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Retrievable:
The packer is run as an integral part of the tubing. Except for the retrievable bridge plug,
the tubing cannot be pulled without pulling the packer. The packer is set mechanically,
hydraulically or a combination of both. It is released by manipulation of the tubing, either
rotating or pulling (shearing lock pins). Generally used where the well may have to be
worked over regularly (i.e. electrical submersible pump applications), temporary
completions (i.e. production testing) or well intervention activities (i.e. stimulation or
casing leak detection).
-pulling the packer out of the well may swab the well in;
-equalisation of pressure across the packer before pulling may be difficult (care should
be exercised on shallow set during unseating operations);
-straight pull release packers may prematurely shear and release due to tubing
contraction;
Permanent:
The packer is set within the casing and the setting mechanism (tubing/wireline) can be
released from the packer. Except for the case of a permanent bridge plug the tubing can
be run and resealed in the packer. The packer may be set mechanically (by tubing),
hydraulically or electrically (by wireline). As the name implies it cannot be retrieved, but
can be destructively removed (i.e. milling). generally used in high pressure differential
applications.
the predicted maximum differential pressure across the packer exceeds 5000 psi;
H2S is present and the temperature at the packer is less than 160F;
infrequent workovers are envisaged.
Mechanically
The packer may be set by one or combination of: rotation (standard 'J' slot latch
arrangement); compression (slacking of the tubing weight into the packer; tension
(pulling, overweight, up on the packer).
Hydraulically
Electrically
The packer is set by a setting tool on electric wireline (wireline set). The wireline setting
tool is released and recovered with the wireline. This method is more commonly
employed for setting bridge plugs or when the exact location of the packer is critical.
Packer bore
No bore - bridge plugs. To isolate the casing or tubing. Sometimes referred as cement
retainers.
tubing-to-packer forces.
The assumptions and actual tubing set-down force need to be documented to prevent
mishaps during subsequent well intervention activities
Operating envelopes (safe performance window)
The permanent packer rating envelope is a means of describing the functional limits of a
packer under combined pressure and applied axial (tensile/compressive) loading. When
requesting an envelope for a permanent packer, specify the packer model, size,
material and casing size. The ratings derived from envelope graphs are for unplugged
packers. Plugged packer ratings can be significantly lower.
Recommendations
Select a packer with element metal shoe and shoe support systems (metallic back-up
rings) in high-pressure applications to provide anti-extrusion back-up for the elements.
Typical packer element combination is a 90-70-90 Schure hardness combination.