HLR (Home
Location Register) of GSM
Contains the user-related subscription data (e.g., location,
authorization and authentication information)
More than one HSS is possible
If #HSS > 1 SLF required
SLF maps users address to HSSs
HSS and SLF use DIAMETER with an IMS-
specific diameter application
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
HSS
Diameter
Presence, Location and Profile

End-User Identity
Private and Public End-User Information
Registration Information
Service Initiation Information
Subscriber Service Profile (SSP)
Downloaded to CSCF at Registration
More on HSS
HSS is a master user database that
supports all the IMS network functions
that actually handle communications
contains the subscription-related information (user profiles)
performs authentication and authorization of the user
can provide information about the user's physical location
is similar to the GSM Home Location Register (HLR) and
Authentication Centre (AUC) together
CSCF
SIP servers or proxies, collectively called Call
Session Control Function (CSCF), are used to
process SIP signaling packets/messages in
the IMS
P-CSCF (Proxy)
I-CSCF (Interrogating)
S-CSCF (Server)
Call/Session Control Func.
Func. ((CSCF)
CSCF)
Diameter
P- I- SIP S-
CSCF CSCF CSCF SIP
SIP
SIP SIP
CSCF Processes SIP Signaling

P-CSCF
First Point of User Contact (located in the visited domain)
Authenticates user
May Include Policy Functions
S-CSCF
Central Node of Control Plane
Acts as Registrar for User (located in the home domain)
Invokes Application Servers
Performs Primary Routing Function
I-CSCF
Located at Edge of Administrative Domain (contact point for inter-domain messages)
Is the Ingress Network Point Defined in DNS
Shields Network Topology from External Networks
IMS Signaling Path
(1 domain, no roaming)
IMS Signaling Path
(4 domain roaming, media goes directly)
Sweden
User
Irish
User
Sweden User
In roaming
Irish User
In roaming
CSCF
P-CSCF (Proxy)
Outbound/Inbound proxy server
First server contacted by the user
Fixed while registered
Security functions (integrity protection, IPSec,)
Authenticates the user and extend the authentication to
other nodes within IMS
Compress/decompress SIP messages
Generates charging info
P-CSFC details
SIP proxy that is the first point of contact for the IMS
terminal
It can be located either in the visited network (in full IMS
networks) or in the home network (when the visited
network isn't IMS compliant yet)
The terminal discovers its P-CSCF with either DHCP
or it is assigned in the PDP Context (GPRS)
It is assigned to an IMS terminal during registration, and
does not change for the duration of the registration
It sits on the path of all signaling messages, and can
inspect every message
It authenticates the user and establishes an IPsec security
association with the IMS terminal
Other nodes trust the P-CSCF, and do not have to authenticate the user again
It can also compress and decompress SIP messages
it may include a Policy Decision Function (PDF), which
authorizes media plane resources
it also generates charging records
PDF for QoS in IMS
(intermediary between the application-
application-level QOS and
the 3G network-
network-level QoS)
QoS)
CSCF
I-CSCF (Interrogating)
SIP proxy at the edge of a domain
Advertised by DNS
Interface to HSS and SLF for routing purposes
Optional: encryption of sensitive information about
the domain (THIG: topology hiding inter-network
gateway)
I-CSCF details
It is another SIP function located at the edge of an
administrative domain
Its IP address is published in the DNS of the domain
remote servers can find it, and use it as a forwarding point (e.g. registering) for
SIP packets to this domain
The I-CSCF queries the HSS using DIAMETER to
retrieve the user location
then it routes the SIP request to its assigned S-CSCF
Up to Release 6 it can also be used to hide the
internal network from the outside world (encrypting
part of the SIP message)
in which case it's called a THIG (Topology Hiding Inter-network Gateway)
From Release 7 onwards this "entry point" function is removed from the I-
CSCF and is now part of the IBCF (Interconnection Border Control Function)
which is also a firewall and a nat.
CSCF
S-CSCF (Server)
SIP server with session control functions
SIP registrar (maintains a mapping between user
location and public user identity)
SIP routing
PEP
Always located in the home network
Interfaced with the HSS (e.g., to download the
users profile)
S-CSCF details
It is the central node of the signaling plane
SIP server + session control
It is always located in the home network
It uses DIAMETER to the HSS to download and
upload user profiles
All necessary information is loaded from the HSS.
It handles SIP registrations
bind the user location and the SIP address
It sits on the path of all signaling messages, and can
inspect every message
It decides to which application server(s) the SIP
message will be forwarded, in order to provide their
services
It provides routing services, typically using
Electronic Numbering (ENUM) lookups
There can be multiple S-CSCFs in the network for
load distribution and high availability reasons
It's the HSS that assigns the S-CSCF to a user, when
it's queried by the I-CSCF.
Application Server (AS)
AS
AS
AS
Diameter
SIP
Contains Call Related Application Logic

Facilitates a Service Creation Environment
Queried by S-CSCF in Real Time to Execute Logic
Filters can be applied at S-CSCF in order to inspect the SIP messages and
decide whether involve or not the AS
Generally Specialized for Each Service
May Provide Gateway to Legacy Applications (e.g.
AIN)
Can Behave as a SIP Proxy or Terminal (and in this
case receive the media!)
AS
Three different AS types
SIP AS
native IMS application server
OSA-SCS (Open Service Access Service Capability Server)
Interface to Open Service Application (AS) framework application
server (developed by 3GPP for UMTS)
IM-SSF (IP Multimedia Service Switching Function)
Reuse/interface with CAMEL (GSM)
Gateway for GSM Service Control Function
An AS can be located in the home

network or in an external third-party
network
If located in the home network, it can query the HSS with the DIAMETER
Sh interface (for a SIP-AS) or the Mobile Application Part (MAP) interface
(for IM-SSF).
AS as a SIP Proxy
(e.g. find a taxi)
AS as a SIP Terminal
(e.g. web server: receive media data!)
Example of Filter Rule
(at S-
S-CSCF)
User A wants to divert all calls from boss

to an answering machine (i.e. the AS)
(method=INVITE) AND
(P-Asserted-Identity = boss@vodafone.com) AND
(Session Case = Terminating) ->message is addressed to
AS
Multimedia Resource Function (MRF)
SIP
MRFC
MS MS
Offers Services Such as Conferencing

MRFC SIP User Interface toward S-CSCF
MRFP Controls the Media Server (MS)
MRF
The MRF (Media Resource Function) provides a
source of media in the home network
It provides media related functions such as media
manipulation (e.g. voice stream mixing, media
trans-coding) and playing of tones and
announcements.
Each MRF is further divided into
Media Resource Function Controller (MRFC) signaling plane
Media Resource Function Processor (MRFP) media plane
The MRFC acts as a SIP User Agent to the S-CSCF,

and controls the MRFP with a H.248 interface
The MRFP is a media plane node that implements
all media-related functions
Multiparty Calls
(MRF as a special AS)
REFER:
Ask other
to join
Multiparty Call
Multiparty Call
BGCF
The Breakout Gateway Control Function is a
SIP server that includes routing
functionality based on telephone numbers
used when calling from the IMS to a phone in a circuit switched
network
e.g., IMS to Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or to
Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
BGCF routes to the appropriate (remote)
circuit switching domain
BGCF selects the (local) PSTN/CS gateway
PSTN Gateway
SGW
ISUP
SIP
SIP
SIP
BGCF MGCF
H.248
TDM
MGW
BGCF Routes to Gateway Based Upon Telephone

Number
MGCF Controlling Function for SGW and MGW
SGW Provides Signaling Conversion Between SIP
and ISUP
MGW Provides Conversion between RTP and TDM
Home Network - Functional Elements
Home Subscriber Server
Centralized DB
HLR successor Application Servers
User profile Push-to-talk
Filter criteria (sent to S-CSCF) Instant messaging Media Resource Function Controller
Which applications Telephony AS Pooling of Media servers (e.g. conference)
Domain Name Server Which conditions 3rd party or IMS Vendor
Home Network
UA/UE
SIP
DNS AS
AS P-CSCF
ENUM
HSS AS Media Gateway
Diameter Control Function
SIP Interfaces to PSTN/PLMN by
Converting SIP <-> ISUP
SIP SIP MRFC
P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF Interworking RTP to circuit
UA/UE SIP H.248 control of MGW
MS MS
SIP
SIP
SIP
SIP
BGCF MGCF
ISUP
Call Session SIP
H.248 SS7
Control Function
SIP registration RTP TDM PSTN
SIP session setup MGW
Proxy CSCF Serving CSCF

Visited Registrar
1st contact point for UA
Network Session control
QoS
Application Interface
Routes to S-CSCF
Interrogating CSCF
Entry point for incoming calls Breakout Gateway Control Function
Determines S-CSCF for Subscribers Selects network (MGCF or other BGCF)
Hides network topology in which PSTN/ PLMN breakout is to occur
Network--to-
Network to-Network Connectivity
UA/UE
SIP
Access DNS AS
HSS AS
AS P-CSCF SIP
RTP ENUM
SIP Diameter
RTP SIP
SIP
Backbone SIP SIP SIP MRFC

Packet P/S-
P/S-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
Visited Network SIP MS MS
SIP
Network SIP
SIP
BGCF MGCF
ISUP
Home H.248 SS7
Network PSTN
RTP TDM
MGW
Proxy/Serving CSCF
Manages call origination
Selects destination network
Routes to I-CSCF
Interrogating CSCF
Entry point for incoming calls
Determines S-CSCF for Subscribers
Hides network topology
Home and Visited Networks
Inherited from 2G, 3G
Most of IMS nodes and functions are located
in the Home network
P-SCFC can be either in the home or visited
network
If GPRS access P-CSCF in the same network of the GGSN
simplifies the operators management
allows roaming to non-IMS GPRS CANs (Connectivity Access networks)
Drawback: trombone effect when GGSN is in the home network (GGSN is
in the media plane)
In a long term perspective the P-CSCF will be located in the visited
network
Media servers can be out of both

IMS architecture
Examples
John is calling Betty
Introducing the HSS and the S
S--CSCF
The HSS is the table user/address

The S-CSCF is a SIP proxy which works
on messages to provide users
HSS (consumers, enterprises) with calling
services including registration being a
When the phones mediation SIP2DIAMETER
get connected they
register their
name/IP to the HSS
SIP S-CSCF SIP

Changes the SIP message replacing Betty by its IP
address found in the HSS
John is calling a taxi to meet Betty
Introducing the Application Server (AS)
In addition to the basic name/address translation,

the S-CSCF routes SIP messages to:
The network of Betty, if different
The applications such as: Push-To-Talk, Instant Messaging, Advance Call Control,
Voice/video mailbox, nearest Taxi running on AS, a SIP proxy application server

nearest Taxi application (location, fleet)
AS
S-CSCF
Changes the SIP message replacing taxi by
the IP address of the nearest available taxi
Johns and Bettys phones do not support a common
voice encoding
Introducing the MRFC and MRFP
Intercepting the SIP invite message, the S-CSCF/AS

detects a non compatibility between the codecs of the
phones : it forwards it to the MRFC (a SIP proxy).
The MRFC adjusts the SIP messages in order to orient the
RTP flow to the MRFP (a RTP proxy), for trans-coding
S-CSCF
SIP
MRFC
MGCP, H248 Megaco
RTP (codec: G729) RTP (codec: AMR)

MRFP
During its travel John is calling Betty
The operator has made a segmentation of its services offer
Introducing the P-CSCF, I-
I-CSCF
The P-CSCF is the 1st SIP proxy seen by the terminal

It controls the bearer plan via COPS protocol
It adjusts the SIP message (e.g., compression) and forwards it to the I-CSCF of the home
network
The operator may have several S-CSCFs (e.g., offer
segmentation)
So it introduces, the I-CSCF SIP proxy as the entry point of its
network
also used as the entry point for calls from other operators
Visited Network HSS
S-CSCF (consumers)
P-CSCF I-CSCF
S-CSCF (enterprises)
Home Network
John is calling Betty who has
a legacy phone
Introducing the MGCF and the MGW
At the border of the IMS network with the phone network,
an adaptation is necessary.
The MGCF handles the control for the 2 worlds and drives
the MGW (Media gateway)
controls circuits and MGW much like a VoIP softswitch
MGCF
Legacy Call control (SS7)
SIP
H248 MGCP,
Megaco
RTP
Phone transmission
Internet PSTN/PLMN network

MGW
IMS Communication Focus
Roaming IMS Mobile Users
Serving Network A
Serving Network B
Access Network A
Service Platform A Service Platform B Access Network B
(ASA ) (ASB)
SIP / SDP SIP / SDP SIP / SDP

P-CSCFC P-CSCFD
PDF S-CSCFA S-CSCFB PDF
Gm Gm
SIP/SDP SIP/SDP
inviting
Go Go
uey@homeb.com
SGSN GGSN Data- Path GGSN SGSN
IP Backbone Network
UEA UEB
PDP Context PDP Context

Sessionlevel(SIP/SDP signalling)
Bearer level(PDPcontext activation / modification / Release)
Interaction betweensession andbearer level(COPS)
I-CSCF (between P-CSCF and S-CSCF) not shown for simplicity
A Typical Example of an IMS Call
Network Y
Network X
AS
AS
S-CSCF
S-CSCF
HSS
HSS I-CSCF
I-CSCF
P-CSCF
P-CSCF
SGSN
GRX
DSL/Cable Modem
Network Z (UMTS/GPRS)
GGSN
DSLAM/CMTS
RNC
User A User B
The Signaling Plane
SIP functionality
SIPs main goal is to deliver a session descriptor to a
user at his/her/its location
A session descriptor contains the information needed
for a remote user to join the session
IP address and port
Codecs

SDP (Session Description Protocol)
A (possible) text-based way to describe the media session
SDP
version
user
subject user IP
Session-level
Start time
G711-law
Stream
directio H.261 codec Media-level
n
SIP entities
Registrar
User Agent
SIP endpoints handled by users (also automatically, based on user-
defined rules)
Proxy server
SIP routers
Usually is co-located with the registrar, and always uses the information
on the registrar (through a location server) to route the calls
Forking proxy
Parallel or serial forking in the message routing
Redirect server
For routing, but no message delivery
SIP transactions
Transaction structure
A request from the client
Zero or more provisional responses from the server
A final response from the server
Each message begins with a start line

Request line (in a request)
Method Request URI Protocol version
e.g.: INVITE sip:alice@domain.com SIP/2.0
Status line (in an answer) Start line

One or more headers (name:value)
e.g.: SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
---------EMPTY LINE ---------
Message body (OPTIONAL)
Status Human
Protocol version SIP message format
code code
SIP methods
ACK ack the final response for INVITE
BYE terminate a session
CANCEL cancel a pending request
INFO transport PSTN telephony signaling
INVITE establish a session
NOTIFY notify a UA about a particular event
OPTIONS queries a server about capabilities
PRACK ack for provisional response
PUBLISH upload UAs info to a server
REGISTER map the current URI and location with
the public URI
SUBSCRIBE request to be notified about an event
UPDATE update session characteristics
MESSAGE instant message in the message body
REFER instruct a server to send a request
SIP in the IMS
In principle, no difference with the public
Internet
In practice, IMS imposes some
constraints
Wireless access
Security
QoS
Roaming
3GPP/IETF defines a profile of utilization
of SIP in the IMS environment
E.g., RFC 3261 (redefinition of SIP)
RFC 3665 and 3666 (Best Current Practice)
Prerequisites
Two--phase registration
Two
Offline subscription
Login to the Inbound/Outbound

IP access net Fixed Proxy
DHCP or
Lower level
mechanism
Online registration
Entering the IP Connectivity Access
Network
The access to GPRS includes the
assignment of servers and IP address
PDF Context Activation/De-
Activation/De-Activation
A PDP context is pre-setup for the SIP
signaling
Different PDP contexts are then activated for
the media flows (e.g. according to the agreed
codec)
When the session ends, all PDP contexts are
deactivated
P-CSCF discovery
The IMS terminal has to discover the IP address of the
P-CSCF
The procedure can be
stand alone (DHCP+DNS)
integrated with the access to the IP (e.g., with the PDP context)
IMS--level registration
IMS
The user requests authorization to use
the IMS
The IMS authenticate and eventually
authorize the user
SIP REGISTER is mandatory
DIAMETER is used by the CSCF to contact the HSS
For security reasons, the user is challenged to show its
identity this require two SIP REGISTER messages
The HSS tells the I-CSCF whether a S-CSCF
IMS--level registration
IMS was already allocated to the user.
If not, I-CSCF will choose based on
capabilities notified by HSS in the UAA
SAA:Server Assignment Ans.

MAA: Multiledia Auth.Ans
UAA: User Auth. Ans.
Without
authentication
DL User Auth
vector
Challenge the User
SAR:Server Assignment Req.

MAR:Multimedia Auth.Req
authentication
UAR: User Auth. Req

vector included
DL User
Profile
Basic Session Setup
Session
setup
Many nodes and

many messages
involved in the setup
Different
planes/layers
media
signaling
CAN
core
Session setup (conted
(conted))

13 Umts Core PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

13 Umts Core PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UMTS Core Network

Radio access network GSM/GPRS core network

Radio access network

Core network (GSM/GPRS-based)

SGSN is upgraded to 3G HLR

MSC Server takes care Circuit Switched (CS) core

The user connections MSC GMSC

The IMS can establish CS core

Internet / other IMS

Content provider Content provider

Service provider Service provider

all want to make

OSA is being standardised, so that services provided by

OSA means in practice:

Service Creation Environment (SCE)

CAMEL Service Environment (CSE) is a logical entity in the

Vincenzo Mancuso, PhD

Use packet switching, IP

IMS also can provide integrated

Problem Statement: various

The challenge: to integrate these

The 2nd problem is more

The control of the address table

MSN, Yahoo, AOL have

Skype promotes a hyper- The introduction and development of

Operators dislike such approaches, so they push a way

IMS Subscriber Private User Identity Sip:zehan.zeb@example.com

Public User Identities

Identifies the user publicly Public

Applications are independent

Goals & Tools

Combine latest trends in tech

Support for establishing IP Multimedia

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol, by

Session Management (SIP)

Presence, Location and Profile

CSCF Processes SIP Signaling

Contains Call Related Application Logic

An AS can be located in the home

User A wants to divert all calls from boss

Offers Services Such as Conferencing

The MRFC acts as a SIP User Agent to the S-CSCF,

BGCF Routes to Gateway Based Upon Telephone

Proxy CSCF Serving CSCF

Backbone SIP SIP SIP MRFC

Media servers can be out of both

The HSS is the table user/address

SIP S-CSCF SIP

In addition to the basic name/address translation,

Intercepting the SIP invite message, the S-CSCF/AS

RTP (codec: G729) RTP (codec: AMR)

The P-CSCF is the 1st SIP proxy seen by the terminal

Visited Network HSS

Internet PSTN/PLMN network

SIP / SDP SIP / SDP SIP / SDP

SGSN GGSN Data- Path GGSN SGSN

PDP Context PDP Context

Each message begins with a start line

Method Request URI Protocol version

e.g.: INVITE sip:alice@domain.com SIP/2.0

Status line (in an answer) Start line

Login to the Inbound/Outbound

SAA:Server Assignment Ans.