metals nonmetals metalloids specific regions of the table alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition elements, coinage metals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides, actinides, inner transition elements, hydrogen properties of elements are related to atomic structure particles of the atom isotopes average atomic mass atomic number, mass number electron configuration group, period history of the atomic model Greeks Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr electron cloud model element project light electrons falling to lower energy levels