FEATURES OF THE

PERIODIC TABLE
 describe the parts of the
periodic table and how to
Objectives 1 read and interpret the
At the end information presented in
of the the table.
lesson, you
use the periodic table to
should be
able to: 2 predict the chemical
behavior of an element.
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The Periodic Table

The periodic table
presents elements in
a systematic and
organized manner by
arranging them in
order of increasing
atomic number and
recurring chemical
properties.
A detailed modern periodic table.
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• An Element of Order many scientists

devised periodic systems in the 1860s,
but Dmitri Mendeleev is today
recognized as the father of the
periodic table.
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The Periodic Table

Pertinent information per element
• Atomic number (Z)
• Chemical symbol
• Element name
• Atomic mass

Example of an element box in the periodic table.

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The Periodic Table

Additional information per element
• Electron configuration
• Oxidation state/s
• Density
• Electronegativity
• Ionization energy
• Boiling point

Example of an element box in the periodic table.

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The Periodic Table

How to classify elements:
1. Element type
2. Groups, periods, and blocks
3. Physical and chemical properties
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Classifying Elements
Element Type
• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Metalloids

Elements classified according to type.

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Metallic Elements
• Found in the left side and lower part of the periodic table
are usually seen as shiny solids.
• They have moderate to high melting points and are very
good conductors of heat and electricity. They are ductile
and malleable.
• Their valence electrons are easily lost, so they usually form
cations.
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Non-metals
• Are placed on the upper part of the periodic table have
opposite properties with the metals.
• They are dull, have low melting points and are poor
conductors of heat and electricity.
• Some of them appear as solids or gases at room
temperature.
• The nonmetals tend is to gain the lost electrons from the
metals, so they usually form anions except the noble gases.
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Classifying Elements
Groups
• Columns
• IUPAC notation
• 1 to 18
• CAS notation
• IA to IIA (1 to 2)
• IIIB to IIB (3 to 12)
• IIIA to VIIIA (13 to 18)
• Derivative: Families
Groups and periods of the periodic table.
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IUPAC numbering Old Notation (US) Name of the Number of
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scheme scheme family valence electrons
1 IA Alkali metals 1
2 IIA Alkaline earth 2
metals
13 IIIA Boron group 3
14 IVA Carbon group 4
15 VA Nitrogen group 5
16 VIA Chalcogens 6
17 VIIA Halogens 7
18 VIIIA Noble gases 8
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Classifying Elements
Periods
• Rows
• Corresponds to
electron shell
• Distance of
differentiating
electron to nucleus
• Volume increases as
period increases
Groups and periods of the periodic table.
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Classifying Elements
Blocks
• Based on orbital type of
differentiating electron
• Four blocks
• s (Groups 1 and 2)
• p (Groups 13 to 18)
• d (Groups 3 to 12)
• f (Last 2 rows)

Blocks that compose the periodic table.

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• With this knowledge, we can write the electron

configuration of the elements.
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• Note that in the s-block, the

maximum number of electrons that
can be accommodated is two. In the
p-block, there are six in this block.
In the d-block, there are ten
electrons in total. As for the f-block,
there are 14 electrons.
• For elements with many electrons,
the electron configuration can be
written in condensed form.
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Write the electron configuration of the following

elements:

1. Aluminum

2. Potassium
• We can write the condensed format by writing the symbol of
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the noble gas before given element and write the remaining
configuration to complete the number of electrons. The symbol
of the noble gas is enclosed in a square bracket, and the
atomic number of the noble gas is usually written when writing
the condensed structure.

Element Electron Configuration Condensed Electron

Configuration
Oxygen 1s2 2s2 2p4 [2He] 2s2 2p2

Sodium 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 [10Ne] 3s1

2 2 6 2 2 3 2 3
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Name of the Chemical Electron Condensed

Element Symbol Configuration Electron
Configuration
Silicon

Magnesium
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Classifying Elements
Physical and Chemical Properties
1. Representative elements
• Alkali and alkaline earth metals (groups 1 and 2)
• Boron, carbon, and nitrogen groups (groups 13 to 15)
• Chalcogens, halogens, and noble gases (groups 16 to 18)
2. Transition metals
• Groups 3 to 11
• Group 12 elements not usually considered as such due to
their electron configuration
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Classifying Elements
Physical and Chemical Properties
3. Inner transition elements
• Lanthanides: period 6, elements 57 to 71
• Actinides: period 7, elements 89 to 103