Chng 4:

AM BAO AN TOAN KHI

THIET KE X NGHIEP.

I- PHAN LOAI X NGHIEP.

II- YEU CAU VE TONG MAT BANG CUA
TOAN X NGHIEP
III- YEU CAU OI VI CAC XNG SAN XUAT.
IV- CAP - THOAT VA X LY NC THAI.

Bin son: L QU C 1
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I- PHAN LOAI X NGHIEP.

1- Da theo loi cac chat oc hai

Loai 1: Lien quan en san xuat Nit, clo, cloruaetylen, thuy ngan.
Loai 2: Lien quan en san xuat este, cao su tong hp, amonac
Loai 3: Lien quan en san xuat andehit, phenon, cac loai nha
nhan tao
Loai 4: Lien quan en san xuat glixerin, xa phong, si nhan tao..
Loai 5: Lien quan en san xuat dioxit, oxy, chat deo.

Bin son: L QU C 2
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I- PHAN LOAI X NGHIEP.

2- Da theo mc o nguy hiem ve chay

Hang A: Lien quan en s/x: chat long ma nhiet o bung chay <
280c. Chat long hoac ran gay chay no khi gap nc
hoac khong kh.
Hang B: Lien quan en s/x: Cac chat long co nhiet o bung chay
29 1200c. Cac chat ran co nhiet o boc chay <2000c.
Hang C: Lien quan en san xuat: cac chat long co nhiet o
bung chay >1200c. Tai che cac chat ran. Khi ot nhien
lieu ran
Hang D: Lien quan en s/x : Gia cong cac vat lieu khong chay
khi nung nong, nau chay. Khi ot nhien lieu ran, long
Hang : Lien quan en s/x: D tr cac chat va vat lieu khong
chay trang thai nguoi
Bin son: L QU C 3
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II- YEU CAU VE TONG MAT BANG
CUA TOAN X NGHIEP

1- Cac nguyen tac chon khu at va bo tr nha ca cong trnh

Khu at phai bang phang va co o doc.

De tieu nc va tham nc.
Tranh chat oc thai ra, tranh tran la va tac dung no cac
vung lan can.
Vung at cua x nghiep va cac vung dan c, ng giao
thong phai co khoang cach an toan.
Khoang cach gia cac nha trong x nghiep phai co khoang
cach ro rang.
Kho bai cha nguyen vat lieu, nang lng v.v bo tr vung
rieng biet.
Trong cay xanh e am bao ve sinh cong nghiep.

Bin son: L QU C 4
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II- YEU CAU VE TONG MAT BANG
CUA TOAN X NGHIEP

2- ieu kien ve sinh

a) Chu y hng mat tri, hng gio chnh e dung chieu sang va
thong gio t nhien. Chu y mach nc ngam va tieu thoat nc.
b) Bo tr cac x nghiep hoac cac xng khi s/xuat co thoat hi oc
cuoi hng gio va cach ly bang vung bao ve ve sinh.
c) e chieu sang t nhien tot th khoang cach gia cac nha nen:
B = (H + h)/2
B: Khoang cach gia cac nha
H, h: chieu cao cac nha canh nhau.
- Vi nha ch U hoac E th khoang cach tren khong nho hn 15m.
- Vi nha kn 4 ben th khong nho hn 20 met.
d) Chu y ng giao thong: neu chung giao nhau th lam o cao khac
nhau. Nen bo tr thang goc neu c va co bien bao.
Bin son: L QU C 5
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II- YEU CAU VE TONG MAT BANG
CUA TOAN X NGHIEP

3- An toan phong chay, no.

a- Khoang cach an toan phong chay:

Khi xac nh khoang cach phong chay can da theo kha
nang co the lam boc chay cac nha va cong trnh ben
canh di tac dung cua bc xa, cua dong oi lu, cua tia
la hoac tiep xuc trc tiep vi ngon la:
Bang (4 1) va (4 2).

b- ng i va ng i qua:
ng cho xe cha chay i ca hai pha, nha may co dien
tch >10ha th i c ca 4 pha.
Loi vao cho xe > 6met va phai co cho quay au xe.

Bin son: L QU C 6
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II- YEU CAU VE TONG MAT BANG
CUA TOAN X NGHIEP

3- An toan phong chay, no.

c- Khoang cach an toan phong no:

Khi thit k cn ch
Khoang cach ma s chan ong cua at do ket qua no
khong gay ra s pha huy nha va cong trnh:
Khoang cach an toan cho nha va cong trnh di tac
dung cua song xung kch khong kh gay ra kh no:
Khoang cach an toan cho ngi thi cong di tac dung
cua song xung kch khong kh gay ra kh no:

Bin son: L QU C 7
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III- YEU CAU OI VI CAC XNG SAN XUAT.

Khi thiet ke xng san xuat can chu y cac yeu cau: Kch
thc, the tch, dien tch, chieu cao, thong go, chieu sang,
cach am, cach nhiet, ket cau phai ben vng chui lc cu the:
1- Kch thc: tuy theo ieu kien san xuat, nhiet o, o am ma
chon: Dien tch 4 -5m2/mot cong nhan the tch khong kh
14m3/mot cong nhan Chu y en chieu cao cua tran, san lam
viec
2- Bo tr phong va thiet b s/xuat: Thiet b thoat hi, kh nang hn
khong kh th cho tang mot. Khong nen lam tran e viec
thong gio va chieu sang t nhien c tot hn v.v
3- Ket cau nha s/xuat: Ben vng, co tnh chui la, hoa chat, co
tnh chong tham va chong am, chong on.
4- Nha phu va khu phuc vu: Van phong xng, phong tam, thay
quan ao, nha ve sinh .
Tham khao trong gia o son:
Bin trnhLTHIE T KE NHA MAY C KH 8
QU C
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IV- CAP - THOAT VA X LY NC THAI.

1- cap nc - tieu chuan cap thoat nc

a- Nc dung che bien thc pham co yeu cau nh nc an.

b- Nc lam nguoi may, tay ra nguyen lieu, ket hp vi nc phong
chay cha chay.
c- Nc phai lam mem, kh sat trc khi s dung: cho noi hi, trong
ky nghe det nhuom
d- Ch cho phep noi mang chung nc sinh hoat, nc san xuat,
cha chay khi nao chung am bao thoa man yeu cau cua nc
sinh hoat.
e- Tieu chuan cap - thoat nc c xac nh theo au ngi, n v
san pham, n v thi gian lam viec cua thiet b.
f- Tieu chuan cap - thoat nc sinh hoat tuy thuoc ieu kien ve sinh
tng nha, vao kh hau va tap quan sinh hoat cua tng vung.
Bin son: L QU C 9
Bang (4 3), (4 4) va (4 5).
 .
IV- CAP - THOAT VA X LY NC THAI.

2- Thoat nc thai.

a) Nc thai sinh hoat: thoat ra t ni an uong tam, ra ho x,

ho tieu No co nhieu chat hu c va vi trung nen phai s ly
trc khi thai ra song ho.
b) Nc thai cong nghiep: thoat ra t cac nha may, x nghiep
a qua s dung trong qua trnh san xuat.
Tuy theo o ban ta chia ra:
> Nc thai sach: khong tiep xuc vi chat oc hai.
> Nc thai ban: Nc thai t cac x nghiep hoac thiet
b, cong oan co chat oc hai. V vay trc khi thai
can phai x ly.

Bin son: L QU C 10
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IV- CAP - THOAT VA X LY NC THAI.

3- X ly nc thai noi chung

a) Phng phap c hoc: Dung cac thiet b va cong trnh e gi

lai cac chat khong hoa tan, cac chat keo trong nc thai
theo s o:
b) Phng phap sinh hoc:
Da vao hoat ong cua cac vi sinh vat co trong nc thai e
phan huy cac chat hu c lam sach nc thai. Phng phap
sinh hoc thng i sau phng phap c hoc e lam sach vi
mc o cao hn.
Lu : Sau khi x ly nc co the chay trc tiep ra song ho luc o
can am bao nhu cau oxy hoa cua vi sinh vat:

Bin son: L QU C 11