Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Physics 8.03
Exam 2 Solutions
Tuesday, November 23, 2004

Solution for Problem 1

(a) Boundary condition is Ey = 0 at x = 0, L

E(x, z, t) = E0 sin(kx x) cos(t + kz z)
y (1)
n
for the nth mode, kx = L , where n = 1, 2, 3 . . .



= B

(b) Faradays law

E
t

Ey Ey


E

= z x

x z
= kx E0 cos(kx x) cos(t + kz z)
z + kz E0 sin(kx x) sin(t + kz z)
x (2)

kz kx
B(x,

x E0 cos(kx x) sin(t + kz z)
z, t) = E0 sin(kx x) cos(t + kz z) z (3)

n
again for the nth mode, kx = L ,
where n = 1, 2, 3 . . .
n
(c) 2 = c2 (kx2 + kz2 ) = c ( L )2 + kz2
2 n 2 1/2 1 2 nc 2 1/2
kz = = (4)
c2 L c L
Phase velocity
kc c
vpz = = = 2 1/2 (5)
kz kz nc
2 L

Group velocity

d kz c c2 c 2 nc 2 1/2
vgrz = = = kz = (6)
dkz k L
c
(d) n = 1, kz = 0, = L
(e) Now = kz c vpz = c and vgrz = c.

There is No dispersion!

There is No cut-o frequency!

Solution to Problem 2

(a) The force applied to this charged particle is

F
= q(
v B)

= m
a (7)

which equals the centripetal force for the circular motion, that is,

v02
m|
a| = m (8)
R

At t = 0,
v B


= v0 B0 (y), therefore

v02
mv0
qv0 B0 = m R= (9)
R qB0
qB0
(b) v0 = R = m
(c) The acceleration of the particle

v02

a(t) = sin(t)x cos(t)
y
R
v0 qB0
= x + cos(t)
sin(t) y (10)
m
r0
(d) Observer at +r0 z, t
= t c

v0 qB0

a = sin(t
)
x + cos(t
)
y (11)
m
Thus

q 2 v0 B0



E(t) = sin(t )
x + cos(t )
y (12)
40 c2 mr0

It is circularly polarized radiation.

(e) The radiation is elliptically polarized.

2
Solution to Problem 3
(a) At t = 0, all energy is potential.

Potential energy density (see French 7-32)

dU 1 y 2
= T (13)
dx 2 x
Energy conservation gives
L
1 y 2
Etotal = U (t = 0) = T dx (14)
2 0 x

where
y 2 4 2x 3 x 2
= cos + cos (15)
x L L L L
2 L
y
The cross term in x will NOT contribute to the integral 0 , thus
L
1 2 L
2
2x x
Etotal = T 16 cos dx + 9 cos2 dx
2 L2 0 L 0 L
25T 2
= (16)
4L

(b) The displacement at time t is obtained as following:

v2 2v T
= , = , v = (17)

2 2
1 = v = v, 2 = 21 = v (18)
2L L L

at t = 0, the string stands still, thus

x 2x
y(x, t) = 3 sin cos(1 t) + 2 sin cos(2 t) (19)
L L
2 standing waves.
(c) After a time 21 , the shape 1 has made one complete oscillation. In that same time, shape
2
has made two complete oscillations. Thus, after 21 = 2L
2L
v = v seconds, the shape will be the
same as at time t = 0.

3
Solution to Problem 4
(a) Reection at normal incidence:

Er n1 n2
= = 0.2 (20)
Ei n1 + n2
Thus 4% will be reected. There is no dierence between the and the  components.
2
The ratio of light intensity (W/m2 ) is E
Ei
r
= 0.04 = 4%.
(b) The reected and the transmitted light is still circularly polarized as r and t are the same for
the and  components at normal incidence.
(c) Light intensity is the product of the Poynting vector and the cross-sectional area of the light
beam. As the light enters the prism, the cross-sectional area is the same as that of the incident
beam because 1 = 2 = 0.

B
<E
> |E| |E|n
< S >= , |B| = = (21)
0 v c

< Ei2 > n1 < Et2 > n2

< Si >= , < St >= , n1 = 1, n2 = 1.5 (22)
0 c 0 c
Et 2n1
Since Ei = n1 +n2 = 0.8,

< St >
= (0.8)2 1.5 = 0.96 (23)
< Si >
96% enters!

4
(d) At the surface AC, 100% of the light will be reected. The angle of incidence, 1 , is larger
than the critical angle.
n2 1.0
1 = 45 crit = 41.8 sin crit = = (24)
n1 1.5
Remember, 1 is where you are, 2 is where you are going.
n1 n2
(e) The reection r = n1 +n2 = 0.2, thus 4% will be reected.
This is 4% of the 96% of I0 .

Thus 96% (of 96%) will emerge in air.