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stage 1: Seed stage A business idea is funded.

This
initial funding is used for product
development and market research.
Stage 2: Early stage financing Funding is provided for initial
operation before commercial
production ensues and sales begin.
Stage 3: Formative funding This includes seed stage and early
stage funding.
Stage 4: Later stage funding Funding provided for commercial
operation and sales, but before an
initial public offering (IPO).

Early stage funding can be either start-up or first stage funding. In start-up financing capital is
provided for initial operations and testing. This would include product development and initial
marketing. First stage funding is provided for initial commercial production and sales.

Under the later stage funding there can be second stage, third stage and mezzanine funding.

The second stage funding is provided to the company for expansion even though it is not
profitable despite commercial production and sales.

In third stage funding, capital is provided for major expansion, for example, in Simply Switchs
case for aggressive marketing of its service for awareness and adoption.

Mezzanine as the name suggests is a kind of bridge funding that will help the company prepare
for its journey between its expansion of capacity and the IPO. Simply switch might have availed
this between gathering more adopters and having its stake acquired by Daily Mail and General
Trust.

Financing through all stages, seed funding to mezzanine, is referred to as balanced stage
financing.

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