eljuq dynasty

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Seljuk Turks redirects here. For the territory over which they ruled, see Seljuk
Empire.
Not to be confused with Seleucid Empire.
Seljuq dynasty
Country Seljuk Empire
Sultanate of Rum
Titles
Sultan of Seljuq Empire
Sultan of Rum
Emir of Damascus
Emir of Aleppo
Founded 10th century Seljuq
Dissolution
Damascus
1104 Baqtash was dethroned by Toghtekin Great Seljuq
1194 Toghrul III was killed in battle with Tekish

Rum
1307 Mesud II died
The Seljuq dynasty or Seljuk Turks[1][2][3](s?ld??k SEL-juuk; Persian ?? ?????[4]??
Al-e Saljuq) was an Oghuz Turk Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became a
Persianate society and contributed to the Turko-Persian tradition[5][6] in the
medieval West and Central Asia. The Seljuqs established both the Seljuk Empire and
Sultanate of Rum, which at their heights stretched from Anatolia through Iran and
were targets of the First Crusade.

Contents [hide]
1 Early history
2 Later period
3 Seljuq leaders
3.1 Rulers of the Seljuq Dynasty
3.2 Seljuq sultans of Hamadan
3.3 Seljuq rulers of Kerman
3.4 Seljuq rulers in Syria
3.5 Seljuq sultans of Rum (Anatolia)
4 Gallery
5 Family tree
6 See also
7 Notes
8 Further reading
Early history[edit]
The Seljuqs originated from the Qynyk branch of the Oghuz Turks,[7][8][9][10] who
in the 9th century lived on the periphery of the Muslim world, north of the Caspian
Sea and Aral Sea in their Yabghu Khaganate of the Oghuz confederacy,[11] in the
Kazakh Steppe of Turkestan.[12] During the 10th century, due to various events, the
Oghuz had come into close contact with Muslim cities.[13]

When Seljuq, the leader of the Seljuq clan, had a falling out with Yabghu, the
supreme chieftain of the Oghuz, he split his clan off from the bulk of the Tokuz-
Oghuz and set up camp on the west bank of the lower Syr Darya. Around 985, Seljuq
converted to Islam.[13] In the 11th century the Seljuqs migrated from their
ancestral homelands into mainland Persia, in the province of Khurasan, where they
encountered the Ghaznavid empire. In 1025, 40,000 families of Oghuz Turks migrated
to the area of Caucasian Albania.[14] The Seljuqs defeated the Ghaznavids at the
Battle of Nasa plains in 1035. Tughril, Chaghri, and Yabghu received the insignias
of governor, grants of land, and were given the title of dehqan.[15] At the Battle
of Dandanaqan they defeated a Ghaznavid army, and after a successful siege of
Isfahan by Tughril in 105051,[16] they established an empire later called the Great
Seljuk Empire. The Seljuqs mixed with the local population and adopted the Persian
culture and Persian language in the following decades.[17][18][19][20][21]

Later period[edit]
After arriving in Persia, the Seljuqs adopted the Persian culture and used the
Persian language as the official language of the government,[17][18][22][23][24]
[25][26][27][28] and played an important role in the development of the Turko-
Persian tradition which features Persian culture patronized by Turkic rulers.[29]
Today, they are remembered as great patrons of Persian culture, art, literature,
and language.[17][18][19] The Seljuq dynasty also bequeathed their Turkic language
to the present-day inhabitants of the Republic of Azerbaijan (historically known as
Shirvan and Arran), Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan, also known as Iranian
Azerbaijan), Turkmenistan, and Turkey (whose inhabitants are primarily descended
from the Indo-European-speaking Ancient Anatolians).

Seljuq leaders[edit]
Rulers of the Seljuq Dynasty[edit]
The Great Seljuqs were heads of the family; in theory their authority extended over
all the other Seljuq lines, although in practice this often was not the case.
Turkish custom called for the senior member of the family to be the Great Seljuq,
although usually the position was associated with the ruler of western Persia.

Titular Name(s) Personal Name Reign

Bey
???? Tughril
????? 1037-1063
Sultan
?????? Alp Arslan
??? ??????? 1063-1072
Sultan
??????
Jalal al-Dawlah
???? ?????? ? Malik Shah I
??? ??? ??? ? 1072-1092
Sultan
??????
Nasir al-Duniya wa al-Din
???? ?????? ?????? ? Mahmud bin Malik Shah
????? ?? ??? ??? ? 1092-1094
Sultan
??????
Abul Muzaffar Rukn al-Duniya wa al-Din
??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? Barkiyaruq bin Malik Shah
???????? ?? ??? ???? 10941105
Sultan
??????
Muizz al-Din
??? ????? ? Malik Shah II
??? ??? ?????? ? 1105
Sultan
??????
Ghiyath al-Duniya wa al-Din
???? ?????? ?????? ? Muhammad Tapar
???? ???? ? 1105-1118
Sultan
??????
Muizz al-Din
??? ????? ? Ahmad Sanjar
???? ????? 11181153
Khwarazmian dynasty replaces the Seljuq dynasty. From 1157, the Oghuz took control
of much of Khurasan, with the remainder in the hands of former Seljuq emirs.
Muhammad's son Mahmud II succeeded him in western Persia, but Ahmad Sanjar, who was
the governor of Khurasan at the time being the senior member of the family, became
the Great Seljuq Sultan.
Seljuq sultans of Hamadan[edit]

The Great Seljuq Empire in 1092, upon the death of Malik Shah I[30]
The rulers of western Persia, who maintained a very loose grip on the Abbasids of
Baghdad. Several Turkic emirs gained a strong level of influence in the region,
such as the Eldiduzids.

Mahmud II 11181131
1131-1134 disputed between
Dawud
Mas'ud (in Jibal and Iranian Azerbaijan) 1131
Toghrul II 11321134
Mas'ud 11331152
Malik Shah III 11521153
Muhammad II
Suleiman Shah 11601161
Arslan Shah 11611174
Toghrul III 11741194
In 1194, Tugrul III was killed in battle with the Khwarezm Shah, who annexed
Hamadan.

Seljuq rulers of Kerman[edit]