Back - To - Basics Back - To - Basics: Fire Alarm Seminar

FIRE
Back - to - Basics
Fire Alarm Seminar
FIRE
Agenda
n What is a Fire Alarm System?

n FA Circuits (Classes & Styles)
n Peripherals in Brief
n How to Wire a Building
n Voltage Drop Considerations
n Old & Obsolete FA Panels and

Concepts
z AC Systems
z Series Signals
z Obsolete Panels
FIRE
What is a Fire Alarm

FIRE
What is a Fire Alarm System?

n The main purpose of a fire alarm system is to protect life
and property by giving early warning of a fire, so that the
occupants can evacuate and/or the Fire Department can
respond.
n A system must be able to detect the initiation of a fire

condition, but also notify someone such as emergency
personnel, the ocupants of the facility, or both.
FIRE
Fire Alarm System Components

n Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
n Initiating Devices
n Notification Appliances
n Emergency Control
n Supplementary Equipment
FIRE
Logic/Control
Fire Alarm Control Panel

IDCs User Interface NACs
Power AUX
Program Relays
Supply Distribution
Hardware /
Software City
BATT
Ckt
120 VAC
FIRE
Fire Alarm Control Panel Components
n Control Unit
n Initiating Device Circuits (IDCs)
n Notification Appliance Circuits (NACs)
n Auxiliary Circuits
n Power Supply
FIRE
Logic/Control

IDC User Interface NACs
SLC
Power AUX
Primary Program Relays
Supply Distribution
Hardware /
Software City
Secondary BATT
Ckt
120 VAC
FIRE
Initiating Devices
FIRE
NFPA Fire Alarm Circuits

n The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
classifies circuit Types and dictate their Performance
FIRE
NFPA Circuit Types

n Initiating Device Circuits (IDC)
z A circuit to which automatic or manual initiating
devices are connected where the signal received does
not identify the individual device operated
z Zone
FIRE
Inputs Outputs
Initiating Devices Logic/Control Notification Appliances
and Emergency Controls
SMK DET Bells/Horns

Manual Station
PULL
Strobe
Simplex
Power AUX F
I
Program Relays R
Waterflow Supply E
Distribution
Hardware /
Software Smoke Control
WF City
BATT
Ckt
Sprinkler Door Holders
Tamper
ZONE 1 ZONE 5 ZONE 9
Simplex ZONE 3 ZONE 7 ZONE 11

Fire Department
120 VAC Printer
CRT/KBD or Annunciators
PC Interface
FIRE
Initiating Devices
n Manual Stations PULL
Simplex
n Automatic Fire Detectors

z Heat Detectors
z Smoke Detectors
z Flame (UV/IR) Detectors
z Gas Detectors
n Water Flow WF
n Supervisory Switches
z Sprinkler Valve Tamper
z Tank Water Level
FIRE
How They Work - Contact Devices
Normal State
FIRE
How They Work - Contact Devices
Normal State Alarm State

FIRE
How They Work - Current Limited Devices
Normal State
Electronics
FIRE
How They Work - Current Limited Devices
Normal State Alarm State
Electronics Electronics
FIRE
NFPA Fire Alarm Circuits

n Two basic circuit Classes existed prior to 1993
z Class B - Non-redundant
z Class A - Redundant
n In 1993 NFPA introduced circuit Styles in order to clarify

the difference in circuit operation made available by new
hardware and software
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

z Class B (Style B)
FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE
BREAK GLASS BREAK GLASS BREAK GLASS

PULL DOWN PULL DOWN PULL DOWN
Simplex Simplex Simplex

FIRE
CLASS B (Style B)
Normal Operation
IDC Module
+
_
Typical Normally Open

Device
2ND FLOOR NORTH HALLWAY
NORMAL
FIRE PRIORITY 2 SYSTEM SYSTEM ALARM POWER
ALARM ALARM SUPERVISORY TROUBLE SILENCED

ON
ALARM ALARM SUPV TBL ALARM SYSTEM

ACK ACK ACK ACK SILENCE RESET
ACKNOWLEDGE
Class B (Style B)
Alarm (SHORT) Operation
IDC Module
+
_
1ST FLOOR
2ND FLOOR
ELECTRICAL
NORTHCLOSET
HALLWAY
ROOM 102
SMOKE DETECTOR ALARM

ON

ACKNOWLEDGE
Class B (Style B)
Trouble (OPEN) Condition
IDC Module
+
_
Class B (Style B)
IDC Module
+
_
This device can not operate

1ST FLOOR
2ND FLOOR
ELECTRICAL
NORTHCLOSET
HALLWAY
ROOM 102
SMOKE DETECTOR TROUBLE
ALARM

ON

ACKNOWLEDGE
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

z Class A (Style D)
FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE
BREAK GLASS BREAK GLASS BREAK GLASS

PULL DOWN PULL DOWN PULL DOWN
Simplex Simplex Simplex

FIRE
Class A (Style D)
Normal Operation
IDC Module
+
_
Class A (Style D)
Alarm (SHORT) Operation
IDC Module
+
_
Class A (Style D)
IDC Module
*
+
_
*
* Contacts Close on
Trouble Condition
Class A (Style D)
Trouble & Alarm Condition
IDC Module
*
+
_
*
* Contacts Close on
Trouble Condition
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

z Class B (Style B)
Smoke Detectors - 4 wire

Relay Base
Class B (Style B)
Normal Operation
Resetable +
R
E
Power Circuit L
A
Y
_
IDC Zone
+
Zone Circuit
_
Form C Aux Contacts

Class B (Style B)
Trouble Condition
Resetable +
R
E
L
A
Y
_
IDC Zone
+
_
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

z Class B (Style B)
Smoke Detectors - 2 wire (Current Limited)

Class B (Style B)
Normal Operation
IDC Module
MicroRelay Form A Aux Contacts

Class B (Style B)
Alarm Condition
IDC Module
_
FIRE
Current Limited (2-wire) Limitations

n Fire alarm panels are designed to work with specific
types of 2-wire Detectors
n There is a limitation to the Quantity of detectors

which can be placed on a single circuit
n Only auxiliary output function can be guaranteed on

a single circuit
Smoke Detectors - 2 wire (Current Limited)

FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

z Class B (Style B)
Sprinkler
Tamper
Combination Circuits
WF
FIRE
This would cause a trouble signal

Old School Must be a Supervisory signal
Not Allowed
WF
Class B (Style B)
Normal Condition
WF
IDC Module
_
Class B (Style B)
Valve Tamper Condition
WF
IDC Module
_
MAIN
1STRISER
FLOOR- EAST
ELECTRICAL
ENTRANCE
CLOSET ROOM 102
SMOKE DETECTOR
TAMPER ALARM
SUPERV

ON

ACKNOWLEDGE
Class B (Style B)
Waterflow Condition
WF
IDC Module
_
MAIN
1STRISER
FLOOR- EAST
ELECTRICAL
ENTRANCE
CLOSET ROOM 102
SMOKE DETECTOR
WATERFLOW ALARM
ALARM

ON

ACKNOWLEDGE
FIRE
+ Tamper Supervisory
+
Waterflow Alarm
_ WF
FIRE
Notification Appliances
FIRE
NFPA Circuit Types

n Notification Appliance Circuits (NAC)
z A circuit or path directly connected to a notification
appliance(s)
FIRE
Inputs Outputs
SMK DET Bells/Horns

Manual Station
PULL
Strobe
Simplex
Power AUX F
I
Program Relays R
Waterflow Supply E
Distribution
Hardware /
WF City
BATT
Ckt
Tamper

Fire Department
120 VAC Printer
PC Interface
FIRE
Notification Appliances
n Audibles
z Horns
z Bells/Chimes
z Speakers
n Visuals
z Xenon Strobes
y Non-synchronized
y Synchronized
n Combination Devices
n Firefighters Telephones
FIRE
How They Work - DC Devices

(Horns, Bells, Strobes, etc.)
Normal State -
+
- +
- Cathode -
+ Anode +
+ -
FIRE
How They Work - DC Devices (Horns,

Bells, Strobes, etc.)
Normal State
Supervisory Mode
- Activated State
Alarm Mode
+
Monitor Mode
+ -
FIRE
How They Work - AC Devices (Speakers)
Normal State -
+
Current
-
- Cathode
- 0.00
24 VDC
24 VDC +
+ Anode
+ EOL
Value
0.00
Resistance
-
- Cathode
24 VDC
+ Anode
+
Alarm Mode = Remove DC monitoring and Output Signal (AC)
-
24 VDC
+
Audio Signal
FIRE
Normal State
-
+
FIRE
Normal State - Activated State AC
+ AC
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

z Class B (Style Y)
FIRE
Class B (Style Y)
Normal Operation
NAC Module
+
2ND FLOOR NORTH HALLWAY
SIGNALS NORMAL

ON

ACKNOWLEDGE
Class B (Style Y)
Alarm Condition
NAC Module
_
Class B (Style Y)
Trouble Condition
NAC Module
+
This device can not operate
1ST FLOOR
2ND FLOOR
ELECTRICAL
NORTHCLOSET
HALLWAY
ROOM 102
SMOKE
SIGNALS
DETECTOR TROUBLE
ALARM

ON

ACKNOWLEDGE
Class B (Style Y)
Alarm Condition
NAC Module
_
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

z Class A (Style Z)
FIRE
Class A (Style Z)
Normal Operation
NAC Module
+
Class A (Style Z)
Alarm Condition
NAC Module
*
+
_
*
* Contacts Close on
Alarm Condition
Class A (Style Z)
Trouble Condition
NAC Module
+
Class A (Style Z)
Trouble & Alarm Condition
NAC Module
*
+
_
*
* Contacts Close on
Alarm Condition
FIRE
Phone Circuit
Phone Jack
+ 5k EOL
_
300
5k EOL = Normal
300 = Phone plugged in
Open = Trouble
Short = Trouble
GF = Trouble
FIRE
Signaling Lines
FIRE
NFPA Circuit Types

n Signaling Line Circuits (SLC)
z A circuit or path between any combination of circuit
interfaces, control units, or transmitters over which
multiple system input signals or output signals, or
both are carried
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

z Class B (Style 4)
FIRE
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
NormalSystems
Operation
Control Panel Interrogation
101 What is your status?
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
NormalSystems
Operation
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal 101 Status: Normal

102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Device Response
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
NormalSystems
Operation
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
NormalSystems
Operation
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Status: Alarm
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Device Response
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
NormalSystems
Operation
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
NormalSystems
Operation
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal 103 Status: Trouble

102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Device Response
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
NormalSystems
Operation
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
NormalSystems
Operation
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory

102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Normal
Device Response
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
TroubleSystems
Condition
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
TroubleSystems
Condition
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory

102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Device Response
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
TroubleSystems
Condition
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
TroubleSystems
Condition
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Status: Alarm
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Device Response
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
TroubleSystems
Condition
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
TroubleSystems
Condition
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 No Answer
104 Trouble
Device Response
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
TroubleSystems
Condition
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 No Answer
104 Trouble
Class B (Style 4)
Addressable
TroubleSystems
Condition
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 No Answer
104 No Answer
Device Response
FIRE
NFPA Wiring Styles

z Class A (Style 6)
FIRE
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable Systems
Trouble Condition - OPEN
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable Systems
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory

102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Device Response
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable Systems
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable Systems
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Status: Alarm
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
Device Response
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable Systems
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble

Class A (Style 6)
Addressable Systems
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble
103 Status: Trouble
Device Response
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable Systems
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Trouble

Class A (Style 6)
Addressable Systems
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 Normal
102 Alarm
103 Trouble
104 Normal
104 Status: Normal
Device Response
Class A (Style 6)
Addressable Systems
Trouble Condition - SHORT
101 102 103 104

FACP Memory
101 No Answer
SLC Failure
102 No Answer
103 No Answer
104 No Answer
Catastrophic Failure
FIRE
FIRE
Style 7 (Class A) Network

Signalling Line Circuit, Normal Operation
FIRE
Token

Signalling Line Circuit, Normal Operation
FIRE
Token

Signalling Line Circuit, Operation With a Single Short or
Open
FIRE
Token
Token

Signalling Line Circuit, Operation with Multiple Shorts
or Opens
MODULES
n MONITOR
n RELAY
n SIGNAL
n MONITOR
n Relay Module,
z Control Module, Control ZAM
n Signal
Module
n Signal
FIRE
n MONITOR
FIRE
n MONITOR
n MONITOR
FIRE
Addressable Devices - IAM

n Individual Addressable Module
z Addressable Station
z Addressable Base
y Photo
y Ionization
y Heat
z Supervised IAM
y Monitors a single conventional contact device
z IAM Relay (ID Net only)
n Obtains operating power from SLC

Supervised IAM
SLC
+
_
Typical Normally Open

Device
FIRE
Addressable Devices - ZAM

n Zone Addressable Module
z Interfaces with a Zone of Conventional Devices
z Monitoring Devices
y Class B Monitor ZAM
y Class A Monitor ZAM
y 4-Wire Monitor ZAM
z Control Devices
y Unsupervised Control ZAM
y Supervised Signal ZAM
n Obtains operating power from a separate source

Class B Monitor ZAM
+
Operating
Power
_
SLC +
_
Class A Monitor ZAM
+
Operating
Power
_
SLC +
_
4-Wire Monitor ZAM
+ + R
E
Operating Resetable L
Power Power A
Y
_ _
SLC
+
_
Control ZAM
+ Normally
Operating Open
Power Normally
_ Closed
SLC
1 Relay
Normally
Open
Normally
Closed
Signal ZAM
+
Operating
Power
_
_
SLC
+
SIGNAL
Power
INTELLIGENT DEVICES
MODULES
n MONITOR
n RELAY
n SIGNAL
Single Input Contact Module
SIGA-CT1
n Four Assignable Personalities

z Alarm, Supervisory, Waterflow
(delayed latching retard),
Monitor
n 1-gang Mount
Dual Input Contact Module
SIGA-CT2
n Four Separate Assignable

Personalities to Each Input
z Alarm, Supervisory, Waterflow
(delayed latching retard),
Monitor
n 1-gang Mount
Monitor Module
SIGA-MM1
n Factory Pre-loaded Monitor

Function
z Saves installation time
n 1-gang Mount
Waterflow/Tamper Module
SIGA-WTM
n Factory Pre-loaded Waterflow

(16 second delayed latching
retard) and Supervisory Input
z Saves installation time
n 1-gang Mount
Single Circuit Control Module
SIGA-CC1
n Switch Signal Riser
n Single Riser Select
z 2 amps @ 24 Vdc
n Two Assignable z 50 watts @ 25 Vaudio
Personalities
z 35 watts @ 70Vaudio
n Switch Telphone Riser
z Built-in RING TONE
generator for fire
phones
n 2-gang Mount
Dual Circuit Control Module
SIGA-CC2
n Dual Riser Select
n Select Signal Riser

z 2 amps @ 24 Vdc
z 50 watts @ 25 Vaudio
z 35 watts @ 70Vaudio
n 2-gang Mount
Control Relay
SIGA-CR
n Form C NO or NC Contact
z 0.5 amps @ 220 Vac (non UL)
z 0.5 amps @ 120 Vac
z 2 amps (pilot duty) @ 24 Vdc
n 1-gang Mount
Universal Class A/B Module
15 Assignable Personalities
z Two Class B or one Class A SIGA-UM
Initiating Device Circuits
z One Class A or B Indicating
Appliance Circuit
z One Class A or B Smoke
Detector Circuit (2-wire verified
or non-verified)
z One Form C Dry Contact Relay
FIRE
Emergency Controls
FIRE
Inputs Outputs
SMK DET Bells/Horns

Manual Station
PULL
Strobe
Simplex
Power AUX F
I
Program Relays R
Waterflow Supply E
Distribution
Hardware /
WF City
BATT
Ckt
Tamper

Fire Department
120 VAC Printer
PC Interface
FIRE
Emergency Controls (Outputs)

n Supervised
z City Connection
z UUKL Smoke Control
n Unsupervised
z Door Control (Holders & Locks)
z Smoke (Fan & Damper) Control
z Elevator Recall
z Emergency Lighting Control
FIRE
City Connections
Contact DACT
FIRE
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
ABC CORPORATION ALARM
Conventional
Contact
Monitoring
DACT
FIRE
City Connections
Serial DACT
FIRE
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
ABC CORPORATION
SMOKE DETECTOR ALARM
THIRD FLOOR EAST STORAGE CLOSET
SERIAL
DACT
FIRE
Supplementary
Equipment
FIRE
Inputs Outputs
SMK DET Bells/Horns

Manual Station
PULL
Strobe
Simplex
Power AUX F
I
Program Relays R
Waterflow Supply E
Distribution
Hardware /
WF City
BATT
Ckt
Tamper

Fire Department
120 VAC Printer
PC Interface
FIRE
Supplementary Equipment - Annunciators

n Graphic or Directory Lamp Annunciators ZONE 2
ZONE 3
ZONE 6
ZONE 7
ZONE 10
ZONE 11
n Computer Based Graphic Systems
n Text-based CRTs Simplex
n Text-based Printers
FIRE
Basic Annunciators
n Hardwired
z One Wire and Common per Point
Simplex
FIRE ALARM CONTROL

FIRE
Basic Annunciators
n Serial Annunciator
z Twisted/Sheilded Wiring (Communications)
z Power
y 120 VAC
y 24 VDC
Simplex
FIRE ALARM CONTROL

FIRE
Basic Annunciators
n CRTs, Printers, PC Based Graphics
z Twisted/Sheilded Wiring (Communications)
z Power
y 120 VAC
y 24 VDC
Simplex
120 VAC
FIRE ALARM CONTROL
FIRE
Basic
Peripherials
FIRE
Peripherals - Manual Devices

n Manual Stations
z Conventional & Addressable
z Single or Double Action
z Standard material - Lexan (Plastic)
y Limited choice of Metal models available
n Valve Tamper
z Typically Supplied by Others
FIRE
Peripherals - Automatic Devices

n Smoke Detectors
z Photoelectric
z Ionization
z Beam
z Air Aspiration (VESDA)
z Duct
n Heat
z Fixed
z Rate-of-Rise
z Combination
z Rate Compensated
FIRE
Peripherals - Automatic Devices

n Waterflow
z Typically supplied by others
n Flame Detectors
FIRE
Peripherals - Audible Appliances

n Horns
n Bells
n Chimes
n Speakers
z 25 VRMS
z 70 VRMS
FIRE
Peripherals - Visual Appliances

n XENON
y 15 cd
y 30 cd
y 110 cd
n Combined with Audible (AV)
n Synchronized Option
z Requires a Sync Cube
FIRE
Miscellaneous Devices
n Door Holders
z Watch Voltage Requirements
y 24 volt units require Power Supplies
n Relays
n Firefighter Phones
z Jacks
z Emergency Phones in Cabinet
FIRE
How to Wire a
Building
IDC Module
+
_
Right
IDC Module
+
_
Wrong
IDC Module
+
_
Right
IDC Module
+
_
Right
NAC Module
+
_
FIRE
PROPER WIRING TERMINATIONS

FOR HARDWIRED CIRCUITS
Conductors must be broken at each

device termination (Incoming &
Outgoing conductors must not be
twisted together or left as a continuous
wire)
No T-Taps
FIRE
Pg. 72-99
Annex G
FIRE
FIRE
Shielding
Most digital communication ckts require a twisted

shielded pair (TSP) of wires. Shielding usually
consist of a foil shield and a drain wire which is in
continuous contact with the foil. Shielding prevents
cross-talk between other circuits run next to the cable,
shields against EMI or RFI noise or interference that
could be induced from the surroundings and helps to
prevent the shielded circuit from emitting noise that
could interfere with other circuits.
FIRE
Shielding
1. When joints or connections are made, as little of the

cable as possible should be stripped back so that only a
small amount of the wiring will be unshielded.
2. The shield must be continuous throughout the ckt. In

other words, the drain (shield) wires must be tied together
with a good mechanical bond at every cable joint or
splice.
FIRE
Shielding
1. The shield MUST be isolated from ground throughout

the ckt. Usually this is done with electrical tape but it may
be done with heat shrink. The shield is only tied to a
signal ground at one point (usually at the control panel).
This signal ground is sometimes earth ground and
sometimes 0V or system common.
. Grounds at more than one point on the shield

can cause ground loops. This may create more
noise than having no shield at all.
FIRE
National Electrical Code (NEC)

n 1993 Edition
n Article 760 Fire Protective Signaling Circuits

z Scope & General 760-1 to 760-7
z Nonpower-Limited 760-11 to 760-18
z Power Limited 760-21 to 760-53
FIRE
Power Limited Circuits

n Operate between 20 VDC and 250 VDC
z Circuits are limited to 100 Volt-Amperes (VA)
n Power limiting is accomplished by use of proper power

source
n A power limited source can be:

z A circuit breaker or fuse if:
y The overcurrent device is not interchangeable with higher
rated device
y The overcurrent device is located where the conductor to be
protected receives its supply
z An inherently limited power supply
y No output power is provided if the output is shorted
FIRE
Power Limited Control Panels

n Circuit Marking (NEC 760-22):
z The equipment shall be durably marked where plainly
visible to indicate each circuit that is a power-limited circuit.
n If the circuits are not marked Power Limited, the system

must be considered Non-Power Limited.
FIRE
Power Limited vs. Non-Power Limited

(Exposed Wiring)
Power Limited Non-Power Limited
n Single conductors are allowed n 2 conductors minimum

(Table 760-51) (760-17(c)(2)
n Minimum conductor size in n Minimum conductor size in

cable cable:
z #26 AWG (Table 760-51) z #18AWG
n FPLP Cable Installation n NPLFP Cable Installation

z Plenums z Other spaces used for
environmental air
z DUCTs
z Other spaces used for n No cable substitutions are
environmental air allowed
n Cable substitutions are allowed

(Table 760-53)
FIRE
Fire Protective Signaling Cables
n Non-power limited cables

z NEC 760 - 17(c) (4, 5, & 6)
n Power limited cables

z NEC 760 - 51(d, e, & f)
Power Non-Power
Application Limited Limited
General Use FPL NPLF
Riser (Vertical Runs) FPLR NPLFR
Plenum or DUCT [NEC 300-22(b)] FPLP Use conduit
Other spaces used to transport Environmental air [NEC 300-22(c)] FPLP NPLFP
FIRE
Wiring Considerations
Voltage Drop & Distances
FIRE
Wire Distance Limitations

n Initiating
#14 = 3.07Device
/ 1000 Circuits:
Feet
50 / 3.07 = 16.3
z 8 Zone Monitor modules - Class B (Style B)
16.3 x 1000
y 10,000= feet
16300
or 50 ohms, whichever comes first
16300 /y 22-wire
= 8150smoke detector circuits: 50 ohms max. line resistance
Ckt Length
y Dry contact only circuits: 800 ohms max. line resistance
z 8 Zone Monitor Modules - Class A (Style D)
y 10,000 feet from module and back to the module or 50 ohms,
whichever comes first (5,000 feet to furthest device)
FIRE

n Monitor Zone Addressable Module (ZAM)
z Class B (Style B)
y 2,000 feet or 10 ohms, whichever comes first
z Class A (Style D)
y 2,000 feet or 10 ohms, whichever comes first, from ZAM
terminals and back to the ZAM terminals
y 2000 feet from module and back to the module or 10 ohms,
whichever comes first (1,000 feet to furthest device)
n Wire Guage
z 18 AWG minimum
z 12 AWG maximum
FIRE

n MAPNET & IDNet
z Class B (Style 4)
y 10,000 feet maximum of all wire runs including:
y All T-taps
y Parallel runs
y For each continuous run:
y 2,500 feet for up to 250 IDNet devices
y 2,500 feet for up to 128 MAPNET devices
y When run exceeds 2,500 feet twisted shielded wiring is
required.
FIRE

n MAPNET
z Class A (Style 6)
y No T-tapping is allowed
y For each continuous run from FACP and back:
y 1250 feet to furthest device
y When run exceeds 2,500 feet twisted shielded wiring is
required.
FIRE

z Audibles & Visuals
Maximum
Circuit Line Maximum distance (feet)
Current Resistance (2 conductor cable)
(amps) () 18AWG 16AWG 14AWG 12AWG
0.250 10.8 845 1340 2138 3400
0.500 5.4 420 670 1065 1700
0.750 3.6 280 445 710 1130
1.000 2.7 210 335 530 850
1.250 2.16 165 265 425 680
1.500 1.8 140 220 350 565
1.750 1.54 120 190 300 480
2.000 1.35 105 165 265 425
FIRE

z Speakers
z 25 VRMS
Maximum Distance (feet)

25VRMS POWER (Twisted Pair Wire)
APPLIED 18AWG 16AWG 14AWG 12AWG
50W 400 680 1021 1624
40W 505 804 1279 2033
30W 673 1070 1704 2707
20W 1011 1608 2558 4067
10W 2024 3219 5120 8140
FIRE

z Speakers
z 70 VRMS
Maximum Distance (feet)
70VRMS POW ER (Twisted Pair W ire)
APPLIED 18AW G 16AW G 14AW G 12AW G
100W 1620 2577 4098 6500
80W 2020 3212 5108 8121
70W 2317 3685 5860 9318
60W 2700 4276 6800 10860
50W 3241 5154 8197 13000
40W 4040 6424 10216 16243
30W 5379 8553 13602 21721
20W 8065 12823 20394 32424
10W 16000 25000 40000 64800
FIRE
FIRE
Old Stuff
FIRE
Series Notification Circuits (AC)

n Works like inexpensive Christmas lights
One fails, they all fail
z 120 VAC
y Horns, Bells, Chimes
z 300+ Volt Audio
y Speakers
n All devices must be replaced when

upgrading system
FIRE

(Normal Condition)
120
VAC
NEUT
Trouble Monitor
Circuit
FIRE

(Normal Condition)
120
VAC
NEUT
Trouble Monitor
Circuit
Series AC
NAC Module
Right
NAC Module
+
Need Additional Wiring

FIRE
4246/4247 AC FACP
FIRE
4246/4247 AC FACP
n Introduced ??????
n All Peripherals operate on 120 VAC

z No Standby Batteries
n ONE IDC
n 2- Series Wired NACs

z Built in groups of 2
n Boxes not compatible with and current

panels
FIRE
4208 Hardwired FACP

n Introduced in early 1970s
n First Multi-zone FACP
n Not Programmable
n MOST features duplicated in 4XXX series panels

z Watch for AC Series NACs
n Boxes not compatible with and current panels
FIRE
4207 Hardwired FACP

n Introduced in 1974
n Transistor based replacment for the 4208
n Not Programmable

n Boxes not compatible with and current panels
FIRE
2001 Hardwired FACP

FIRE
2001 Hardwired FACP

n Introduced in late 1978
z Workhorse FACP for 15 yrs!
n Modular-based replacement of 4207

n Sometimes packaged with 2100 & 2120 Multiplex
Systems
n Not Programmable

n 2, 4, & 6 unit Boxes not compatible with 4XXX series

panels

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FIRE

n What is a Fire Alarm System?

n Old & Obsolete FA Panels and

What is a Fire Alarm

What is a Fire Alarm System?

n A system must be able to detect the initiation of a fire

Fire Alarm System Components

Fire Alarm Control Panel

Fire Alarm Control Panel Components

n Initiating Device Circuits (IDCs)

n Notification Appliance Circuits (NACs)

Fire Alarm Control Panel

NFPA Fire Alarm Circuits

NFPA Circuit Types

Fire Alarm Control Panel

ZONE 1 ZONE 5 ZONE 9

ZONE 2 ZONE 6 ZONE 10

Simplex ZONE 3 ZONE 7 ZONE 11

ZONE 4 ZONE 8 ZONE 12

120 VAC Printer

n Automatic Fire Detectors

How They Work - Contact Devices

How They Work - Contact Devices

Normal State Alarm State

How They Work - Current Limited Devices

How They Work - Current Limited Devices

Normal State Alarm State

NFPA Fire Alarm Circuits

n In 1993 NFPA introduced circuit Styles in order to clarify

NFPA Wiring Styles

FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE

BREAK GLASS BREAK GLASS BREAK GLASS

Simplex Simplex Simplex

Typical Normally Open

ALARM ALARM SUPERVISORY TROUBLE SILENCED

ALARM ALARM SUPV TBL ALARM SYSTEM

ALARM ALARM SUPERVISORY TROUBLE SILENCED

ALARM ALARM SUPV TBL ALARM SYSTEM

This device can not operate

ALARM ALARM SUPERVISORY TROUBLE SILENCED

ALARM ALARM SUPV TBL ALARM SYSTEM

NFPA Wiring Styles

FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE FIRE

BREAK GLASS BREAK GLASS BREAK GLASS

Simplex Simplex Simplex

NFPA Wiring Styles

Smoke Detectors - 4 wire

Form C Aux Contacts

NFPA Wiring Styles

Smoke Detectors - 2 wire (Current Limited)

MicroRelay Form A Aux Contacts

Current Limited (2-wire) Limitations

n There is a limitation to the Quantity of detectors

n Only auxiliary output function can be guaranteed on

Smoke Detectors - 2 wire (Current Limited)

NFPA Wiring Styles

This would cause a trouble signal

ALARM ALARM SUPERVISORY TROUBLE SILENCED

ALARM ALARM SUPV TBL ALARM SYSTEM

ALARM ALARM SUPERVISORY TROUBLE SILENCED

ALARM ALARM SUPV TBL ALARM SYSTEM

NFPA Circuit Types

Fire Alarm Control Panel