PHNG PHP CHIA TH THEO S

Phng php chia th theo s l mt phng php mi i hi cc em phi tp cho quen mi c th

lm nhanh c. Nhn vo s cc em c th thy mi tn theo chiu ng l biu th cho ct mc thi
gian lc hin ti, mi tn chiu ngang l biu th cho qu trnh thi gian t qu kh cho n tng lai, pha
bn tri l khu vc nhng chuyn xy ra ri, bn phi l khu vc nhng chuyn cha xy ra.

Cch lm nh sau:

Khi gp mt cu v chia th ta xem xt xem hnh ng trong thuc khu vc no trong 3 khu vc sau:

- Xy ra sut qu trnh thi gian

- Xy ra ri

- ang xy ra trc mt

- Cha xy ra

Nu ta thy hnh ng lc no cng c, lc trc cng c, sau ny cng c, ni chung l trn biu
thi gian ch no cng c n th ta phn loi chng vo nhm Xy ra sut qu trnh thi gian, v ta chia
th hin ti n cho nhm ny.

Nu ta thy hnh ng xy ra ri th ta xp chng vo nhm - Xy ra ri , nhm ny c biu th

khu vc bn tri ca s gm cc th sau : qu kh n, qu kh hon thnh, hin ti hon thnh

- hon tt c thi gian xc nh: qu kh n

- hon tt khng c thi gian xc nh : hin ti hon thnh

- C trc - sau : qu kh hon thnh cho hnh ng trc v qu kh n cho hnh ng sau.

Nu ta thy hnh ng ang xy ra trc mt, ta xp vo nhm ang xy ra trc mt v dng hin
ti tip din.

Nu ta thy hnh ng cha xy ra ri th ta xp chng vo nhm - Cha xy ra. Nhm ny nm khu

vc bn phi s :

Nu c 2 hnh ng trc -sau th hnh ng xy ra trc dng tng lai hon thnh, hnh ng xy ra
sau dng tng lai n

Lu nu trc mnh c ch "khi" (when, as, after, before, by the time...) th khng c dng will

V d 1:

When a child, I usually (walk) to school.

Cu ny nu hc vt, thy usually th vi chia hin ti n l tiu. Phn tch coi sao: when a child ( khi ti
cn nh) vy l chuyn xy ra ri =>Nu lm trc nghim th cc em loi ht cc th bn phi s (cc th
tng lai, hin ti), khng c ni trc- sau nn loi lun qu kh hon thnh, ch cn li hin ti hon
thnh v qu kh n thi. Thy c thi gian xc nh ( when a child) nn dung qu kh n - xong Very
Happy

V d 2:
When I came, he ( already go) for 15 minutes.

Cu ny cng vy, nu lm theo thi quen thy already c ch hin ti hon thnh l sai. Phi xem xt 2
hnh ng, khi ti n, anh ta i ri=> 2 hnh ng trc sau => hnh ng xy ra trc chia qu kh
hon thnh => had already gone

Vy nha cc em, mai mt gp cu d th lm bnh thng cn cu kh th li ci s ca Mr cucku ra m

lm th xem sao Very Happy

CCH CHIA TH KHI GP CH WHEN

1) i vi trng hp cha xy ra :

+ Nu hai hnh ng xy ra lin tc nhau:

Bn c when chia th hin ti n, bn khng c when chia th tng lai n

V du;:

Tomorrow I will give her this book when I meet her (gp ri tip sau l trao sch )

+ Nu hai hnh ng ct ngang nhau:

Hnh ng ang xy ra dng tng lai tip din, hnh ng ct ngang chia th tng lai n

V d:

Tomorrow when you arrive at the airport, I will be standing at the gate.(bn n lc ti ang i )

+ Hai hnh ng trc sau (hnh ng ny hon tt trc mt hnh ng khc xy ra )

Hnh ng xy ra trc dng th tng lai hon thnh, hnh ng xy ra sau dng th tng lai n (nh
khi gp ch KHI th phi b WILL )

V d:

By the time you come ,I will have gone out .

( By the time = before : trc khi )

2) i vi trng hp xy ra ri :

Cng c 3 hon cnh sau:

+ Nu hai hnh ng ct ngang nhau (mt hnh ng ny ang xy ra th c mt hnh ng khc ct ngang
) cc em lu trng hp ny rt thng gp

- Hnh ng ang xy ra dng Qa kh tip din

- Hnh ng ct ngang dng Qa kh n

- V d:

I was playing soccer when it began to rain.(ma ct ngang hnh ng chi bng)

Cch nhn dng ra loi ny:

- Phi dch ngha ca cu,cc ng t ct ngang thng l :come, meet, see, start, begin..

+ Nu hai hnh ng xy ra lin tc hoc ng thi nhau:

- C hai hnh ng u chia Qa kh n

- -Du hiu nhn bit l :

- Dch ngha thy 2 hnh ng xy ra lin tc nhau

- V d:

- When he came home, he opened the door

- Khi mnh when c cc ch sau: lived, was, were

- V d:

- When Mr cucku lived in HCM city, he studied at TBT school.

- When he was a child, he had a habit of getting up late.

+ Hai hnh ng trc sau (hnh ng ny hon tt trc mt hnh ng khc xy ra )

- Hnh ng xy ra trc dng Qa kh hon thnh, hnh ng sau dng Qa kh n

- Cch nhn ra loi ny :

- Cc du hiu thng gp l :already, for + khong thi gian, just

- V d:

- When I came, he had already gone out (khi ti n anh ta i ri )

- When I came, he had gone out for two hours (khi ti n anh ta i c hai ting ri )

- Cng c th dch qua ngha

- V d:

- I didnt meet Tom because when I came, he had go out .(du hiu l do ti khng gp -> i ri )

CCH CHIA CC TH TIP DIN

Thng thng cc em hc trong sch hay trng, s c dy chia theo tng th tip din. V d khi no
dng th hin ti tip din, khi no dng th qu kh tip din v.v . Phng php ca thy khng nh vy
m ngc li s hc theo cng thc tng qut. Tc l trong hon cnh no th dng tip din, ch khng
chi tit l th g tip din.

V d, mt trong nhng ng cnh phi dng tip din l mt hnh ng ang xy ra b mt hnh ng
khc ct ngang th hnh ng ang xy ra phi dng tip din, cn dng th g tip din th phi xem
thi gian xy ra u.

V d:
Tomorrow I ( wait) for you here when you come. ( ct nhau tng lai => dng tng lai tip din : will
be waiting )

Yesterday I (eat ) lunch when he came. ( ct nhau qu kh => dng qu kh tip din : was eating )

Nh cc em bit, th tip din thng c dch l "ang", nh vy cc em cng thy n hm ch s

ko di trong , hoc ang din ra trc mt. T , cc em nn c mt s hiu bit tng qut cc 1)
Cc trng hp dng tip din :

+ Khi mt hnh ng xy ra mt thi im chnh xc:

Thng c du hiu l :

At + gi + thi gian tng lai/ qu kh

At this time + thi gian tng lai/ qu kh

+ Khi mt hnh ng xy ra ngay lc ni:

Trng hp d s c du hiu cho ta nhn bit nh:

Lc ni l hin ti thng c du hiu:

Now

At the present

At the moment

Lc ni l qu kh thng c du hiu:

At that time ( lc )

Then ( lc )

Trng hp kh s khng c du hiu r rng cho ta nhn bit m phi bit suy lun:

- Cu mnh lnh:

Be quiet! Someone is knocking at the door. ( cm t "be quiet" cho ta bit thi im ang ni hin ti
nn dng hin ti tip din)

- T cnh:

It was a beautiful morning. Birds were singing in the trees. ( cu u cho ta bit nhng con chim ANG
ht )

- Cu hi:

Where is your mother? She is cooking in the kitchen. ( hi " u" ngm l "ang u" ngay lc ni )

Hai trng hp trn cc em cng thy l thuc v khi nim " ang xy ra", cn trng hp "ko di" th
bao gm cc trng hp sau:

+ Khi mt hnh ng ang xy ra th mt hnh ng khc ct ngang:

- Hnh ng ang xy ra s dng tip din. ( hnh ng ct ngang dng n)

Xem v d trn nh.

+ Khi hai hnh ng ang xy ra ng thi nhau:

Khi y ta s dng tip din cho c hai.

V d:

While I was eating, my mother was cooking. ( qu kh nn dng qu kh tip din)- Ng cnh ny a
s dng cho qu kh, cn tng lai him khi thy dng.

+ Khi mt hnh ng xy ra trc v ko di n mt thi im no - cng c khi chm dt

nhng ni chung l thi gian cng gn vi thi im . ( thng mang n kt qu no ti thi im
)

- Nu thi im QU KH th dng QU KH hon thnh tip din.

- Nu thi im HIN TI th dng HIN TI hon thnh tip din.

- Nu thi im TNG LAI th dng TNG LAI hon thnh tip din.

Cc em cng thy trong 3 trng hp trn cc ch in hoa th hin s ging nhau trong cng thc, t
cc em ch cn hc ci chung ch khng cn nh tng trng hp ring l. y l u im ca phng
php tng qut.

He was out of breath. He had been running for 2 hours. ( hnh ng "run" ko di t trc v a n
kt qu l "th khng ra hi" - hnh ng "th khng ra hi" ny qa kh nn "run" chia QKHTTD. )

Cng ng cnh nhng di ln mc thi gian l hin ti / tng lai th hnh ng kia cng theo m
chia cho ph hp:

He IS out of breath. He HAS BEEN RUNNING for 2 hours.

By the time he IS out of breath, he WILL HAVE BEEN RUNNING for 2 hours. ( mnh u v c cm " by
the time" ( trc khi) dch ra c ch "khi" trong nn khng dng WILL, tng lai n bin thnh hin
ti n.

+ Mt s trng hp ring l dng tip din:

Phn ny bao gm cc trng hp dng tip din ring bit, khng theo cc cng thc chung trn.

- Dng vi always ch s bc bi ca ngi ni:

He is always borrowing my money. ( anh ta c lun mn tin ti)

- Dng thay cho th tng lai khi mun ni n mt d nh chc chn tng lai.

Would you like to come to my birthday party? We are having a party at NN restaurant. ( khi mi ai th tc
l chun b ht mi th)

Nh bn trn cc em hc v cch chia cc th tip din, trong c nhng du hiu nhn bit cng
nh cn c vo ni dung. Tuy nhin, trong ting Anh- khc vi ting Vit- Bn ting Vit ta c th ni " Ti
ang yu" nhng bn ting Anh cc em c da theo m dch " I am loving" l sai Very Happy . L do l
c nhng ng t khng th dng tip din cho d c du hiu y ca tip din.

Cc ng t khng dng tip din l:

1. Nhm gic quan:

See, hear, taste ( nm c v), feel, sound ( nghe c v), notice...

2. Nhm ch tnh trng:

Be, appear, seem...

3. Nhm s hu:

Have ( c ), belong to ( thuc v), own ( c )

4. Nhm s thch:

Like, love, hate, dislike, prefer, desire, need ...

5 Nhm tri thc:

Know, understand, want, think, doubt, forgive, mean ( mun ni), remember, forget, recognize, believe...

Lu :

i khi cc ng t trn cng dng tip din nhng rt him v dng ch mt tnh trng nht thi m
thi.

Tm tt v cch dng 12 th trong ting anh

1. Hin ti n:

* Cu trc: 3. Hin ti hon thnh:

(+) S + V/ V(s;es) + Object...
(-) S do/ does not + V +...
(?) Do/ Does + S + V
* Cch dng:
_ Hnh ng xy ra hin ti: i
am here now
_ Thi quen hin ti: i play
soccer
_ S tht hin nhin;Chn l ko
th ph nhn: the sun rises in
the east
* Trng t i km: always;
usually; often; sometimes;
occasionally; ever; seldom;
rarely; every...
2. Hin ti tip din:
* Cu trc:
* Cu trc: (+) S + have/has + PII
(+) S + is/am/are + Ving (-) S + have/has not + PII
(-) S + is/am/are not + Ving (?) Have/ Has + S + PII
(?) Is/Am/ Are + S + Ving * Cch dng:
* Cch dng: _ Xy ra trong qa kh, kt
_ ang xy ra ti 1 thi im xc nh qu lin quan n hin ti.(
hin ti Nhn mnh n kt qu ca
_ Sp xy ra c d nh t trc. hnh ng)
_ Khng dng vi cc ng t chi gic nh: * Trng t: just; recently;
SEE; HEAR; LIKE; LOVE... lately; ever; never; already;
* Trng t i km: At the moment; at this yet; since; for; so far; until
time; right now; now; ........ now; up to now; up to
present..

Cch chia s nhiu:

 th khng nh ca th hin
ti n, "ng t thng"
c chia bng cch:
-Gi nguyn hnh thc nguyn
mu ca ng t khi ch ng l
"I / You / We / They v cc ch
ng s nhiu khc"
-Thm "s" hoc "es" sau ng
t (Vs/es) khi ch ng l "He /
She / It v cc ch ng s t
khc"
+Phn ln cc trng hp th
ng t khi chia vi ch ng s
t u c thm "s", ngoi tr
nhng t tn cng bng "o,x,
ch, z, s, sh" th ta thm "es" vo
sau ng t.
+Khi ng t tn cng l "y" th
i "y" thnh "I" v thm "es"
vo sau ng t

Cch pht m s,es:

/iz/: ce, x, z, sh, ch, s, ge

/s/: t, p, f, k, th
/z/:khng c trong hai trng
hp trn

4. Hin ti hon thnh tip 5. Qu kh n: 6. Qu kh tip din:

din: * Cu trc: * Cu trc:
* Cu trc: (+) S + Ved/ PI-ct 2 trong bng ng t bt (+) S + was/ were + Ving
(+) S + have/has been + Ving quy tc. (-) S + was / were not + Ving.
(-) S + have/has been + Ving (-) S + didnt + V (?) Was/ Were + S + Ving.
(?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving (?) Did + S + V * Cch dng:
* Cch dng: * Cch dng: _ Cc hnh ng xy ra ti 1
_ Xy ra trong qu kh, ko di _ Xy ra v chm dt hon ton trong qu thi im xc nh trong qu
n hin ti v c th tip tc kh. kh
xy ra trong tng lai. ( Nhn _ Nhiu hnh ng xy ra lin tip trong qu _ Nhiu hnh ng xy ra
mnh tnh lin tc ca hnh kh. ng thi trong qu kh.
ng) _ Trong cu iu kin loi 2. _ 1 hnh ng ang xy ra 1
* Trng t i km: just; recently; * Trng t i km: Yesterday; the day before hnh ng khc xen vo:
lately; ever; never; since; for. yesterday; ago; already; last; in + mc thi hnh ng ang xy ra dng
gian trong qu kh. QKTD; hnh ng xen vo
 dng QK.
Cch c ed: /id/: t,d * T ni i km: While; when.
/t/: c, ch, s, f, k, p x, sh
/d/: cc trng hp cn li

9. Tng lai n:

* Cu trc:
(+) S + will/ shall + V (will ngy
nay c th dng vi tt c cc
(-) S + will/ shall not + V ngi
nhng shall dng vi I v
WE )
(?)Will / Shall + S + V
* Cch dng:
7. Qu kh hon thnh: _ Sp xy ra trong tng lai
* Cu trc: khng c d nh trc.
(+) S + had + PII 8. Qu kh hon thnh tip din (t dng): _ Cu yu cu; ngh; li
(-) S + had not + PII ha; d on cho tng lai.
* Cu trc: _ Trong cu iu kin loi 1.
(?) Had + S + PII
(+) S + had been + Ving * Trng t: tomorrow; the
*Cch dng:
(-) S + hadnt been + ving day after tomorrow; next; in
_ Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1
(?) Had + S + been + Ving + thi gian tng lai
hnh ng khc trong QK ( hnh
* Cch dng:
ng xy ra trc dng QKHT; Tng lai gn:
_ Ch hnh ng v ang din ra v c th
hnh ng xy ra sau dng QK)
hon tt trc 1 hnh ng khc trong qu
_ Hnh ng xy ra trc 1 thi * Cu trc:
kh ( nhn mnh n tnh lin tc ca hnh
im xc nh trong qu kh. (+) S + is/am/are + going to +
ng)
_ Trong cu iu kin loi 3. V
* Trng t: before; after; when; while; as
* Trng t i km: before; after; (-) S + is/am/ are not + going
soon as; by(trc); already; ever; until
when; while; as soon as; to + V
by(trc); already; never; ever; (?)Is/Am/ Are + S + going to +
until... V
* Cch dng:
_ Sp xy ra trong tng lai
c d nh trc.
_ Chc chn s xy ra trong
tng lai theo 1 tnh hung
cho trc.
* Trng t: tomorrow; the
day after tomorrow; next; in+
thi gian tng lai

12.Tng lai hon thnh

10. Tng lai tip din: 11. Tng lai hon thnh
tip din:
* Cu trc: * Cu trc: * Cu trc:
(+) S + will / shall + be + Ving (+) S + will / shall + have + PII (+) S + will have been + Ving
(-) S + will / shall not + be + Ving (-) S will/ shall not + have + PII (-) S + wont have been + Ving
(?) Will / Shall + S + be + Ving (?) Will / Shall + S + have + PII (?) (How long) + will + S +
* Cch dng: * Cch dng: have been + Ving
_ ang xy ra ti thi im xc _ Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng *Cch dng:
nh trong tng lai. khc trong tng lai. _ Kt hp vi mnh thi
_ Nhiu hnh ng xy ra ng _ Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 thi im gian ( by the time + th hin
thi trong tng lai. xc nh trong tng lai. ti n )
* Trng t: cc trng t nh * Trng t: By the time; By + mc thi gian _ Din t hnh ng v
trong tng lai n; nhng phi trong qu kh. ang xy ra v c th hon tt
da vo tng hon cnh c th trc 1 hnh ng khc trong
chia th. tng lai.
* Du hiu nhn bit: By the
time + mnh thi gian
th hin ti; by + ngy/ gi.

Ngun : http://www.aotrangtb.com/t3956-phuong-phap-chia-thi-theo-so-o#ixzz48uOV9OKu