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The Risk Factors of Nutritional Disorders To The Cardiovascular System
The Risk Factors of Nutritional Disorders To The Cardiovascular System
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Dr. Dimyati Burhanudin.M,Sc.
In order to perform the heart work, the myocardium needs to be Noutrished and
Oxygenated from an adequate suplly of blood through the aorta and coronary
arteries.
The failure of the coronary arteries to suplly sufficient blood to the myocardium, which
are almost invariably associated with athero sclerosis of the coronary arteries.
1. Myocardial Infarction
- severe
- return to normal life
- increase risk of second infarct
3. Sudden death
66
Note :
The pain of ;
4 Stages (WHO)
1. fatty spot :
- in tunica intima of the vessel
- thickenings of the intima
- slightly raised a long flattened yellow streak
- the elevation of the intima due to the formation of connective tissues
cells, distended, contains cholesterol within the fat droplets.
2. fibrous plaque :
- between tunica intima and tunica media
- circumscribed, firm, grey/pearly white
- diameters, 1-several mm, irregular
- the plaques become larger, project into the lumen (medium size of artery)
3. soft plaque
- contains large amounts of fatty material, softened
4. break down
- plaque surface -, break dowm
- atheromatous ulcer ragged irregular edges
- fibrous tissue at the base of the ulcer scarring
- vessel narrowed and distort slowing down the flow of blood
- deposited of calcium in the base of the ulcer and haemorrhages may
occure
fibrin in the process of the ulcer formation traps red corpuscles thrombus
previous meal, physical exercise, smoking, e.t.c. may affect platelet adhasiveness and
fibrinolytic activity.
eidemiology of IHD
- man in well to do classes
- men 45 yr, women unknown (> 50 yr)
- the greater percentage of death, 35-40 yr
- the lower incidence is from the poor immigrants and under/develop countries
(Include ASEAN)
aetiology
familial ; - inherited
- environmental experience of hypertension, diabetes, gout and
exanthomatosis.
- endrocine imbalances affect to fat transport system and
atherosclerotic perform
Prevention
1. Diet
Fats ; hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia
- no proof that dietary fats have an important role in the aetilogy of IHD
- more depend on the plasma cholesterol concentration
- intake saturated fat >> plasma cholesterol IHD
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate fat
Protein
2. Sedentary Life
Exercise : - keep the balance between food intake and energy expenditure
- physically active jobs protects against IHD
3. Smoking
maybe due to :
- vasoconstrictor action
- undesirable effect on the level of plasma lipids
- blood coalagualation
- the survival of platelet
5. Polution
higher concentration of carbon disulphide and sulphur dioxide from in the
process the facture of rayon may cause anoccupational toxic to be the aetilogy of
IHD.
Community Prophylaxis
- food technology changes the costumary diet of the people
- the anxious promotin of the new product of food industry
- looks to the medical profession for guidance
- health education
- in daily food intake
Reduce
- calorie (to prevent overweight)
- total consumption of fat
40%-30% of the total number calories
Increase
- vegetables, fruits, potatoes, milk, fish, lean meat, cereal/cereal product
- take regular exercise
The program require the co-operation among doctors health workers, catering (in school,
military forces, hospital, restaurants and other similar institution.
Food industries have to pay attention to the recommendation of the raw products and in
its composition an processing.
In heart failure : - salt restricted pilih high, moderate, poor, contains of salt
- restricted setengah atau sepertiga
- selanjutnya lihat daftar menu di klinik