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psychiatric evaluation of the subjects was done by all the Table 1: Comparison of socio-demographic variables of the study
authors taking the interview combined. Fifty consecutively subjects and controls
selected controls were taken for the comparison of socio- Socio-demographic Study subjects Controls
demographic variables between the cases and controls. variables (n=50) (%) (n=50) (%)
Age
Tools 30-39 3 (6) 3 (6)
1. Socio-demographic proforma: A standard proforma 40-49 25 (50) 9 (18)
describing socio-demographic variables was used which 50-59 15 (30) 15 (30)
was designed and standardised in the Department of
60-69 7 (14) 15 (30)
Psychiatry, SMCH. The socio-demographic proforma
gives information about age, sex, religion, marital 70-80 0 8 (16)
status, family type and domicile, education of patient, Sex
occupation, and socioeconomic status. Male 27 (54) 29 (58)
2. Depressive disorder was diagnosed using ICD-10
Female 23 (46) 21 (42)
criteria.[14]
Religion
Interview procedure: At first, written informed consent
Hindu 27 (54) 27 (54)
from all patients/guardians was taken after explaining them
the purpose and procedure of the study. Then all the cases Muslim 23 (46) 23 (46)
and controls who were selected consecutively for study were Domicile
interviewed in detail using the above mentioned tools without Rural 32 (64) 28 (56)
any set limit. Interview pattern was flexible to elicit maximum Urban 18 (36) 22 (44)
data. For all cases, privacy of interview and confidentiality
was strictly maintained. Marital status
Married 48 (96) 41 (82)
Analysis of data: Appropriate data was collected, tabulated,
and statistical analysis was done by GraphPad prism for Unmarried 1 (2) 2 (4)
windows version 6.01 and Statistical Package for the Social Widow/widower 1 (2) 7 (14)
Sciences (SPSS v22). Fischer exact test was applied to find Type of family
out p-value and statistical significance wherever necessary. Joint 22 (44) 38 (76)
Relative risk and odds ratio were also calculated.
Nuclear 28 (56) 12 (24)
Prevalence of depressive disorder among the (34.78%) as compared to the male population (29.62%)
cases (Figure 2).
Out of the 50 diabetic patients, 16 i.e.(32%) met the ICD-10 We found almost equal number of subjects among
criteria of depressive disorder shown in Figure 1. Hindus (33.33%) and Muslims (30.43%). Depression
was higher in the subjects who were hailing from rural
Comparison of socio-demographic variables in background (40.62%) as compared to those hailing from
cases with or without depressive disorder urban background (16.66%). Unmarried/widow/widower
group (50%) had higher depression as compared to married
When we compared the socio-demographic factors in the subjects (31.25%) and subjects from joint family (36.36%)
type 2 DM cases with or without co-morbid depressive had a higher prevalence as compared those from nuclear
disorder as shown in Table2, it was found that depression was family (28.57%). High prevalence of depression was present
more in the subjects in age group >50years of age (36.36%) in the subjects who were either illiterate/primary educated
compared to those <50 years of age (28.28%). A higher (38.70%) as compared to those who had studied till secondary
prevalence of depression was found in the female population level/graduated. Unemployed/unskilled/retired/housewife
Table 2: Comparison of socio-demographic variables in study subjects with or without depressive disorder
Variables Depression Depression Total=50 P value Odds 95% condence Signicance
present (%) absent (%) ratio interval
Age
50 years 8 (28.57) 20 (71.42) 28 0.7608 1.429 0.4325-4.718 Not
>50 years 8 (36.36) 14 (63.63) 22 signicant
Gender
Male 8 (29.62) 19 (70.37) 27 0.7666 0.7895 0.2398-2.599 Not
Female 8 (34.78) 15 (65.21) 23 signicant
Religion
Hindu 9 (33.33) 18 (66.66) 27 1.000 0.8750 0.2647-2.893 Not
Muslim 7 (30.43) 16 (69.56) 23 signicant
Domicile
Rural 13 (40.62) 19 (59.37) 32 0.1171 0.2923 0.07-1.217 Not
Urban 3 (16.66) 15 (83.33) 18 signicant
Marital status
Married 15 (31.25) 33 (68.75) 48 0.542 2.2 0.1287-37.6 Not
Unmarried/widow/ 1 (50) 1 (50) 2 signicant
widower
Family type
Joint 8 (36.36) 14 (63.63) 22 0.7608 0.7 0.2119-2.312 Not
Nuclear 8 (28.57) 20 (71.42) 28 signicant
Education of subject
Primary/illiterate 12 (38.70) 19 (61.29) 31 0.2282 0.422 0.1129-1.579 Not
Secondary/ 4 (21.05) 15 (78.94) 19 signicant
graduate
Occupation of subject
Unemployed/ 11 (39.28) 17 (60.71) 28 0.2404 0.4545 0.1298-1.591 Not
unskilled/ signicant
housewife/retired
Skilled/business/ 5 (22.72) 17 (77.27) 22
service/
professional
Socioeconomic status
Lower/lower 14 (42.42) 19 (57.57) 33 0.0526 0.1810 0.0354-0.9229 Not
middle signicant
Middle/upper 2 (11.76) 15 (88.23) 17
middle/upper
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