PA.46-5001P Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Chapter 7 Flight Instrumentation Table of Contents Overview.. Reversionary Mode MFD Failure Pitot System. Static System Standby Instruments. Primary Flight Display. Multi Function Display (MFD) Engine Exceedances.. Weights and Fuel Information. Crew Alerting System (CAS) Messages. Traffic Advisory System (TAS) Optional. Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) Optional. 35 Weather Radar.. Extended Sensitivity Time Constant (STC) WATCH (Weather Attenuated Color Highlight) Garmin Datalink (GDL) Optional XM Radio Entertainment. Limitations Emergency Procedures FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09 FOR TRARING PURPOSES ONLYThis Page Intentionally Left BlankPA-46-500TP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Overview The Malibu Meridian consists of the Garmin G 1000 Avionics System Integrated Cockpit The G1000 system features dual 10” Primary Fight Displays (PFD) and a 15° Multi Function Display (MFD), An FMS Keypad, dual audio panels for the pilot and copilot, dual Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS), dual Air Data Comput- ers (ADC), and sensors and computers that process flight and engine information to be displayed on the PFD and the MFD for the pilot. The system also incorporates dual GPS WAAS receiv- ers, dual VOR/ILS receivers, dual VHF communications trans- ceivers, dual transponders, and a Crew Alerting System (CAS) to alert the pilot of status (advisory) annunciations, caution annunciations, and warning annunciations. The G1000 system provides system messages which alert the pilot to abnormali- fies associated with the G1000 system. The G 1000 system also has an integrated Class B TAWS system, traffic system, and integrated weather radar. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09Sh Line Replaceable Units (LRU's) Installed behind the flight in- strument panel are LRU's, they consist of several modules that make up the G1000 avion- ics functions. GRS 77Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) The two GRS 77units pro- cess information received from different sensors such as accelerometers and rate sensors, air data, magnetic variation, and the GIA 63W's to receive GPS information. This information is processed and displayed on the Primary Flight Displays to give the pilot attitude and heading aware- ness. The G1000 system incorporates two GRS 77 AHRS Units for redundancy. The AHRS has internal monitors to determine the validity of its parameters. If a parameter is suspect but still within tolerance of the internal monitors, the appropriate MIS- COMPARE annunciation will be posted, the pilot shall consider similar parameters for comparison, The pilot must determine the suspect parameter. If the parameter is determined invalid by the internal monitors, a red X is displayed over the invalid parameter and a NO COMPARE annunciation is displayed. If the entire AHRS becomes invalid while in flight, The G1000 sys- tem will autornatically select the other AHRS, as indicated by a BOTH ON AHRS 1 or BOTH ON AHRS 2 annunciation, depend- ing on which AHRS is functioning, and display the appropriate NO COMPARE annunciations. FOR TRANING PURPOSES ONY MERIDIAN PRes-SOOTP 6/09FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION. 6/0 PA-46-500TP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual In this situation the autopilot will become inoperative. If the AHRS becomes valid again, the pilot should must manually re-select that AHRS if desired. Selection of which AHRS should bbe used or is being used is nade via the SENSOR soft key on the PFD. If both AHRS become invalid, a red-X and amber AT- TITUDE FAIL will be displayed on the attitude indicator and a red-X and amber HDG will be displayed on the heading dis- play, The course pointer on the HS! will indicate straight up and the course may be set using the digital window. The AHRS will align while the aircraft is in motion, but will align quicker if the wings are kept level during the alignment process. GDC 74A Air Data Computer (apc) The Two GDC 74A units re- ¥ ceive information from the pitot/static system and the outside temperature probes. This information is processed and than displays pressure attitude, airspeed, vertical speed, and outside air tem- perature on the Primary Flight Displays. This information is also used by the FMS and the traffic system The ADC incorporates internal monitors to determine validity of its parameters. If a parameter is suspect but still within toler- ance of the internal monitors, the appropriate MISCOMPARE annunciation will be displayed and the pilot, considering similar parameters for comparison, must determine the suspect pa- rameter. If the parameter is determined invalid by the intemal monitors, a red X is displayed over the invalid parameter and a NO COMPARE annunciation is displayed, If the entire ADC becomes invalid while in flight, the G1000 system will automati- cally select the other ADC, as indicated by a BOTH ON ADC 1 or BOTH ON ADC 2 annunciation, depending on which ADC is functioning, and display the appropriate NO COMPARE an- nunciations. If the ADC becomes valid again, the pilot must manually re-select that ADC if desired via the SENSOR soft key on the PED. If both ADC's become invalid, a red-X and amber AIRSPEED FAIL, ALTITUDE FAIL and VERTICAL SPEED FAIL will be displayed on the appropriate display. FOR TRAPUNG PURPOSES ONLY BGMU 44 Magnetrometers Two magnetrometers are installed in the vertical fin area to receive local magnetic field information and than process it through the AHRS GRS 77 unit to determine the aircrat's magnetic heading and than display it for the pilot on the primary flight displays, GMA 1347 Audio panels Two audio control panels are installed in the flight instrument panel. One of the units is lo- cated to the left of the pilot's PFD and the sec- ond audio panel is located to the right of the copilots PFD. They integrate NAV/COM digital audio, intercom, and marker beacon controls. These units can also enable the manual control of the display reversionary mode ( red DIS- PLAY BACKUP button). The audio panels also incorporate a clearance recorder that records the last 2 % minutes of received audio. When the full length of the 2 % minutes have been used, the recorder will record over the previous recordings with newly received audio os | FOR TRANIN PURPOSES ONLY MERION PRAS-SOOTP 6/09FUGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09, PA-46-S001P Malibu Moridian Reference Manual Reversionary Mode ‘A. PFD FALAAFD It REVERSONARY MODE PFD Failure In reversionary mode all of the important flight information can be displayed on the MFO. If the pilot's PFD fails the pilot can go inta reversionary mode and display the information on the MFD by selecting the red manual display backup button located on the lower part of the associated audio panel. The MFD will now display the PFD’ information, including the pilot's selectable data fields, auto pilots annunciations, transponder information, and G1000 system messages. Information retained from the MFD will also be displayed, including CAS messages, engine parameters, flight planning information with DTK and DIS fields, and an inset map with all the features except radar. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY‘A. NED FAIL/PFD IN REVERSIONARY MODE MFD Failure if the MFD fails the information will automatically switch to the PFD for emergency use. The red DISPLAY BACKUP button located on the lower part of the associated audio panel should also be pressed. In this mode, the PFD will display the engine parameters, including the CAS messages and autopilot annun- Ciations. And only limited map functions will be displayed within the inset map.PA.46-800TP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual itot System The pitot tubes are located on the lower surface of the cen- ter wings. The left pitot tube supplies the # 1 ADC unit with ram air and it also supplies the standby airspeed indica- tor directly with ram air. The right pitot tube supplies the # 2 ADC with ram air. This infor- mation is processed by both ADC units and than sent to the . primary flight displays for the pilot The pitot tubes are protected against icing by integral, electri- cally-powered heating elements to ensure accurate airspeed indication during icing conditions. A push button switch labeled PITOT HEAT on the switch panel above the copilot’s windshield contrals DC current flow to the pitot tube heating element. A light on the switch indicates that the switch is in the “on” posi- tion. And if the pitot heat is in the off position a crew alert mes- sage appears in amber on the multi function display showing [PITOT HEAT OFF] along with the message pitot heat has not been selected ON (no chime accompanies this CAS message). Main bus power is supplied to the heating elements of the pitot tubes through the 10-amp L PITOT HEAT and R PITOT HEAT circuit breakers. If a pitot heat fails independently of each other itis indicated by the following .A failure of the left pitot heat is indicated by an amber caution [L PITOT HT FAIL] CAS message and a single aural chime .And a failure of the right pitot heat is indicated by an amber caution [R PITOT HT FAIL] CAS message and a single aural chime. f both leit pitot heat and right pitot heat fails then a Red warning [L PITOT HT FAIL] and [R PITOT HT FAIL] CAS messages will appear on the crew alert system on the multi function display accompanied by a repeating aural chime. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/03Static System van VES ee? CLEAN AL ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE SELECTOR ‘A. ALTERNATE. STAMC SOURCE The static system consists of several static ports that supply both # 1 and # 2 ADC units and to supply static pressure di- rectly to the standby airspeed indicator and the standby al- timeter. The two primary static source ports are located on the underside of the fuselage. The two alternate static source ports are located on the left and right aft sides of the fuselage. An alternate static source selector control is located on the pilots left kick panel. For the primary static source position the con- trol toggle should be in the down position and for the alternate static source the control toggle should be in the up position FOR TRARNNG PURPOSES ONLY MERDIAN PAASOOTP 6/09FUGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09 PA-46-500TP Malibu Moridi Reference Manual During alternate static source operation, the airspeed, altimeter, and verlical speed may give slightly different readings. Correc- tions for each operating mode can be found in section 5 (per- formance) in the pilot's operating handbook. A third static source is located on the underside of the aft fuse- lage in close proximity of the primary static sources. This static source is for static pressure for the outflow valve for the pres- surization system, The pitot and static system can be drained through separate drain valves locate on the lower left side panel next to the pilots seat and on the lower right panel next to the copilot's seat. On the pilot's side there are three drain valves, the aft drain is for the pilots pitot drain and the center drain valve is for the alter- nate static system and the forward drain valve is for the pilot's static system. On the copilot's side the aft drain valve is for the copilot’s pitot system and the forward drain valve is for the copilot's static system. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYStandby Instruments The standby instruments include an airspeed indica- tor that is connected to the left pitot tube and directly to the static system, a baromet- ric altimeter is installed and is also connected directly to the static system. An electric standby attitude indicator is also provided and is con- trolled by a switch located to the left of the standby attitude indicator and is labeled STBY GYRO ON/OFF. Prior to acti- vating the standby gyro, the emergency battery should be tested by pressing the STBY GYRO TEST button and noting the white advisory [STBY BAT TEST OK] CAS message on the MFD or PFD as appropri- ate. The standby attitude indi- cator has It's own emergency battary and contains I'sown heater to handle the extreme ‘A STANDBY ATTITUDE INDICATOR cold conditions and is located in the radar pod. The emergency battery is reliable for at least 30 minutes in the event of a total electrical failure, The battery is charged by the aircrat’s electrical system under normal condi- tions. A power warning flag is rotated out of sight on the front of the attitude indicator under normal operation, when power is inter- rupted the flag will rotate and reappear. Bi FOR TRANG PURPOSES ONLY MERON PASESOOTP 6/09FLIGHT INSTRUNENTATION 6/09 PA-46-5001P Mal Magnetic Compass A conventional magnetic ‘compass with deviation card is located between the wind- shields. It requires no external power sources except for lighting. Primary Flight Display The G1000 system incorporates two GDU 1040 Primary Flight Displays (PFD) for the pilot and copilot. The PFD displays at- titude, airspeed, altitude, vertical speed, and heading informa- tion in an easy to read format. Siip information is displayed as a trapezoid under the bank pointer. This reduces the pilot's workload while increasing the pilot's situational awareness The PFD also displays navigation information, communications terrain, traffic, and weather. All of these items will be discussed in this chapter and more detailed information can be found in the pilot's operating handbook and the Garmin Pilot’s Guide. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYAttitude Indicator The attitude indicator on the Primary Flight Display is simi- lar to a conventional artificial horizon. It displays the sky as blue and the ground as brown. An attitude pitch tape in the attitude indicator is labeled for every 10°, and limited to 80° up or down. If pitch up exceeds 50° above the hori- zon lin, red warning chevrons will be displayed. Conversely, if pitch down exceeds 30° below the horizon line, red warning chevrons will also be displayed. Secondary information is removed on the PFD and its corre- sponding soft keys are disabled when pitch exceeds +30°/-20° or bank exceeds 65°. This de-clutters the PFD in the event of an unusual attitude situation to assist the pilot in re-gaining aircraft control. The bank indicator of the attitude indicator shows the pilot the current bank angle. Bank graduations are displayed at 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 degrees of bank and are shown to the left and right of the zero mark which is represented as an inverted trian- gle. The larger bank angle marks represent 30 and 60 degrees. A skid/slip indicator is displayed as a trapezoid on the bottom half of the roll pointer. This replaces a conventional skid-slip in- dicator; however, the indications remain intuitive. The technique for keeping the aircraft in coordinated flight remains the same. The indicator moves with the roll pointer and as lateral accel- eration becomes stronger the skid/slip indicator moves away from the pointer. Skidi/slip is indicated by the location of the trapezoid relative to the pointer. To maintain coordinated flight the pilot should push on the rudder in relationship to the side the skid/slip indicator has moved to. (IE: if the skid/slip indicator moves to the right af the roll pointer, then the pilot should push on the right rudder pedal). FOR TRAINNG PURPOSES ONLY NEROAN PREESOOTP 6/09FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6,09 PA-46-5001P Malibu Meridian Reference Man The rate of turn indicator is located above the compass card The marks to the left and right of the lubber line represent half- standard tum rates with smaller marks and the larger marks represent standard turn rates. The current tum rate is displayed by a magenta trend vector. The end of the trend vector gives, the heading predicted in 6 seconds based on the current rate of turn. At rates of 4° or higher an arrow will appear on the end of the trend vector and the predicted headings are no longer valid. Airspeed Indicator Airspeed is displayed as a sliding scale (airspeed tape) and a numeric readout in the airspeed window. As airspeed increases, the airspeed line moves from bottom to top starting at 20 knots. The airspeed tape is labeled for every 10 knots with a numeric value and is marked for every 6 knots with a small tick mark. True airspeed is dis- played in knots with a digital readout below the airspeed tape. A color cod- ed speed range strip is located on the airspeed tape that denotes white for maximum flap (36°) operating range, green for normal operating range, and a red and white barber pole for overspeed (Vmo). A red range is also depicted for low speed awareness An airspeed trend vector is displayed in magenta to the right of the airspeed color code that extends up or down to predict the airspeed to be reached in the next 6 seconds if the current rate af airspeed is maintained. If the airspeed trend vector reaches or exceeds the \Vmo mark the numeric airspeed in the window changes to yellow. If the ac- tual airspeed reaches or exceeds Vmo (188 knots) then the numeric airspeed readout in the window turns red and an aural repeating warning will sound. Lice Tay FOR TRANING PURPOSES ONYSpeed reference flags can be set on the airspeed tape by the pilot from the timer/reference window, for the following air- speeds Vr, Vx, Vy, Flap 10 (F10), Flap 20 (F20), Flap 36 (F36) Note: The reference speeds can not be changed, but they can be tumad on and off Altimeter Altitude is displayed as a sliding scale (altimeter tape) and a numeric readout in the altimeter window. The altitude tape displays 600 feet of barometric altitude in view at a time, The altitude tape is labeled for every 100 feet with a numeric value and is marked for every 20 feet with a small tick mark. A magenta alti- tude trend vector is located on the left side of the altimeter tape and extends up or down to predict the altitude to be reached in the next 6 seconds if the cur- rent vertical speed rate is maintained. An altitude bug can be set as a cue to remind the pilot that the preselected altitude is approaching, and to communi- cate with the flight director and autopilot. Annumeric readout for altitude preselect is located above the altimeter tape. The altitude preselect knob is located to the lower left side of each PFD and the GMC 710 autopilot control. Altitudes can be selected in 100 foot increments, if the baro-min reference is set, the selected altitude can be set in 10 foot increments tomatch the baro-min value Minimum descent altitude (MDA) and decision height (DH) can also be select- ed and is depicted by a separate bug located an the left side of the altimeter tape. FOR TRANING PURPOSES ONLY ERDINPASESOOTP 6/03PA-46-500TP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual A barometric pressure setting is displayed below the altimeter tape. The barometric setting can be displayed in inches of mercury (in Hg) or in hectopascals (hPa) when metric setting is used. These altimeter readout options can be set by using the PFD second level soft keys. To display altitude in meters go to the PFD second level soft keys to select this option Barometric pressure can be set by using the BARO knob lo- cated on the right side of each PFD. Standard barometric pressure can be set by either turning the BARO knob to select, standard setting or by pressing the BARO knob inward, If the barometric pressure altimeter settings differ more than 0.02 in Hg. The readouts turn yellow. The settings can be synchronized by going to the MFD AUX chapter system setup page, and then tum on the BARO SYNC, once synchronized they will remain that way for the entire tight, Vertical Speed Indicator ‘The vertical speed indicator includes a vertical speed scale that ranges fram + 4000 feet per minute to — 4000 feet per min- ute and is labeled with numeric marks at 2000 and 4000 feet per minute in each direction and has small tick marks for 1000 and 3000 feet per minute in each direction. A black vertical speed pointer is displayed to point to the current vertical speed on the vertical speed scale and it also has a digital readout within it to show the precise vertical speed. Digits appear in the pointer when the vertical speed for climb or descent is greater than 100 feet per minute. If the rate of climb or descent exceeds 4000 fest per minute, the pointer appears at the corresponding edge of the tape and the rate appears inside the pointer. A magenta chevron bug is displayed as the required vertical speed indication for reaching a VNV target altitude once the TOD (Top of Descent) within 1 minute alert has been gener- ated, See the Flight Management and AFCS sections of the Garmin Integrated Cockpit Guide for details on VNV features. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/08(HSI) The horizontal situation in- dicator displays a rotating compass in a heading-up orientation. Cardinal points are represented by letters and nu- meric labels are displayed ev- ery 30°. Larger tick marks are at 10° intervals and smaller tick marks are at 5° intervals. A digital heading readout ap- pears on the top of the com- pass rose of the HSI, and the current track is represented by a magenta diamond bug. The rate of tum is also displayed above the compass rose. The 360° HIS displays a course deviation indicator (CDI) with a course pointer, a TO/FROM indicator, and a deviation bar and scale, The course pointer is displayed as a single line arrow for GPS 1, VOR 1, and LOC 1. The course pointer is displayed as a double line arrow for GPS2, VOR 2, and LOC 2. Both will point in the direction of the set course. The TO/FROM arrow rotates with the course pointer and is displayed when the active navaid is received. Course selection knobs are located on both PFD's and the au- topilot control panel, Pressing the course knob inward will sync the course pointer to the bearing of the active waypoint or navi- gation station, (Refer to the Garmin pilots guide for information on OBS Mode for adjusting a GPS course). When a new course is selected a window will appear in the upper right of the HS} that displays a digital readout of the selected course, this win- dow will be displayed for 3 seconds after being adjusted. A light blue heading bug is also displayed on the HSI , the heading bug can be controlled from either PFD or the auto pilot control panel. Pressing any of the heading knobs inward will sync the heading bug to the current heading. When a new heading is selected a window will appear to the upper left of the HS! that displays a digital readout of the selected heading for the heading bug, this window will be displayed for 3 sec- onds after being adjusted Ea FOR TRANING PURPOSES MERDIAN ®A46500TP 6/09PA-46-500TP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Course Deviation Indicator (cD!) The CDI can display GPS or NAV (VOR and Localizer). I the navigation source is GPS the course pointer is displayed in magenta. If the navigation source is a VOR or Local- izer the navigation pointer is displayed in green, If the CDI exceeds maximum devia- tion on the scale (two dots) while navigating with GPS, the crosstrack error (XTK) is displayed below the white aircraft symbol. Changing the navigation source can be done by pressing the CDI soft key. If the course deviation data is not valid, the CDI will not be displayed. If the same VOR/LOC navigation source is selected on both PFD's, the navigation source annunciation tums yellow on both displays (unless synchronized). Once the CD's are synchronized (CDI SYNC turned on), they remain synchronized for the entire flight. To synchronize the CDs, 0 to the MFD AUX chapter system setup page. The system automatically switches from GPS to LOC navigation source and changes the CDI scaling when all of the following occur, A localizer or ILS approach has been loaded into the active flight plan, The final approach fix (FAF) is the active leg, the FAF is less than 15NM away, and the aircraft is moving toward the FAF. A valid localizer frequency has been tuned. The GPS CD! de- viation is less than 1.2 times full-scale deflection, Note: GPS steering guidance is still provided after the CDI automatically switches to LOC until LOC capture, up to the FAF for an ILS approach, or until GPS information becomes invalid Activating a Vector-to-Final (see the Flight Management Sec- tion) also causes to switch to LOC navigation source; GPS steering guidance is not provided after this switch FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09Glideslope Indicator The Glideslope indicator appears to the left of the Altimeter whenever an ILS frequency is tuned in the active NAV field. It is displayed as a green diamond that acts as a glideslope indica- tor that acts as a conventional glideslope needle. If a localizer frequency is tuned and the glidasiope indicator does not ap- pear, NO GS is annunciated ey Ey deslve Trdeator Glidepath Indicator The glidepath indicator is used to represent the glidestope for GPS WASS approaches for vertical guidance, (LNAV+V, LNAV/ \VNAV, and LPV) and is generated by the system to reduce the pilot’s workload during an approach. When an approach of this type is loaded into the flight plan and GPS is the selected navi- gation source, the glidepath indicator appears as a magenta diamond. If the approach type downgrades past the FAF, NO GP is annunciated. FOR TRANNG PURPOSES ONY MERDIANPAAESOOTP 6/03PA-46-5001P Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Wind Data Wind direction and speed can be displayed in a window to the upper left of the HSI. When the window is selected it can be displayed in three different ways. When wind informa- tion is invalid or unavailable the window shows NO WIND DATA. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09 FOR TRANG PURPOSES ONLY BSynthetic Vision Technology (SVT) The G1000 system also features synthetic technology. The system gives the pilot a SD image of the terrain environment. It provides a 60° lateral view and a 45° vertical view. It increases the pilot's situation awareness with terrain, and it alerts the pilot of a potential threat. Synthetic vision will also appear on the MED when using reversionary mode. Synthetic Vision offers the following features, Terrain Alerting, Obstacle Alerting, Pathways, flight Path Marker, Zero Pitch Line, Horizon Heading Marks, Traffic Display, Airport Signs, Runway Display. To display the synthetic vision and pathways, use the soft keys, When using the pathways the color of the boxes will correspond to the type of navigation source and match the color of the CD! pointer. if using a GPS navigation the color of the pathway boxes will be displayed as the same color of the CDI pointer, Magenta. If the navigation source is, a VOR or Localizer, then the pathway boxes and CDI pointer color will be displayed as green. FOR TRANG PURPOSES ONLY NERDIN PAABSOOTP 6/09FUGHT INSTRUNENTATION 6/09 PA-46-500TP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual MFD/PFD Keypad Control Unit The MFD/PFD keypad control unit is located aff of the power lever console. It has @ user interface allowing for ease of date entry, MED/PFD operation, and NAV/COM tuning. Many proce- dures can be performed using the keypad rather than the PFD and MFD bezel controls. Indicators above the PFD, MFD, NAV, and COM keys are illuminated when their respective control mode(s) are selected. The unit is in MFD mode by default on power-up. NAVICOM radio tuning can be accomplished in either MFD ‘or PFD control mode. The appropriate frequency box on the selected display is outlined by a light blue box, which flashes. for a few seconds to indicate control unit activity. Selection of a different display control or radio tuning will result in the cancel- Jation of the previous radio tuning mode.Autopilot Integration ‘The GFC 700 Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) is a 2-axis autopilot with integrated yaw damper and flight direo- tor system, controlled through a dedicated autopilot controller mounted below the MED, which provides the pilot with the fol- lowing features: * One autopilot controller (GMC) which contains the following mode control buttons: AP (autopilot engage/ disengage); FD (Flight Director On/Off); HDG (Heading mode On/Oi); NAV (Nav mode On/Off); APR (Approach mode On/Off); ALT (Altitude Hold mode On/Off); VS. (Vertical Speed mode On/Off); FLC (Flight Level Change mode On/Off); NOSE UP and NOSE DN (vertical mode reference change). * Servos with autopilot processing logic in the pitch, roll and pitch trim control systems. . Servo mounts and brackets * Flight Director processing logic in the GIAs * Control wheel-mounted elevator electric pitch trim switch (split switch) * Control wheel-mounted trim interrupt and autopilot dis connect switches * Control wheel-mounted CWS (Control Wheel Steering) ‘switch Remote-mounted go-around switch on the throttle PFD/MFD mounted altitude preselect knobs Yaw Damper system with "YD" switch the mode controller ‘The GFC 700 autopilot contains an electric pitch trim system which is used by the autopilat for automatic pitch trim during automatic operation and manual electric pitch trim when the au- tomatic is not engaged. The electric pitch trim system is oper- ated by a split switch on the pilot’s and copilot's control wheels. The GFC 700 autopilot and manual electric trim will not operate if the system has not satisfactorily completed a preflight test as indicated by a PFT annunciation or if a red AFCS annunciation is present. FOR TRANNG PLAPOSES ONLY ERDIAN PRAGSOOTP 6/09FLIGHT INSTRUNENTATION 6/09 PA-46-500TP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Upon initial system power-up and verification of required sen- sor inputs, the autopilo/flight director system undergoes pre- flight test. At the end of the test, a two-tone aural sounds and the PFT and AFCS annunciations are removed. Successful completion of the preflight test is required for the electric pitch trim and autopilot to engage. Annunciation of the flight director and autopilot modes is shown in the autopilot status field of the PFD. In general, green indi- cates active modes and white indicates armed modes. When a mode is directly selected by the pilot, no flashing of the mode will occur. When automatic mode changes occur, they will be annunciated with a flashing annunciation of the new mode for ten seconds in green. If amode becomes unavailable for any reason, the mode will flash for ten seconds in yellow and be replaced by the default ROL mode in green. Autopilot operation below 90 KIAS and above 175 KIAS in any made is not authorized. Autopilot coupled approaches below 100 KIAS is not authorized The autopilot features an overspeed recovery submode which becomes active when the aircraft actual or projected alr- speed exceeds Vmo exceedance is no longer a factor, The overspeed recovery mode provides a pitch up command to a maximum level flight attitude to lessen the descent rate and to decelerate the airplane below Vmo. Since the airplane does not climb in overspeed recovery made, the pilot may have to reduce power to avoid exceeding Vmo while in level flight. Overspeed recovery is not active in altitude hold (ALT) or glideslope (GS) modes. The airspeed reference (FLC), which is adjustable through a speed range of 90 to 175 KIAS, cannot be adjusted while in overspeed recavery mode. Normal autopilot disconnects are annunciated with a yellow flashing AP on the PFD accompanied by a two second autopilot disconnect tone. Normal disconnects are those initiated by the pilot with the A/P DISC switch on the control yoke, the manual pitch trim switch, or the GA button. Abnormal disconnects will be accompanied by a red flashing AP on the PFD accom- panied by a continuous autopilot disconnect tone. Abnormal disconnects are those detected by the system, such as total AHRS failure and stall warning hom activation. The disconnect tone may be silenced by pressing the A/P DISC switch or the manual pitch trim switch FOR TRAINNG PURPOSES ONLY EiSIMCOM Note: Specific fault annunciations and associated emergency procedures are discussed in the Emergency Procedures, Sec- tion 3, The following concitions will cause the autopilot and yaw damp- er to disengage: * Electrical power failure, including pulling the AUTOPILOT and/or GMC circuit breakers * Internal autopilot system failure i. Total AHRS malfunction * Depressing the red AVP DISC switch on the pilot's control wheel * Actuating either half or both halves of the manual electric pitch trim split switch * Pushing the AP button on the autopilot mode controller when the autopilot is engaged Pushing the GA button on the throttle handle Stall warning hom activation Depressing the CWS (Control Wheel Steering) will disconnect the servos from the flight controls as long as the switch is depressed, and re-engage upon release Upon release the system will synchronize to the existing airspeed/pitch, or rall angle depending upon the mode selected. Review the Cockpit Reference Guide for additional information. * Activating the EMER switch (with Battery, Alternator and Generator OFF). Power to the pitch, roll and yaw servos is supplied through the AUTOPILOT circuit breaker. The pitch trim servo is powered through the PITCH TRIM circuit breaker and the Garmin Mode Controller (GMC) is powered through the GMC circuit breaker. The AVIONICS master switch can also function as an emer- gency autopilot disconnect switch should the red disconnect switch on the cantrol yoke fail The autopilot mode controller contains a button labeled "SPD", which allows the airplane to hold a constant Mach number. This button is deactivated for the Meridian and should the pilot depress the button a system message, “SPD KEY DISABLED The SPD key is disabled for this model aircraft’, will be dis- played FOR TRANING PURPOSES ONLY MERIDIAN PAAGSOOTP 6/09FUGHT INSTRUNENTATION 6/09, PA-46-500TP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Multi Function Display (MFD) The multi-function display is a 15 inch display and is the prima- ry display for the engine operating readouts. The multi-function display also shows map information, including map pages for navigation, traffic, weather radar, stormscope, weather datalink and TAWS. Other chapters displayed on the multi-function dis- play are waypoint information, nearest functions, charts, flight plan information, approach procedures, and the crew alerling system (CAS),SIMCOM gE FOR TRANG PLRPOSES ONLY MEAIDAN PAA6S0OTP 6/09 Four main page groups display information on the MFD. Pages within a main group can vary with installation of optional equip- ment, White hollow boxes on the right of the Main group menu is for the pages within the group the solid white box depicts the current active page. The main groups are Map, Waypoint Auxiliary, and Nearest. Map Pages (MAP) Navigation Map Traffic Map Weather Radar StormScope (optional) Weather Data Link (service optional) Terrain Proximity Waypoint Pages (WPT) Airport Information pages Airport Information (INFO soft key) Departure Information (DP soft key) Arrival Information (STAR soft key) Approach Information (APR soft key) Weather Information (WX soft key) Intersection Information NDB Information VOR Information User Waypoint Information Auxiliary Pages (AUX) Weights, Fuel, Exceedances Trip Planning Utility GPS Status System Setup XM Satel lite pages XM Information (INFO soft key) System Status Nearest Pages (NRST) Nearest Airports Nearest Intersections Nearest NDB Nearest VOR Nearest User Waypoints Nearest Frequencies Nearest AirspacesPA-46-5001P Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Engine Exceedances Engine parameter exceedances can be found in the MFD's Auxiliary groups weights, fuel, exceedance page. Information in the exceedance box is as follows, UTC date and time, the pa- rameter that was exceeded, the peak value of the exceedance, and the duration of the exceedance, Up to 8 exceedances can be displayed in the exceedance box when more than 8 exceedances are recorded a scroll bar will appear on the right of the exceedance box, The fields in the exceedance box can not be edited Weights and Fuel Information Weights and fuel can also be found within this page. It is rec- ommended that after start up and power up to the MFD has been applied that the pilot should press the FOB soft key to set the fuel level in the Fuel page so the fuel calculations for fight will be as accurate as possible. FUGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/08Crew Alerting System (CAS) Messages The Crew Alerting System (CAS) consists of Master Warning and Master Caution Indicators operating in conjunction with CAS text messages. CAS text messages appear in the lower left area of The Multi Function Display (MFD) during normal of erations and in the right side area of the Primary Flight Display's (PFD's) during reversionary mode operation. The CAS message window is capable of displaying 14 CAS messages in the nor- mal operating mode and 13 CAS messages in the reversionary mode. Should the total number of CAS messages exceed these values the oldest message will be removed from the window until the total message count is reduced to 14 in normal mode or 13 in reversionary mode. The Master Warning and Master Caution Indicators are illuminated push-button switches cen- tered above the pilot's PFD. The severity of CAS messages are categorized as Waning, Caution, and Advisory as follows, FOR TRANING PURPOSES ONLY MERON PASE-SOOTP 6/09PA-46-00TP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Red Warning Messages Warning messages consist of a Red Master Warning indica- tor, located above the pilot's PFD, and a flashing (inversely red ‘on white) CAS Warning text message located in the lower left comer of the MFD. Warnings are accompanied by a continuous aural chime, which can be silenced by pressing (acknowledg- ing) the MASTER WARN RESET switch. When acknowledged, the MASTER WARN RESET switch will extinguish, the CAS Warning text message will stop flashing and will revert to nor- mal (red on black) annunciation, and the aural chime will si lence. CAS Warning text messages will persist until the initiating condition is removed. If the warning was initiated by an engine Parameter, that parameter's indication will continue to flash until the condition is removed. Amber Caution Messages Caution messages consist of an amber Master Caution indica- tor, located above the pilot's PFD, and a flashing (inversely black on amber) CAS Caution text message located in the lower left corner of the MFD. Cautions are accompanied by a single aural chime. Caution messages can be acknowledged by pressing the MASTER CAUTION RESET switch, When ac- knowledged, the MASTER CAUTION RESET switch will extin- guish and the CAS Caution text message will stop flashing and revert to a normal (amber on black) annunciation. CAS Caution text messages will persist until the initiating condition is re- moved. White Advisory Messages CAS Advisory text messages appear in the CAS window in white text, Advisory messages do not require acknowledge- ment and are not accompanied by aural chimes. CAS Advisory Messages persist until the initiating condition is removed. FUGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09 crnmmoneosow EIFOR TRANG PURPOSES: ERDAN PAAESOOTP 6/08FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09 Reversionary Mode In case of a pilot's side PFD failure the MFD can be selected into the reversionary mode by pressing the red display backup button on the pilot's audio panel. The MFD will now display the PFD information including all of the pilot’s selected data fields, autopilot annunciations, transponder information, and G1000 system messages. All MFD information will still be maintained and displayed. This includes CAS messages, engine param- eters, flight planning information with DTK and DIS fields, and an inset map with all features except radar. FOR TRANG PURPOSES ONLYTraffic Information Service (TIS) TIS provides the pilot with a graphic display of traffic adviso- ries. Upon power up The G 1000 system performs an automatic test of the TIS system. If it passes the TIS system will enter a STANDBY mode while on the ground. If it fails the power up test, then a failure annunciation will be displayed in the center of the traffic map page. Once the aircraft is airborne the TIS automatically goes into OPERATING mode and will provide a graphic display of traffic and a voice or tone audio output, TIS uses the mode S transponder for the traffic data link and is only available when the aircraft is within the service area of a TIS. capable, ground based terminal radar site. Updates are given in 5 second intervals, aircraft without a transponder will not be diplayed by TIS and aircraft without altitude reporting capability are displayed without altitude separation data or climb/descent indication. Traffic can be selected from 2nm to 121nm, and up. to eight targets can be displayed within a 7.5 nm radius, from 3000 feet below to 3500 feet above the requesting aircraft. TIS also displays a vector line showing the direction in which the traffic is moving. Traffic is overlaid on the following pages: Navigation Map page Traffic Map page Trip Planning page Nearest pages Active Flight Plan page PFD Inset MapPA-46-5001P Malibu Meridian Referonce Manual Traffic Advisory System (TAS) Optional If installed the optional Traffic Advisory System (TAS) is used to aid in the detection and avoidance of other aircratt traf- fic. Instead of relying on ground components that are limited to the area, TAS uses onboard processors and antennas to detect and track other aircraft by sensing the other aircraft's transponders. TAS processes the information returned from the other aircraft's transponder and determines range, bearing, and relative altitude. Aircraft's that do not have a transponder will be invisible to TAS. And aircraft with transponders that do not have altitude reporting capabilities are displayed with only range and bearing. After power-up of TAS, it will enter an au- tomatic normal operating mode and the word OPERATING will be displayed in the upper left corner of the traffic map page along with a highlighted soft key showing NORMAL, If the self test fails, than the word FAIL will be displayed in the upper left comer of the traffic map page, along with the highlighted soft key showing STANDBY, The traffic map page is located in the MFD's map group. The can be selected from 2 nm to 40 nm. And TAS can detect up to 45 aircraft and display up to 30 aircraft. TAS can track other air- craft from 10,000 feet below to 10,000 feet above the request- ing aircraft. Traffic is overlaid on the following pages Navigation Map page Traffic Map page Trip Planning page Nearest pages Active Flight Plan page PFD Inset Map FUGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY BTerrain Proximity The G1000 terrain proximity is a terrain awareness system that increases situational awareness and aids in reducing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). Terrain proximity is similar to TAWS but does not comply with the TAWS certification. Terrain proxim- ity provides color indications of terrain and obstacle threats as TAWS does. However the terrain proximity does not provide the warning annunciations and voice alerts that TAWS does provide. TAWS uses a more sophisticated database and uses more sophisticated algorithms to assess the aircratt’s distance from terrain and obstacles. The terrain and obstacles informa- tion may be limited because the database may not cantain all obstructions. The information provided by the terrain proximity should never be used to navigate or maneuver around terrain, Terrain proximity should only be used as an aid to situational awareness The Terrain proximity page is located in the MFD's map page group. And can also be displayed an the fallowing pages. Navigation Map page Terrain Proximity page Trip Planning page Flight Plan page PFD Inset Map FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONY MERICIAN PRAB-SOOTP 6/09PA.48-5001P Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Obstacles and terrain are depicted in the following colors on pages that display terrain data. Red- above ar within 100 feet below the aircraft altitude Yellow- —_ between 100n feet and 1000 feet below the aircratt altitude Black- more than 1000 feet below the aircraft altitude Note: Refer to the Garmin cockpit reference guide or the pilot's operating handbook for detailed information, Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) Optional The Terrain Awareness and Waring System (TAWS) is an optional feature used to increase situational awareness and aid in reducing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). TAWS provides visual and aural cautions and warning alerts when terrain and obstacles are within a given altitude threshold from the aircratt. The displayed alerts are only advisory. TAWS does meet the TSO-Ci51b class B certification requirements whereas the more limited Terrain Proximity does not Note: Refer to the Garmin cockpit reference guide or the pilot's operating handbook for detailed information. FUGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/09SIMCOM Weather Radar The installation of the onboard weather radar consists of a transmitter/receiver unit in a fiberglass radar pod mounted under the right wing just outside the main landing gear. The Garmin GWX 68 airborne color weather radar is a four-color digital pulsed radar. It combines excellent range and adjust- able scanning profiles with a high definition target display. The Meridian uses a 10 inch antenna array that is fully stabilized to accommodate 30° of pitch and roll Radar scanning can be focused on specific areas, that offers pilot adjustable horizontal scan angles of 20°, 40°, 60°, or 90°. vertical scanning function helps to analyze storm tops, gradi- ents, and cell buildup activity at various altitudes. Radar features include Extended Sensitivity Time Constant (STC) logic that automatically correlates distance of the return echo. with intensity, so cells do nat suddenly appear to get larger as they get closer. WATCH (Weather Attenuated Color Highlight) Helps identify possible shadowing effects of short-range cell activity, identifying areas where radar return signals are weak- ened or attenuated by intense precipitation (or large areas of lesser precipitation) and may not fully reflect the weather be- hind a storm. FOR TRANG PLRPOSES ONLY MERDIANPA46500TP 6/09PA-46-SOOTP Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Weather Alert Looks ahead for intense cell activity in the 80-320 nm range, even If these ranges are not being monitored. Weather Display When evaluating various target returns on the weather radar display, the colors denote precipitation intensity and rates shown in the following table. INSERT RADAR TABLE Garmin Datalink (GDL) Optional The optional GDL 694 is a remote mounted data -link satel- lite receiver that provides XM satellite weather and XM satellite radio. XM satellite weather and XM satellite radio services are available by subscription. Refer to the pilot's operating handbook or the Garmin cockpit reference guide for subscription and activation information XM satellite Weather Graphical and textual weather information is displayed on the MFD and the PFD inset map. XM satellite weather operates in the S-band frequency range and provides continuous recep- tion capabilities at any altitude throughout North America. The primary map for viewing XM weather data is the Weather Data Link page in the Map page group. This is the only G1000 map display capable of showing information for all available XM weather products, The following pages can display various portions of XM weather data. Navigation map Weather Datalink page (able to display all XM weather data) Weather Information page AUX-Trip Planning page Nearest pages Flight Plan pages PFD Inset Map Refer to the pilot's operating handbook or the Garmin Cockpit Reference Guide for detailed information FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/08XM Radio Entertainment The optional XM Radio entertainment feature of the GDL 69A Data Link receiver is available for the pilot's and passengers’ enjoyment. XM Satellite Radio offers a variety of radio program- ming over long distances without having to constantly search for new stations. The GDL 69A can receive the S-band, XM Satellite Radio entertainment services at any altitude throughout the Continental U.S. based on signals from satellites, coverage far exceeds land-based transmissions. The XM Radio is never muted for the cabin passengers unless. a stereo input to the stereo input jack is installed. XM radio is automatically muted for the front seat crew members during the following conditions: Aircratt radio reception Push-To-Talk switch activation Stall Warning activation Gear Warning activation Marker Beacon audio activity Master caution and master warning chimes, Audible system messages The XM Radio page provides information and control of the audio entertainment features of the XM satellite radio. The XM radio page can be located on the MFD's AUX page group. Refer to the pilot's aperating handbook or the Garmin Cockpit Reference Guide for detailed information, FOR TRANING PURPOSES ONLY MERDAN PA46500TP 6/03PA-46-5001P Malibu Meridian Reference Manual Limitations, eS Refer to the applicable aircraft manufacturer's FAA approved flight manual or approved manual material, markings, and plac- ards, or any combination thereof for all limitations. Emergency Procedures es Refer to the applicable aircrait manufacturer's FAA approved flight manual or approved manual material (supplementary checklist) as revised, for procedural information FIGHT INSTRUMENTATION 6/08 FOR TRANG PURPOSES ONLY