1.

0 HOME SECURITY SYSTEM

1.0.1 Internet Protocol Camera

An IP camera is a networked digital video camera that transmits data over a Fast Ethernet
link. IP cameras (also called "network cameras") are most often used for IP surveillance, a
digitized and networked version of closed-circuit television (CCTV). There are few types
of ip camera as following.

(a) Centralized and Decentralized IP cameras

(b) Wired and Wireless IP Cameras
(c) Fixed And Ptz IP Cameras
(d) Box and Dome IP Cameras

Figures 1.0 Internet Protocol Camera

Features of IP Camera:

Remote administration from any location.

Digital zoom.

The ability to easily send images and video anywhere with an Internet connection.

Progressive scanning, which enables better quality images extracted from the video,
especially for moving targets.
 Adjustable frame rates and resolution to meet specific needs.

Two-way communication.

The ability to send alerts if suspicious activity is detected.

Lower cabling requirements.

Support for intelligent video.

History
The first centralized IP camera, the Axis Neteye 200, was released in 1996 by Axis
Communications and was developed by the team of Martin Gren and Carl-Axel Alm. The
camera was not capable of streaming real-time motion video, instead being limited to
showing a snapshot image each time the camera was accessed. At the time of launch, it
was considered to be incapable of operating as a motion camera due to what would
conceived as "enormous" bandwidth requirements, thus was aimed primarily at the tourism
industry. The Axis Neteye 200 was not intended to replace traditional analogue CCTV
systems however, given it's capability was limited to just a single frame every 17 seconds,
yet was promoted on its ability to be directly accessible from anywhere with a connection
to the internet. Axis used a custom proprietary web server named OSYS, yet by the
summer of 1998, had started working on a software port towards Linux to operate its
cameras. Axis also released documentation for its low-level APIcalled "VAPIX", which
builds on the open standards of HTTP and real time streaming protocol (RTSP). This open
architecture was intended to encourage third-party software manufacturers to develop
compatible management and recording software.
Mechanics

Ip camera employ an analog image sensor, which is either CCD (charge coupled device)
or CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor). For an IP camera the image is then
compressed internally (encoded) and transmitted via an IP protocol (Ethernet) and is either
stored in the camera or on a network video recorder (NVR).

IP cameras are typically equipped with an embedded web server and can be accessed and
controlled over any IP network such as a WAN, LAN, Intranet, or Internet. By utilizing a
standard web browser or client software users can view an IP cameras video output from
any local or remote location. IP cameras combine the capabilities of a camera with some
PC functionality, do not require a direct connection to a PC to operate, and can be placed
anywhere within a network. Just like any other PC on the network, an IP camera is a
network appliance. It has its own IP address, connects directly to a wired or wireless
network and requires maintenance.

An NVR is a program that can store video from network cameras and allow for viewing of
multiple cameras at once. It is similar to a DVR, but while a traditional DVR is responsible
for encoding and processing video from component cameras, and NVR depends on the
cameras to encode their video, simply storing it and allowing for centralized remote
viewing. NVR software can be installed on a dedicated device with its own operating
system or on an existing computer. There are hybrid systems available that can accept both
IP and analog inputs. These will often allow analog cameras to be viewed remotely along
with any network cameras.

In addition to internet service and a wired or wireless router (depending on your specific
camera), an internet camera requires a static IP address or a Dynamic Domain Name Server
(DDNS). It also requires a personal computer to configure your camera and an internet-
connected video device to act as a remote viewing station. If you plan to record and store
footage, you will also need a dedicated NVR or a PC to install NVR software on, as
discussed earlier.

When you have a device on a network, you can access it by entering the IP (Internet
Protocol) address into a web browser. Internet service providers (ISPs) supply a dynamic
IP address to most customers. A dynamic IP address is like a phone number that changes
every time you hang up your phone, while a static IP address never changes.

Only your ISP can provide you with a static IP address and they will usually charge a
monthly fee for that service. In order for you to gain consistent access to your network
cameras you will need a static IP address. If your ISP is unable to provide you with a static
IP, there are third party services that can provide a virtual static IP address. Many are free
to use, and a simple web search will provide multiple options.