WEEK 1:

MODAL VERBS
WOULD, SHOULD, COULD

Would, should and could are three auxiliary verbs that can be defined as past tenses of will, shall, and can; however,
you may learn more from seeing sentences using these auxiliaries than from definitions. Examples of usage are as
follows:
Adeena could visit us on Monday. This tells us that it is possible Adam will visit on Monday, maybe he can visit
us, but maybe he has other options, too. Visiting us is one possibility.

Adeena would visit us on Monday. This tells us that we can imagine a situation in which Adam wants to visit us
on Monday, but maybe it is not actually possible. Adam is willing to visit us, under the right conditions or if he
can.

Adeena should visit us on Monday. This tells us that Adam visiting on Monday is a good idea, or that it is
something Adam is obligated to do.

Task 1: Write the words in correct order to make appropriate sentences.

1. have some I can water?
.
2. coffee would like you a?
.
3. how I help can you ?
.
4. do could a favour me you ?
.
5. giving a you me mind would hand?
.

Task 2: Fill in the blank with most appropriate modal verbs.

1. __________ I give you something to drink?

2. __________ you mind if I close this window?
3. I think you _______________ think over it .
4. My bird ________________ fly high , I remember very well.
5. We _______________ be careful about our responsibilities .
READING , TEXT 1

Dear Aunt Arifa,

Paragraph 1:Ive so much to tell you, I dont know where to begin! Remember last summer when I told
you that I was planning to enter the TeenSay Magazine essay contest? Well, I entered, and my essay
"Improving Community Safety" won!

Paragraph 2: The prize was a weekend trip to Lahore, to visit the TeenSay offices to see how they publish
the magazine each month. Three of us were chosen to go from my city: two other contest winners, and I.
My mom took me to the airport for the flight to Lahore, and Ive to admit I was nervous! Ive flown before,
but never without my parents.

Paragraph 3:But when we got to the airport and met the other people in our group, I relaxed. The group
leader, Mrs. Parvez, was really friendly and easy to talk to. She is in charge of marketing and special
promotions at TeenSay Magazine. She introduced me to the other contest winners. Irum is from Karachi
too, and she is 13 years old like me. She won a prize for the series of photographs she took when her
family drove across the country last summer. The other winner is a 15-year-old boy Oves, who won the
TeenSay Community Spirit award for cleaning up and improving the neighborhood parks in his town.

Paragraph 4:Irum and Oves both seemed much jolly. Before our plane even took off, we were giggling and
telling jokes like we had known each other forever. Before I knew it, we were landing in Lahore. When we
arrived at the TeenSay office, Mrs. Parvez took us on a tour. We got to see how a magazine goes from a
rough manuscript to a finished issue. We also met many of the employees, from illustrators and writers to
photographers and editors, and they answered all of our questions. By the time the tour was over, Mrs.
Parvez could tell that we were getting tired. She took us to her favourite restaurant, and on the way there
we had a chance to do some window shopping and check out some of the sights.

Paragraph 5:I wish I could spend a whole year in Lahore and still not see everything! I will now rush out ,
mom has had been calling me for dinner past half an hour . I am enclosing a copy of my essay with this
letter, do give me your feedback .. So far, it has been a great trip.

Love,

Sana

Task :Read the text thoroughly to answer the following questions:

1.The recipient of the letter is :

A. Aunt Arifa
B. Irum
C. Sana
D.Mrs. Parvez

2. What kind of task was "Improving Community Safety" that Sana participated in?
A. Reading
B. Running
C. Cleaning
D. Writing

3.Which two people are of same age ?

A. Sana and Irum.
B .Irum and Oves
C. Oves AND Irum
D. Both A and B

4.The winning prize for the contestants was :

A. Dining at a fine place.
B. Shopping at their favourite place
C. Trip to Lahore .
D. All the above options.

Q5 What is the text about? ( 1)

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____________________

Q6 Mention any THREE of the things we are told about Mrs. Parvez. (3)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________
__________

Q7 Why was the flight duration not noticed? (1)

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________

Q8 What TWO things did the group do at the TeenSay office? (2)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________

SELF EDITING

Criteria Evaluation

Format is accurate Yes/ No

Greetings have been mentioned Yes/ No

Greeting paragraph has purpose mentioned in it Yes/ No

Contractions have been used Yes/ No

Paragraphs have been changed Yes/ No

PEER EDITING

Criteria Evaluation

Format is well written Yes/ No

Greeting paragraph has greetings and purpose Yes/ No

Style is conversational Yes/ No

Paragraphs have been changed accordingly Yes/ No

Number of spelling errors: ____

TEACHERS FEEED BACK

W1 Articulate experience and express what is Yes/No IMPROVEMENT AREA/S:

thought

W2 Sequence facts, ideas and opinions Yes/No

W3 Use a range of appropriate vocabulary Yes/No
W4 Use register appropriate to audience and Yes/No
context

W5 Make accurate use of spelling, punctuation Yes/No

and grammar.

Vanka
Oxford progressive English , pgs:62-65

Vanka was a little boy of nine who, three months before, had travelled from the countryside to be apprenticed to Alikin, the
shoemaker, many, many miles away in Moscow. On Christmas Eve he did not go to bed. He waited until his master had gone to
church, and then fetched a bottle of ink and a rusty pen from his masters cupboard, spread out a crumpled sheet of paper
before him, and began to write. As he wrote, more than once he looked round at the door.

Dear Grandpapa, he wrote, I am writing you a letter. I wish you a merry Christmas and I hope God will give you all sorts of
good things. You know I have no papa or mamma, and you are all I have.
Vanka turned his eyes to the dark window, on which shone the reflection of the candle, and vividly picture his grandfather, a
small, thin, but extraordinarily active man of sixty-five, with a perpetually smiling face. By day he slept in the kitchen and at
night, wrapped up in a huge sheepskin coat, he walked about guarding the grounds, shaking his watchmans rattle. Behind him,
in Vankas imagination, pace the dogs Kashtanka and The Eel, (so called because he is black and his body is long) wagging their
tails. The weather is glorious. The night is dark, but the whole village is visible: the white roofs the columns of smoke rising from
the chimneys, the trees, silvery with frost, and the snowdrifts. The sky is strewn with gaily twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is
as bright as if it had been washed and scrubbed with snow. Vanka sighed, dipped his pen in the ink, and went on.

Yesterday my master dragged me into the yard by my hair and beat me with a stirrup because I went to sleep without meaning
to while I was rocking the baby. Last week my mistress told me to clean some herrings and I began cleaning one from the tail,
and she took it and poked its head into my face.

The apprentices make me steal the cucumbers, and then my master beats me with whatever is at hand. And I have nothing to
eat. I get bread in the morning, and porridge for dinner, and bread for supper. My master and mistress drink up all the tea and
the soup. And they make me sleep in the hall, and when the baby cries I dont sleep at all because I have to rock the cradle. Dear
Grandpa, Please take me away from here, home to the village. I cant stand it. I beg you on my knees. I will pray to God for you
all my life. Take me away from here, or else I shall die.

Vankas mouth twisted; he rubbed his eyes with a grimy hand and sobbed.

I will grind your tobacco for you, he continued, and pray to God for you. If I dont, you can kill me like sidorovs goat. And if you
want me to work, I can do the ploughing and clean the boots. Dear Grandpa, I cant stand it. I shall die. I wanted to run away to
the village on foot, but I havent any boots, and it is so cold. And when I am big I will always take care of you and not allow
anyone to hurt you at all, and when you die I will pray to God for you as I do for my dead mother. Moscow is a big city. There are
lots of horses, but no sheep. Dear Grandpa, when they have the Christmas tree at the big house, keep some gilded* nuts for me
and put them away in the green chest. Ask Miss Olga for them and say they are for Vanka.

Vanka heaved a shuddering sigh and stared at the window again. He remembered how he and his grandfather used to go to the
forest for the Christmas tree. Those were such happy days. Grandfather would drag the fallen fir tree up to the big house, and
there they would all set to work for decorating it. The busiest of all was Miss Olga, Vankas favourite. While Vankas mother was
still alive and ha housemaid at the big house, Miss Olga used to give little Vanka biscuits, and because she had nothing better to
do, she had taught him to read and write, to count up to a hundred, and even to dance the quadrille*. But when his mother
died, the orphaned Vanka was banished to the kitchen, where his grandfather was, and from there he was sent to Moscow, to
Allakin, the shoemaker Do come, dear Grandpapa. Vanka went on. Please come. I beg you to come and take my away. Have
pity on your poor little orphan, because everyone scolds me, and Im so hungry, and its so lonely. I cant tell you how lonely it is.
And the other day my master hit me on the head, so that I fell down and almost didnt come to again. Give me love to Kashtanka
and the Eel, and to the coachman, and dont let anyone use my accordion. Dear Grandpapa, do come.

Your loving grandson.

Vanka

Vanka folded the paper in four and put it in an envelop which he had bought that evening for one kopeck*. He reflected an
instant, then dipped his pen in the link and write the address:

To my Grandpapa in the village.

Delighted to have finished his letter without interruption, he put on his cap and, without waiting to throw his little overcoat over
his shoulders, ran out into the street in his shirt. The butcher, whom he had asked the evening before, had told him that when
letters are put into a mail-box, they are collected from there and carried all over Russia in mail wagons with ringing bells. Vanka
ran to the nearest mailbox and dropped his letter in.

Any hour later he was sound asleep, lulled by the sweetest hopes. He dreamed he saw a stove. On the stove sat his grandfather
swinging his legs and reading his letter to the cook. Near the stove walked the Eel, wagging his tail.
WEEK 2:
READING , TEXT 3 -- OPE 7 ,Redford Rachel, 36-39.

Dearest Connie,
Paragraph 1:I write to you in a much happier frame of mind because something wonderful has just
happened that I must tell you about at once. We were all standing to in our trenches yesterday morning,
Christmas morning. It was crisp and quiet all about, as beautiful a morning as Ive ever seen, as cold and
frosty as a Christmas morning should be.

Paragraph 2:Id like to be able to tell you that we began it. But the truth, Im ashamed to say, is that Frits
began it. First someone saw a white flag waving from the trenches opposite. Then they were calling out to
us from across no-mans-land. Happy Christmas Tommy! Happy Christmas! When we had got over the
surprise some of us shouted back. Same to you Fritz! Same to you! I thought that would be that. We all
did. But then suddenly one of them was up there in his grey coat and waving a white flag. Dont shoot,
lads! someone shouted. And no one did.

Paragraph 3:One of the Germans was waving something above his head. It is Christmas Day, Tommy, We
have food. We have tinned meat. We meet you? Yes? By this time there were dozens of them walking
towards us across no-mans-land and not a rifle between them. Little Private Morris was the first up. Come
on, boys. What are we waiting for? And then there was no stopping them. I was the officer. I should have
stopped then there and then, I suppose, but the truth is that it never even occurred to me I should. All
along their line and ours I could see men walking slowly towards one another, grey coats, khaki coats
meeting in the middle. And I was one of them. I was part of this. In the middle of the war we were making
peace. You cant imagine , dearest Connie, my feelings as I looked into the eyes of the Fritz officer, who
approached me, hand outstretched. Hans Wolf, he said, gripping my hand warmly and holding it. Im
from Dusseldorf. I play the cello in the orchestra. Happy Christmas.

Paragraph 4: Captain Jim Macpherson, I replied, and a Happy Christmas to you, too. Im a school teacher
from Dorset, in the west of England. Ah, Dorset, he smiled. I know this place. I know it very well. We
shared my rations and his excellent tinned meat. And we talked, Connie, how we talked. He spoke almost
perfect English. But it turned out that he had never set foot in Dorset, never even been to England. He had
learned all he know of England from School, and from reading books in English. His favourite writer was
Thomas Hardy, his favourite book Far from the Madding Crowd. So out there in no-mans-land we talked of
Bathsheba and Gabriel Oak and Sergeant Troy and Dorset. He had a wife and one son, born just six months
ago. As I looked about me there were huddles of Khaki and grey everywhere, all over no-mans-land,
smoking and laughing, talking, drinking, eating. Hans Wolf and I shared what was left of your wonderful
Christmas case, Connie. He thought the marzipan* was the best he had ever tasted. I agreed. We agreed
about everything, and he was my enemy. There never was a Christmas party like it, Connie.

Paragraph 5:Then someone, I dont know who, brought out a football. Greatcoats were dumped in piles to
make goalposts, and the next thing we knew it was Tommy against Fritz out in the middle of no-mans-
land. Hand Wolf and I looked on and cheered, clapping our hands and stamping our feet, to keep out the
cold as much as anything. There was a moment when I noticed our breaths mingling in the air between us.
He saw it too and smiled. Jim Macpherson, he said after a while, I think this is how we should resolve this
war. A football match. No one dies in a football match. No children are orphaned. No wives become
widows.

Paragraph 6: Id prefer cricket, I told him. Then we Tommies could be sure of winning, probably. We
laughed at that, and together we watched the game. Sad to say, Connie, Fritz won two goals to one. But as
Hans Wolf generously said, our goal was wider than theirs, so it wasnt quite fair. The time came, and all
too soon, when the game was finished, the cake and the tinned meat had long since run out, and we knew
it was all over. I wished Hans well and told him I hoped he would see his family again soon, that the
fighting would end and we could all go home.

Paragraph 7: I think that is what every soldier wants, on both sides, Hans Wolf said. Take care, Jim
Macpherson. I shall never forget this moment, nor you. He saluted and walked away from me slowly,
unwillingly, I felt. He turned to wave just once and then became one of the hundreds of grey-coated men
drifting back towards their trenches.That night, back in our dugouts, we heard them singing a carol, and
singing it quite beautifully. It was Stille Nacht. Our boys have them a rousing chorus of While Shepherds
Watched. We exchanged carols for a while and then we all fell silent. We had our time of peace and
goodwill, a time I will treasure as long as I live.

Paragraph 8:Dearest Connie, by Christmas time next year, this war will be nothing but a distant and
terrible memory. I know from all that happened today how much both armies long for peace. We shall be
together again soon, Im sure of it. Time to slumber. Write you soon.

Your loving,
Jim

*Marzipan:the almond and sugar paste forming a layer between the icing and cake on a traditional
Christmas cake.
Task :Read the text thoroughly to answer the following questions:
1.Who waved the white flags first?
A.Captain Jim Macpherson
B.Hans Wolf
C.Morris
D.Opponents.

2.White flag symbolizes :

A.Peace
B.War
C.Warning
D.Meeting

3.Who dared to take the first step from Jim team?

A.Jim
B.Private Morris
CHans Wolf
D.Connie

4. Grey coated men were :

A.Germans
B. Britishers
C.Enemies
D.Friends

5.The soldiers of both the side wanted :

A.Revenge
B.War
C. Peace
D.Surrendering

6.No- mans land , is a :

A.High alert area
B.Dangerous area
C. Prohibited area
D.War zone
7.What were the colours of British and German uniforms? [1]
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8. What was the significance of white flag? [1]

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

9.What was the significance of the breaths of Jim sand Hans mingling in the air between them
[paragraph 7]? [1]

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10. Why do you think Hans was returning unwillingly to his trench ? [1]
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_______________________________________________________________________________________

11. Write contextual meanings for the italicized words in the text.
a.________________________________________________________
b.________________________________________________________
c.________________________________________________________
d.________________________________________________________
e.________________________________________________________
f.________________________________________________________
g.________________________________________________________
h.________________________________________________________
INFORMAL LETTER NUMBER 2:

You are staying in a hostel abroad . You also have a roommate , who is a very mysterious / funny
person. You have also started cooking for yourself ,though you badly need good recipes. Write a
letter to your father of 180-200 words telling him about how you cope up with things here.
Remember to tell him about :

Your room mate .

Your experience with cooking .

INFORMAL LETTER NUMBER 2:

You are staying in a hostel abroad . You also have a roommate , who is a very mysterious / funny
person. You have also started cooking for yourself ,though you badly need good recipes. Write a
letter to your father of 180-200 words telling him about how you cope up with things here.
Remember to tell him about :

Your room mate .

Your experience with cooking .

INFORMAL LETTER NUMBER 2:

You are staying in a hostel abroad . You also have a roommate , who is a very mysterious / funny
person. You have also started cooking for yourself ,though you badly need good recipes. Write a
letter to your father of 180-200 words telling him about how you cope up with things here.
Remember to tell him about :

Your room mate .

Your experience with cooking .

INFORMAL LETTER NUMBER 2:

You are staying in a hostel abroad . You also have a roommate , who is a very mysterious / funny
person. You have also started cooking for yourself ,though you badly need good recipes. Write a
letter to your father of 180-200 words telling him about how you cope up with things here.
Remember to tell him about :

Your room mate .

Your experience with cooking .
 SIMILIS & METAPHORS

Simile Vs Metaphor

When talking about metaphors you might come up with some that are actually similes. A simile is a
comparison of two different things. They usually involve the words, like, as, or than. While a simile
may seem like a metaphor it actually allows two things to be compared while remaining dis tinct. A
metaphor suggests that one thing is something else. Simili are more superficial and easily
OBSERVABLE. Metaphors have more subtle similarities , much DEEPER.

Example of a metaphor After they broke up, his heart was broken.
Example of a simile His heart felt like breaking after they broke up.
1. Sing) like an angel
1. Its raining cats and dogs.
2. (Act) like an animal
2. He tried to help but his legs were rubber.
3. (Eat) like a bird
3. Her eyes were fireflies.
4. (Fight) like cats and dogs
4. I was lost in a sea of nameless faces.
5. (Work) like a dog
5. Life is a rollercoaster.
6. Like a dream
6. His eyes were ice.
7. (Have eyes) like a hawk
7. My kids room is a disaster.
8. (Eat) like a horse
8. The alligators teeth are white daggers.
9. (Sleep) like a log
9. Time is money.
10. Like a moth to the flame
10. The wheels of justice turn slowly.
11. (Exploded) like a volcano
11. She cut him down with her words.
12. As proud as a peacock
12. The teacher planted the seed of wisdom.
13. As quick as lightning
13. The clouds sailed across the sky.
14. As quiet as a church mouse
14. The peaceful lake was a mirror.
15. As regular as clockwork
15. Your brain is a computer.
16. As sour as vinegar
16. He is a night owl.
17. As steady as a rock
17. The car was a furnace in the sun.
18. As solid as the ground we stand on
18. A blanket of snow covered the ground.
19. As sour as vinegar
19. The park was a lake after the rain.
20. As steady as a rock
20. The lawn is a green carpet.
21. As clear as crystal
21. The kids were monkeys on the jungle
22. As cold as ice
gym.
23. As cool as a cucumber
22. The stars are sparkling diamonds.
24. As dry as a bone
23. My brother is a couch potato.
25. As dull as dishwater
24. The clouds are balls of cotton.
26. As easy as ABC
25. His stomach is a black hole.
27. As hungry as a bear
26. His heart is a rock.
28. As innocent as a lamb
27. She is fishing for more.
29. As large as life
28. He was feeling blue.
30. As light as a feather
29. She is on a rollercoaster of emotions.
31. As wise as an owl
30. He has a broken heart.
32. (Racing) like a frightened rabbit
31. Books are the keys to your imagination.
33. Like two peas in a pod
32. Her angry words were bullets to him.
34. As tough as old boots
33. T he thunder was a lion.