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Tutorial: Arcgis Tools For Hydrology - Run Off Calculation
Tutorial: Arcgis Tools For Hydrology - Run Off Calculation
Schrder
Page 1 GIS in Hydrology and Water ResourceManagement - ENWAT
In this tutorial, a typical workflow for hydrological analysis using ArcGIS for surface water
will be introduced. Most of the used tools are part of the extension Spatial Analyst, which is
an extension for raster analysis. Thus most of our analysis will be based on raster maps. The
study area is the Rems watershed.
As input data the following raster and vector layers are available:
Precipitation data of climate stations
Soil vector map (infiltration classification)
Corine Land Cover vector map
DEM
All data is with respect to the Datum of the Hauptdreiecksnetz and uses Gauss-Krger
projection (zone 3).
In the scenario it is assumed, that a heavy storm rain in summer has happened in the Rems
watershed. All the precipitation of the month August was available in one strong rain event in
only 24 hours.
Workflow:
Event theme
The text file climate_stations.tab contains precipitation data at some climate station in our
study area. The file includes the station name, its Gauss-Krger coordinates, its height,
monthly precipitations, and summed annual precipitation.
The file can be added as a text file to our project (remark: in the text file the tab is used as
column separator. Other characters as separator are
also supported, but from experience tab causes less
problems. Interpreting the file contents, ArcGIS
will use the regional settings of the operating
system. Different settings, e.g. for the decimal
point, may cause problems!)
Interpolation
Now we can interpolate the data. Here we have two options:
Using the interpolation tools of the Spatial Analyst. This makes sense, if you know
already what the best method for interpolation is or if you want to integrate the tool in
the Model Builder.
Using the Geostastical Analyst. Here you have more option to explore the data first
and control and check the results. But the tool cant be included in the Model Builder,
so have to explore the data manually.
We will use here the Geostastical Analyst. A first overview we will get with the Trend
Analysis. Remember that the x-axes is pointing East whereas the yaxes is pointing North.
Validation
For a real validation more data points should be used. Nevertheless, here the concept will be
shown. First we have to create two subsets with a randomly selection. As the tool works only
on shape file or geodatabases, we have first to export the event theme to a shape file.
- right mouse click the layer Export
- Geostatistical Analyst Create subsets
You can specify how many of the data points you want for training or testing.
The Training subset will be used for the interpolation, whereas the Test subset will be used to
check the results by comparing the predicted values with the measured ones.
Now we can repeat the interpolation steps. A new dialog step will be added showing the
results of the comparison as RMS. The calculation can be easily repeated for a different
method just by using the back button (RMS for different methods: IDW: 5.603; Local
polynomial: 6.172; Kriging: 5.752; completey regularized spline: 9.551)
Prof. Dr. D. Schrder
Page 5 GIS in Hydrology and Water ResourceManagement - ENWAT
For our data, IDW and Kriging show the best results. Here we will continue with the Kriging
results.
With the help of the curve numbers, the runoff can be calculated according to the following
equation:
Q = (P-I)2 / (p-I+s); I = 0.2 s; s = 1000/cn -10 where cn is the curve number
or
Q = (P-0.2 ( 1000 /cn-10))2 / ( P-0.2 ( 1000 /cn-10))
So we have to classify soil and land use, so that cn numbers can be assigned. The soil map has
already a classification of the infiltration according to the scheme of LGRB in five classes
with additional subclasses, and a sixth class for highly changeable value. The classes have
already been mapped to the soil class scheme for curve numbers according to:
Classes Soil category
1 D
2-3 and 6 C
4 B
5 A
Intersecting the soil map and the land cover map the new map will contain all the needed
information. The only problem is that the classification systems are not compatible, so they
have to be mapped to each other. Unfortunately, it is not possible to use two fields for joining
in ArcGIS. Thus no lookup table can be used. So we have to use a more complex way by
adding a new field to the attribute table and to populate it according to the two values for land
cover code and soil category. Again we will use a more generalized scheme according to the
following table:
Land cover code Hydrological soil type
A B C D
100-199 (urban) 98
221,222,242 Agriculture without conservation 62 71 78 81
232, 321, 331 pastures 39 61 74 80
311, 312, 313, 324 forest 33 57 71 78
output = 98
elseif [soil_landuse.CODE2000] =211 or [soil_landuse.CODE2000]=243 then
if [soil_landuse.category] ="A" then
output = 72
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="B" then
output = 81
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="C" then
output = 88
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="D" then
output = 91
endif
elseif [soil_landuse.CODE2000] =221 or [soil_landuse.CODE2000]=222 or
[soil_landuse.CODE2000] =242 then
if [soil_landuse.category] ="A" then
output = 62
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="B" then
output = 71
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="C" then
output = 78
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="D" then
output = 81
endif
elseif [soil_landuse.CODE2000] =231 or [soil_landuse.CODE2000]=331 or
[soil_landuse.CODE2000] =321 then
if [soil_landuse.category] ="A" then
output = 39
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="B" then
output = 61
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="C" then
output = 74
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="D" then
output = 80
endif
elseif [soil_landuse.CODE2000] =311 or [soil_landuse.CODE2000]=312 or
[soil_landuse.CODE2000] =313 or [soil_landuse.CODE2000] =324 then
if [soil_landuse.category] ="A" then
output = 33
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="B" then
output = 57
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="C" then
output = 71
elseif [soil_landuse.category] ="D" then
output = 78
endif
endif
Now we can rasterize the map using the new cn field as value for the raster map (Conversion
Tools to Raster Polygon to Raster).
- Use Map Algebra to calculate the available runoff based on the formula
Prof. Dr. D. Schrder
Page 8 GIS in Hydrology and Water ResourceManagement - ENWAT
Q = (P-0.2 ( 1000 /cn-10))2 / ( P-0.2 ( 1000 /cn-10)) * A ; where A is the pixel size and P is
the interpolated precipitation from the first step.
(The runoff at Waiblingen is about 50 000 000 m 3 in 24 hours. From the gage station at
Neustadt/Waiblingen
(http://www.hvz.baden-wuerttemberg.de/cgi/daten.pl?id=0030&m=W&t=M) we know that
the discharge of 100 year return flood is about 314m3/s i.e. 27 000 000 m3 per day. So may be
we have to improve our results by carefully checking all the assumptions and our input data as
well!)