B- Monocyte.

Function-When activated becomes a macrophage that fights infection.

D-Lymphocyte.-
Function-Mounts a humoral immune response by producing antibodies.

C-Eosinophil.
Function- Releases granules that kill parasitic worms

A-Neutrophil
Function--granulocyte, phagocyte and the most common white blood cell found in whole blood.
-Main bacteria killer during acute infections

Erythrocyte;Largest of the WBCs; crucial in defense against viruses; associated with chronic
infections.
D- Type O.

B-Type A.

A-Type AB.
C-Type B.

D-Universal donor.

A- Universal recipient.

The buffy coat is a layer of centrifuged whole blood that contains leukocytes and platelets.

Why are the two pathways of blood clotting referred to as the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways?
Answer: The factors required to initiate clotting are present within the blood in the intrinsic
pathway and outside the blood in the extrinsic pathway

Clotting factor activation turns clotting factors into enzymes.

Answer: TRUE

Capter 19

In the brain the fluid that filters out of capillaries is highly regulated. You would expect to see
________ feeding the brain.

continuous capillaries, with no intercellular clefts

Fenestrated capillaries do not form the blood-brain barrier.

In red bone marrow newly formed blood cells enter the circulation. You would expect to see
many ________ type of capillaries in red bone marrow.
sinusoid capillaries
sinusoid capillaries may be lined with phagocytes that can extend their process into the plasma
to catch "prey."

Large arteries;Site where the blood pressure is greatest.

;
Large veins; Site where blood pressure is lowest.
;Site where the blood volume is greatest.

) Capillaries; Site where exchanges of food and gases are made.

; Site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest.

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary
function of Capillaries

Large arteries ; Site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest.

Arterioles; Site where resistance to blood flow is greatest.

; Site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance.
the most numerous arteries

The pulse pressure is ________.

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

tunica media is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood
circulation
Histologically, the ___ tunica intima _____ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse
connective tissue layer.

Chap 20

B-Axillary node(s).
D- Cisterna chyli.

A- Entrance of thoracic duct into subclavian vein.

C-Thoracic duct.
E- Collecting lymphatic vessels.
E-Efferent vessels.
C-Cortex.
D-Medullary cord.

A-Trabecula.
D- Medulla.

The thymus is most active during childhood

Right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head
and thorax

Innate defense system. Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes
Second line of defense. Inflammatory response
Third line of defense; Immune response
Adaptive defense system

First line of defense; intact skin and mucous membranes

An advantage of innate immunity is _ its barriers that prevent pathogens from entering into the
body
An advantage to adaptive immunity is __its memory cells that provide quicker, larger and more
efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen

Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity
by ________. natural killer cells

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling
macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed
________. Opsonization
D- Main (primary) bronchus.

A-Pharynx.

B-Larynx.

E-Carina of trachea.

C- Trachea.

A) Alveolar duct; Terminates in alveoli.

B) Segmental (tertiary) bronchi; NO exchange of gases occurs here

C) Type I alveolar cells; Composed of simple squamous epithelium.
; The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane
of the capillary walls and

D) Respiratory bronchioles; where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins.

E) Type II alveolar cells; secrete a fluid containing surfactant.

; Composed of cuboidal cells.
 The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II alveolar cells. The
function of type II alveolar cells is to __secrete surfactant
Intrapulmonary pressure is the ____ pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ___interfering with the cohesiveness
of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
Bbmmi cn