Psycholinguistics

Language Production and Perception

Prepared By:

Nelyska Nisyana F E1D114079

M. Zainul Ridho E1D114067
Naelul Qirom E1D114078
Mahani E1D1140

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

Mataram University
2017
Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION
1. Background of Study
Language is very important in every aspect of human beings life. It is found that
in everyday life, language is used to express the feelings and the thoughts of human
being. To deliver the language, there are some processes which are should be passed by
human being to make the thoughts becoming a language. The processes are the auditory
to a persons psychic condition. A language use between a happy person and a sad or
angry person are different, including all the different condition of a person. The different
conditions can make a significant difference in acquisitioning and using a language.

In terms of language acquisition, a person who has been educated using the mother
tongue properly and correctly will be accustomed to use a good and correct language. On
the other hand, a person who has been educated by a bad mother tongue in case that a
person has not been educated properly and correctly will be accustomed to use a bad and
incorrect language. In the case of the condition, a persons language ability is also related
to his/her biological condition.

Form a very existence relationship between a persons psychic condition and the
language includes the process of language production and perception, it is necessary to
describe several things about it in this paper in titled Language Production and
Perception in Human Beings Life. In hope, it can be useful for the readers.

2. Research Questions
2.1 What is a language?

2.1.1 What is a language production?

2.1.2 What is a language perception?
2.1.3 What are a comprehension, and a language comprehension?
2.2 What are the approaches in comprehension of a language?
2.3 What are the stages of processing a language?
2.4 What is a Transformational Reaction Time?
2.5 How does a Transformational Reaction Time work?
2.6 What are the types of error in language production?
3. Purposes
 3.1 To understand a language.
3.1.1 To understand a language production.
3.1.2 To understand a language perception.
3.1.3 To understand a language comprehension.
3.2 To understand the approaches in comprehension of a language.
3.3 To understand the stages of processing a language.
3.4 To understand a Transformational Reaction Time.
3.5 To understand how a Transformational Reaction Time works.
3.6 To know the errors in language production/

II. DISCUSSION

A language based on Chomsky (1957)

The production of languages requires episodic memory and semantic memory, especially
when one wants to produce language based on experience embedded in memory. One can
bring the language back when it has stored the words in its memory. The words stored in
memory are generally words that the speaker has understood. Therefore, language production
is closely related to language comprehension. Some assume that language production is a
reflection of one's understanding of previous language / verbal input.

Language production also involves verbal behavior, so the skinner operant approach also
applies to language production. According to the approach, creativity in the form of
production of various verbal responses is the result of various causes. Verbal behavior is
determined by stories of previous verbal reinforcement and situations at the time.

Osgood and Bock (1975) proves the truth of the philosopher in the elements in the
production of language consisting of the naturalness, the graduation, and the motivation of
the speaker. Assumptions related to naturalness, eg, comprehension and sentence production
depend on the cognitive structure that comes from the speaker's experience. The principle of
graduation says that the components of meaning that include extreme semantic code,
especially those present in the dominant affective features of evaluation, potential and
activity will tend to be processed more quickly. Thus, the expressed constituents will tend to
appear earlier in the production of sentences. Speaker motivation refers to individual
differences in terms of motivation and awareness that appear on the components of the
meaning of the sentence is spoken. The higher the motivation revealed by the constituent's
faster component of meaning reveals that component appears in speech speakers of the
language.

Language production is examined through variables that affect the kefasehan and the content
of verbal input. Phasease is measured through several words or sentences spoken or written
over a period of time. The determination of the verbal input content can be known from the
choice of words and the order of the words in the sentence. Kefasehan and word choice
associated with the syntax, semantic and pragmatic variables. In short, it depends on the
grammatical, associative, cognitive, and demands and limitations of the communication
situation.

Four levels of speech production:

1. Message level, message processing to be delivered

2. Functional level, namely the selection of lexical forms and subsequent rendering of
syntactic roles and functions

3. Positional level, ie the formation of constituents and affixes

4. Phonological level, namely the realization of phonological structure of speech

In speech production, the speaker starts with a plan that includes the determination of the
subject or topic to be said, the sentence will be uttered, and the constituent will be involved
in the utterance. The next step is the implementation of speech by determining articulation
and how to articulate. (Clark and Clark, 1977: 22)

Language perception