9 SPECIAL PLANE CURVES

Lemniscate
9.1. Equation in polar coordinates:
r2 = a2 cos 2u

9.2. Equation in rectangular coordinates:

(x2 + y2)2 = a2(x2 y2)

9.3. Angle between AB or AB and x axis = 45

Fig. 9-1

9.4. Area of one loop = a 2

Cycloid
9.5. Equations in parametric form:

{x = a( sin )
y = a(1 cos )

9.6. Area of one arch = 3a2

9.7. Arc length of one arch = 8a

This is a curve described by a point P on a circle of radius a
Fig. 9-2
rolling along x axis.

Hypocycloid with Four Cusps

9.8. Equation in rectangular coordinates:
x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3

9.9. Equations in parametric form:

x = a cos3
y = a sin 3

9.10. Area bounded by curve = 83 a 2

9.11. Arc length of entire curve = 6a

This is a curve described by a point P on a circle of radius
Fig. 9-3
a/4 as it rolls on the inside of a circle of radius a.

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