Ultimate Analysis

The ultimate analysis is the complete elemental analysis of

the fuel. It is required for heat balances and process
calculations like exit gas calculation or volatile balances.
The ultimate analysis gives in addition to the heat value
the complete elemental analyze of the fuel: C, H, N, S, Cl as
well as ash. Ash composition should be analyzed if ash
content is > 5% (ash then calculated S and CO2 free).
Oxygen is often calculated out of total in ideal case
separate Oxygen analysis is available but needs to be
corrected for Oxides in ash.
The ultimate analysis should be reported from the
laboratory on dry base for solid fuels and is then
converted to as fired for process calculations.

%C as fired = %C dry x (1 0.01 x %M as fired)

C as fired = % Carbon as fired
C dry = % Carbon dry
M as fired = % Moisture as fired
Calculation is identical for all elements.
Liquid fuels are directly reported wet, corresponding to as
fired.