DIPLOMA IN DIGITAL SECURITY SYSTEMS

Basic electronics & Communication

Computer Hardware A+
Networking N+
Wireless networking
Advanced Wi-Fi Technologies
Hacking & Network Security
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)
DVR and NVR
Types of Camera and its specification
IP Camera.
Online configuration
DDNS Account Creation
Router Configuration
Online Through Cloud Service
Attendance system's
RF id based & Biometric based
Downloading Data from attendance Register
Face detection and its configuration
Software installation and its configuration
Report Generation
Access Control Systems
Types of Magnetic locks
connection methods of wiring
EPABX
Types of EPABX
Wiring Methods
EPBX coding
Video door Phones
Types of door phones
Connection methods and wiring
Multiapartment concept.
Alarm Systems
Intrusion alarm system
Wired and wireless
Alarm system
Fire alarm systems
Conversional alarm system
Addressable Alarm system
Trouble Shooting Techniques
On the Job Training
Pre-Sales

Pre-sales engineers work for companies that sell technology products and services to business
clients. These engineers work in partnership with sales managers to help customers determine
the best technology solutions to meet their business needs in the areas of data, voice and video
networks, security, storage and servers. While the sales manager works through contract terms,
the pre-sales engineer makes product and service recommendations and educates customers
on how each will provide business value.

Qualities
A pre-sales engineer supports the sales process. This engineer serves as a technology adviser
to both prospective customers and representatives of currently assigned client accounts.
Successful pre-sales engineers display a strong commitment to developing and maintaining
long-term customer relationships. The ability to understand customer requirements, determine
the best solutions and effectively communicate the value proposition of those solutions are
critical skills.

ELV SYSTEM
ELV System. ELV stands for Extra Low Voltage systems. This includes all the systems in
building which operate on low voltages like telephone, data transmission, LAN, CCTV, fire
alarm, public address, and master clock systems etc.
ELV System for Buildings stands for Mechanical and Electrical (M&E) extra-low voltage System
deployed in residential and commercial buildings for the purposes of better control and security.
Usually it comprises a variety of sub-systems like:

1. Video Intercom
2. CCTV
3. Sensors & Alarm
4. Vehicle Access Control
5. Door Access Control
6. Lift Access Control
7. Lighting Control
8. HVAC Control
9. Public Address Broadcasting
10. Tour Guard Patrol
11. Parking Management
CCTV

CCTV (closed-circuit television) is a TV system in which signals are not publicly distributed but are
monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes. CCTV relies on strategic placement of
cameras and private observation of the camera's input on monitors. The system is called "closed-circuit"
because the cameras, monitors and/or video recorders communicate across a proprietary coaxial cable
run or wireless communication link. Access to data transmissions is limited by design.

Older CCTV systems used small, low-resolution black and white monitors with no interactive capabilities.
Modern CCTV displays can be high-resolution color, providing the CCTV administrator with the ability to
zoom in on an image or track something (or someone). Talk CCTV allows the administrator to speak to
people within range of the camera's associated speakers.

The CCTV Surveillance and Monitoring System have proven to be essential tools in most any
surveillance and security application. Just a partial list of applications includes Banking, Retail, Hospital,
Traffic Management, and City Centres. In all of these applications, video cameras are used as visual
tools of the security staff or security design.

The use of CCTV surveillance in public places has fueled privacy concerns in many parts of the world.
Analog Security Camera System Design

In the traditional analog CCTV application, security cameras capture an analog video signal and transfer that
signal over coax cable to the Digital Video Recorder (DVR). Each camera may be powered by plugging in the
power supply right at the camera or by using RG59 Siamese cable which bundles the video and the power
cables. The DVR converts the analog signal to digital, compresses it, and then stores it on a hard drive for
later retrieval. Intelligence is built into the DVR to handle such things as scheduling, motion detection, and
digital zoom. Monitors for viewing the video are connected to the DVR, or it can be set up to publish over an
internal network for viewing on PCs. The DVR can also be set up to broadcast over the Internet and can add
password protection and other features. When broadcasting over the Internet, the video for all of the
cameras is transmitted as one stream (one IP address). Therefore, it is very efficient.

IP / Network Security Camera System Design

In the IP world, each network camera captures an analog image but immediately converts it to digital inside the
camera. Some digital processing can happen right at the camera, such as compression and motion detection. The
digital video stream is then broadcast over the local area network (LAN) using Ethernet (CAT5 or CAT6) cable.
Power is supplied to the cameras through the ethernet cable via Power-Over-Ethernet (POE) adapters built into
the cameras and at the (POE enabled) switch. (FYI - Older style IP cameras do not have POE built in so POE
adapters had be added to the system like this.) The ethernet cable for each camera is plugged into the switch which
feeds into the network hub. As with all network devices, some set-up needs to be done for each network camera
to set up its IP address and other identifying attributes.

A Network Video Recorder (NVR) performs the same function as its DVR cousin in the analog world. It captures
each camera's signal, compresses, and records it. The main difference is that the video feeds are digital (and much
higher resolution) and not analog. Software built into the NVR provides features such as intelligent search and
zoom, etc. The NVR combines the video streams from the cameras and handles the broadcast over the LAN and
internet for local and remote viewing.

Wireless Security Camera System Design

IP Wireless security camera system design is very similar to standard IP camera system design except for the
addition of wireless access points inserted between the home network switch and the cameras. This allows you to
place cameras up to 1.5 miles (plus up to 328 feet of Ethernet cable) away from your local area network (LAN).

What is an analog video security system?

Cameras on an modern analog CCTV system send their video in the traditional base band format over
coax or UTP cabling back to a digital video recorder (DVR). Here, video is digitized and stored on hard
drives. Most modern DVRs are a network device, and as such can be accessed remotely from the LAN,
or with the proper configuration, from across a WAN or the internet. There are no tapes to change.
Video is kept on hard drives, typically on a FIFO basis so there is always a rolling video archive of the
past X days. So, despite the fact that video is being transmitted from the cameras in an analog
format, live and recorded video is still available over the network.

Note: This is technically a hybrid system since video is recorded and retrieved digitally. But, in the
industry the term hybrid system typically refers to a system that has some IP cameras, and some
analog cameras. So, we refer to a system that uses all analog cameras as an analog system.

What is an IP video security system?

IP video cameras broadcast their video as a digital stream over an IP network. Like an analog system,
video is recorded on hard drives, but since the video is an IP stream straight from the camera, there is
more flexibility as to how and where that video is recorded. The DVR is replaced with an NVR (network
video recorder), which in some cases is just software since it doesn't need to convert analog to digital.
Video footage can then be stored on new or existing network RAID drives as directed by the NVR
software.

What is a Hybrid video security system?

Hybrid CCTV systems combine IP and analog video, and can be a great way to transition an analog
system to IP without needing to replace all of the existing cameras. Many NVR boxes on the market
today are actually Hybrids in that they accept analog cameras, and IP cameras and combine them
onto a single platform for the user.

Why Choose an Analog System?

Cost. IP video security systems are generally more expensive, and sometimes a LOT more expensive.
But, because the systems are designed differently from the ground up, there are situations where the
cost difference between analog and IP is minimal, and even scenarios where IP video is cheaper. More
detail on the cost differences later.

Why Choose an IP System?

Resolution. One of the biggest factors driving interest in IP video systems is the high resolution that
they can offer. Analog cameras max out on resolution at about 580 TVL which equates to roughly 0.4
mega pixels. High end IP cameras on the other hand, are currently available at resolutions above 5
mega pixels. This high resolution in turn gives users the ability to zoom in on video after the fact, and
still have usable video.

Another benefit to IP video is that it is much more compatible with wireless. Wireless analog systems
are available, but they either have to convert to IP anyway and broadcast over the 802.11 IP network
(which adds cost for encoders), or they get crammed onto the over saturated regulated frequencies
and often encounter interference.

The Cost differences, in more detail

The cost differences between IP and analog can be significant, but that depends on the particulars of
the design. Lets break this down into some prime factors that will affect cost:

The Cameras

IP Cameras are more expensive than analog. There are two reasons for this. First, an IP camera needs
an internal encoder which adds to the manufacturing costs. To put things in perspective, an external
encoder runs from $400 to $1000. Second, IP cameras dont tend to come packaged with things like
outdoor housings or infrared emitters. When things like this are required, they must be purchased and
installed separately which drives up cost.

The Network

IP cameras are constantly putting high bandwidth video data onto the network, especially if mega
pixel cameras are in use. Without the proper network speeds and traffic control mechanisms, an IP
video system can bring your network to its knees. Also, dont forget that each camera needs its own
switch port, so more switches may need to be included in the budget.

NVR vs. DVR

DVR costs are fairly simple to understand. A DVR is a single unit, and has a single cost. NVRs on the
other hand are more complicated. NVR software is typically licensed on a per camera basis and must
be installed on a PC. The storage requirements for megapixel cameras are significant, and may require
additional network storage. When comparing costs be sure to include the software, computer, and
network storage in the total cost for the IP systems NVR.

Cabling

IP cameras use UTP cabling (at least 5), and analog cameras can use either coax or UTP (at least
Cat3). In order to transmit analog video over UTP some inexpensive baluns are required, and coax
cabling is slightly more expensive than UTP, so cabling cost for an analog system will be slightly
higher.

Power

Analog systems often involve a centralized power source for the cameras, and IP systems usually use
Power over Ethernet (PoE). If the PoE switches are not already in place, they will be more expensive
than the power supplies for the analog cameras.

Summary

IP Video will almost always be more expensive, but the availability of much higher resolution recorded
images makes it a much more powerful system. The ability to digitally zoom in on recorded video
makes identification much more likely.

VMS (Video Management System)

A video management system, also known as video management software or a video management
server, is a component of a security camera system that in general:

Collects video from cameras and other sources

Records / stores that video to a storage device
Provides an interface to both view the live video, and access recorded video
A VMS can be the software component of a network video recorder and digital video recorder,
though in general a VMS tends to be more sophisticated and provide more options and capabilities
than a packaged NVR device

Additional capabilities
Motion detection
Rather than continuously recording data, a VMS may also implement motion detection to reduce the
amount of data to be recorded.

Distributed processing
For a very large and complex security camera system, there may be too many cameras, too much
network bandwidth, too much data to be analyzed, or too much storage required for a single server
device to handle the workload. In this case the workload is divided across multiple server devices, each
handling a slice of the overall workload.

Audio
A VMS can also be capable of recording audio from network cameras, and may in some cases provide
two-way audio through a network camera, acting as an intercom.

Alarm I/O
A VMS may provide the ability to monitor alarm inputs and act on them in some manner, including:
Sending alarm outputs to activate ancillary equipment such as lighting
Beginning recording on one or more camera sources
Sending an alert message to one or more people, via email, cell phone, SMS, or over the Internet to a
client application or mobile phone app.

Pan tilt zoom control

A VMS may also provide the ability to remotely control pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras, which can be
remotely rotated, titled, and zoomed, thereby allowing a single camera to monitor a very large area
while also providing detailed views of specific areas of interest.

License plate detection / License plate recognition

A VMS can optionally provide the ability to locate license plates in its view and capture the plate
information from the image, as a form of optical character recognition.

A complete VMS includes cameras, network switches, routers, computers for recording and displaying
the video as well as the Video Management Software. It is possible to have multiple recording servers
and many client computers that display the video.
 Type of Cameras in CCTV System

Dome CCTV Camera. ...

Bullet CCTV Camera. ...

C-Mount CCTV Camera. ...
Day/Night CCTV Camera. ...
Infrared/Night Vision CCTV Camera. ...
Network/IP CCTV Camera. ...
Wireless CCTV Camera. ...
High-Definition HD CCTV Camera.

10 Different Types of CCTV Cameras and Their Purposes

1. BULLET CAMERA
Bullet Type Cameras are designed for capturing images in a fixed area. These cameras are recognized by
their thin and cylindrical design. There are also classifications of Ultra Bullet distinguished by their
smaller size and cheaper price.
2. DOME CAMERA
Dome Cameras, named after the shape of their housing are designed for in-store installations. It
works in two ways as it is unobtrusive but visible, thus, it warns people that the area is
protected by a CCTV network and gives comfort to its clients for its security.

3. INFRARED CAMERA
Infrared Cameras are designed for evening lookouts. It captures images with the help of its
infrared lighting surrounding its lens.

4.DAY/NIGHT CAMERA
Day/Night Types are used for 24/7 installation, these cameras compensate light conditions with its wide
dynamic range to function in glare, direct sunlight, reflections and strong backlight.
5. VARIFOCAL CAMERA
Varifocal Cameras are designed to allow zooming in and out without losing focus on the image.

6. NETWORK CAMERA
Network Cameras allow transmission of images through the internet with controlled
bandwidth.
7. WIRELESS CAMERA
Wireless cameras are cameras that may or may not be connected to the internet. These cameras use
signaling devices to transmit images from camera to viewing area.

8. PTZ CAMERA
PTZ Cameras or pan-tilt-zoom are cameras that can moved. There are variations of these cameras that
are programmable and are manually controllable. This allows viewers to have more freedom and control
on viewing things.

9. HIGH DEFINITION CAMERA

High definition cameras are often used in casinos or high risk establishment. With its high
resolution lens, capturing images are possible giving viewers a finer detail on taken images.

10. SPY/HIDDEN CAMERA

Hidden cameras are cameras in disguise; they could look like a fan or any other thing that would not seem
suspicious in the area.
Switches

What Is a Network Switch?

Most business networks today use switches to connect computers, printers and servers within a building or
campus. A switch serves as a controller, enabling networked devices to talk to each other efficiently. Through
information sharing and resource allocation, switches save businesses money and increase employee productivity.
Understand the different types of Ethernet switches and their capabilities.

What Is a Network Switch: Unmanaged Switches

An unmanaged switch works right out of the box. It's not designed to be configured, so you don't have to worry
about installing or setting it up correctly. Unmanaged switches have less network capacity than managed switches.
You'll usually find unmanaged switches in home networking equipment.

What Is a Network Switch: Managed Switches

A managed network switch is configurable, offering greater flexibility and capacity than an unmanaged switch. You
can monitor and adjust a managed switch locally or remotely, to give you greater network control.
What Is a Network Switch versus a Router?
Switches create a network. Routers connect networks. A router links computers to the Internet, so users can share
the connection. A router acts as a dispatcher, choosing the best path for information to travel so it's received
quickly.

Edge Swicthes
An edge switch is a switch located at the meeting point of two networks. These switches
connect end-user local area networks (LANs) to Internet service provider (ISP) networks.
Edge switches are located closer to client machines than the backbone of the network.
Core Switch

A core switch, also known as a tandem switch and a backbone switch, is a high-
capacity switch positioned in the physical core, or backbone, of a network. In a public Wide
Area Network (WAN) a core switch serves to interconnect edge switches, which are
positioned at the network edge.

Gigabit Switch
A gigabit switch operates in the same manner, only at data rates much greater than standard or Fast
Ethernet. People can use these switches to quickly transfer data between devices in a network, or to
download from the Internet at very high speeds.

POE Switches
Power over Ethernet (PoE) allows network switches to transmit both power and data through an
Ethernet cable at the same time.
KVM Switches
A KVM switch (with KVM being an abbreviation for "keyboard, video and mouse") is a hardware device
that allows a user to control multiple computers from one or more sets of keyboards, video monitors,
and mouse.

Video wall System

A video wall is a special multi-monitor setup that consists of multiple computer monitors, video
projectors, or television sets tiled together contiguously or overlapped in order to form one large
screen. Typical display technologies include LCD panels, Direct View LED arrays, blended projection
screens, Laser Phosphor Displays, and rear projection cubes.

Patch Panels
A patch panel in a local area network (LAN) is a mounted hardware assembly that contains
ports used to connect and manage incoming and outgoing LAN cables.
Access Control System
What Is An "Access Control System?

Restricting / limiting access to a particular area. Normally when we say Access Control System
(ACS onwards) we refer to Electronic locking system or electronic gates etc. An ACS can be
standalone (available in normal electronic shops) that you can just buy and install on your
doors, lockers etc etc with some kind of magnetic lock or door strike etc.
There are other ACS which are computer based and you can program, manage, control etc from
a centralized computer. Examples of which are Lenel/Onguard, GE/Facility Commander etc etc