PHOTOSYNTHESIS

A chemical combination caused by the action of light;

specifically, the formation of carbohydrates from carbon
dioxide and water in the chlorophyll tissue of plants under the
influence of light.

Is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some

protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar,
which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the "fuel" used
by all living things.
Is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy
and storing it in the bonds of sugar. This process occurs in
plants and some algae (Kingdom Protista). Plants need only
light energy, CO2, and H2O to make sugar. The process of
photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, specifically
using chlorophyll, the green pigment involved in
photosynthesis.

Is the process by which plants use the energy of light to

produce carbohydrates and molecular oxygen (O 2) from
carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water.
 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION AND
REQUIREMENTS
Photosynthesis essentially turns light energy into chemical
energy.

The light energy excites the chlorophyll which funnels this

energy to the electron in the thylakoid membrane. This energy
is then used to eventually create an H+ gradient which gives
ATP synthase (enzyme complex) enough potential energy to
produce ATP from ADP and Phosphates.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CO2 H2O LIGHT ENERGY

SIMPLE
CARBOHYDRATE

O2

+
LIGHT AND DARK
HEAT
REACTION OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Also known as 'oxidative metabolism', is one of the key ways a cell gains useful
energy. It is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place
in organisms' cells to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The reactions involved in
respiration are catabolic reactions that involve the oxidation of one molecule and
the reduction of another.

Nutrients commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include glucose,

amino and fatty acids, and a common oxidizing agent (electron acceptor) is
molecular oxygen (O2). Bacteria and Archaea can also be lithotrophs and these
organisms may respire using a broad range of inorganic molecules as electron
donors and acceptors, such as sulfur, metal ions, methane or hydrogen. Organisms
that use oxygen as a final electron acceptor in respiration are described
as aerobic, while those that do not are referred to as anaerobic.

The energy released in respiration is used to synthesize ATP to store this energy.
The energy stored in ATP can then be used to drive processes requiring energy,
including biosynthesis, locomotion or transportation of molecules across cell
membranes.
The most efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food is
through cellular respiration, a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). ATP, a high energy molecule, is expended by working cells.
Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It has three
main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport.