Lesson 14.

Features of the Periodic

Table
 describe the parts of the
periodic table and how to
Objectives 1 read and interpret the
At the end information presented in
of the the table; and
lesson, you
use the periodic table to
should be
able to: 2 predict the chemical
behavior of an element.
 Learn about It!

The Periodic Table

The periodic table
presents elements in
a systematic and
organized manner by
arranging them in
order of increasing
atomic number and
recurring chemical
properties.
A detailed modern periodic table.
 Learn about It!

The Periodic Table

Pertinent information per element
• Atomic number (Z)
• Chemical symbol
• Element name
• Atomic mass

Example of an element box in the periodic table.

 Learn about It!

The Periodic Table

Additional information per element
• Electron configuration
• Oxidation state/s
• Density
• Electronegativity
• Ionization energy
• Boiling point

Example of an element box in the periodic table.

 Learn about It!

The Periodic Table

How to classify elements:
1. Element type
2. Groups, periods, and blocks
3. Physical and chemical properties
 Learn about It!

Classifying Elements
Element Type
• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Metalloids

Elements classified according to type.

 Learn about It!

Metallic Elements
• Found in the left side and lower part of the periodic table
are usually seen as shiny solids.
• They have moderate to high melting points and are very
good conductors of heat and electricity. They are ductile
and malleable.
• Their valence electrons are easily lost, so they usually form
cations.
 Learn about It!

Non-metals
• Are placed on the upper part of the periodic table have
opposite properties with the metals.
• They are dull, have low melting points and are poor
conductors of heat and electricity.
• Some of them appear as solids or gases at room
temperature.
• The nonmetals tend is to gain the lost electrons from the
metals, so they usually form anions except the noble gases.
 Learn about It!

Classifying Elements
Groups
• Columns
• IUPAC notation
• 1 to 18
• CAS notation
• IA to IIA (1 to 2)
• IIIB to IIB (3 to 12)
• IIIA to VIIIA (13 to 18)
• Derivative: Families
Groups and periods of the periodic table.
IUPAC numbering Old Notation (US) Name of the Number of
Learn about It!
scheme scheme family valence electrons
1 IA Alkali metals 1
2 IIA Alkaline earth 2
metals
13 IIIA Boron group 3
14 IVA Carbon group 4
15 VA Nitrogen group 5
16 VIA Chalcogens 6
17 VIIA Halogens 7
18 VIIIA Noble gases 8
 Learn about It!

Classifying Elements
Periods
• Rows
• Corresponds to
electron shell
• Distance of
differentiating
electron to nucleus
• Volume increases as
period increases
Groups and periods of the periodic table.
 Learn about It!

Classifying Elements
Blocks
• Based on orbital type of
differentiating electron
• Four blocks
• s (Groups 1 and 2)
• p (Groups 13 to 18)
• d (Groups 3 to 12)
• f (Last 2 rows)

Blocks that compose the periodic table.

Learn about It!
 Learn about It!

• With this knowledge, we can write the electron

configuration of the elements.
• Note that in the s-block, the maximum number of electrons
that can be accommodated is two. In the p-block, there are
six in this block. In the d-block, there are ten electrons in
total. As for the f-block, there are 14 electrons.
• For elements with many electrons, the electron
configuration can be written in condensed form.
• We can write the condensed format by writing the symbol of
Learn about It!
the noble gas before given element and write the remaining
configuration to complete the number of electrons. The symbol
of the noble gas is enclosed in a square bracket, and the
atomic number of the noble gas is usually written when writing
the condensed structure.

Element Electron Configuration Condensed Electron

Configuration
Oxygen 1s2 2s2 2p4 [2He] 2s2 2p2

Sodium 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 [10Ne] 3s1

2 2 6 2 2 3 2 3
 Try it!

Name of the Chemical Electron Condensed

Element Symbol Configuration Electron
Configuration
Silicon

Magnesium
 Learn about It!

Classifying Elements
Physical and Chemical Properties
1. Representative elements
• Alkali and alkaline earth metals (groups 1 and 2)
• Boron, carbon, and nitrogen groups (groups 13 to 15)
• Chalcogens, halogens, and noble gases (groups 16 to 18)
2. Transition metals
• Groups 3 to 11
• Group 12 elements not usually considered as such due to
their electron configuration
 Learn about It!

Classifying Elements
Physical and Chemical Properties
3. Inner transition elements
• Lanthanides: period 6, elements 57 to 71
• Actinides: period 7, elements 89 to 103
Key Points

The first information that the periodic table typically

provides is the type of an element. An element can be a
metal, a nonmetal, or a metalloid.
● Metals are usually found on the left side of the periodic
table, except for hydrogen.
1 ● Nonmetals are usually found on the right side of the
periodic table.
● Metalloids are found between representative metal
and nonmetal elements and are usually recognized in a
ladder-like pattern.
Key Points

When elements are clustered vertically, they are called

2 groups or families. When elements are clustered per row,
they are collectively called periods.

The periodic table of elements is divided into four major

groups: the representative elements which are labeled
3 as the A group, the transition elements which are
labeled as the B group, and the actinides and
lanthanides found at the bottom of the periodic table.
Key Points

Similarly, the periodic table of elements can also be

4 divided into four blocks: s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks.

The families of elements are based on their group

numbers: alkali metals (1), alkali earth metals (2),
transition metals (3–12), boron group (13), carbon group
5 (14), nitrogen group (15), chalcogens (16), halogens (17),
and noble gases (18). The other two families not based on
groups are lanthanides and actinides, which are part of
the f-block.