AUTOMATIC WEED DETECTOR

A Project Report Submitted To

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, KAKINADA

In Partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

With specialization in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BY

LAKSHMI MANJUSHA MATURI POTHU MOUNIKA REDDY

(138W1A0488) (138W1A04A6)

PAVAN KUMAR KUTIKUPPALA BANAVATHU BHANU CHANDER

(138W1A0487) (138W1A0465)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr. P. RAVEENDRA
Asst. Professor

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

VELAGAPUDI RAMAKRISHNA SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Autonomous)
VIJAYAWADA 520007
APRIL, 2017

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 V.R. SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
VIJAYAWADA-520007

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled AUTOMATIC WEED DETECTOR submitted by
LAKSHMI MANJUSHA MATURI (138W1A0488), POTHU MOUNIKA REDDY
(138W1A04A6), PAVAN KUMAR KUTIKUPPALA (138W1A0487), BANAVATHU
BHANU CHANDER (138W1A0465) in partial fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in the branch of Electronics and Communication Engineering to the JNT University,
Kakinada is a record of bonafide work carried out under my guidance and supervision. The
results embodied in this project report have not submitted to any other university or institute for
the award of any degree.

SIGNATURE OF GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT:

(Mr. P. RAVEENDRA) (Dr. K. SRI RAMA KRISHNA)

Date: Date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to articulate my profound gratitude and indebtedness to my project guide
Mr. P. Raveendra, Asst. professor who has always been a constant motivation and guiding
factor throughout the project time in and out as well. It has been a great pleasure for us to get an
opportunity to work under his guidance and complete the project successfully.
We wish to extend our sincere thanks to Dr. K. Sri Rama Krishna professor and head of
the electronics and communication department, for his constant encouragement throughout the
project.
We also express our gratitude to our principal Dr A.V. Ratna Prasad for his
encouragement and facilities provided during the course of project. I express my heartful
gratitude to our lab technicians who helped us in all aspects of lab work.
We thank one and all who have rendered help to us directly or indirectly in the
completion of work.

LAKSHMI MANJUSHA MATURI (138W1A0488)

POTHU MOUNIKA REDDY (138W1A04A6)

PAVAN KUMAR KUTIKUPPALA (138W1A0487)

BANAVATHU BHANU CHANDER (138W1A0465)

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 ABSTRACT
Herbicides are the chemicals used to kill the weeds that grow along with the crop. Weeds
decrease the crop productivity by absorbing more minerals from the soil. The excess use of
herbicides for protecting the crop reduces the soil fertility in the long run. The main effects
regarding the issues on environment include soil erosion, desertification etc. To overcome these
issues some advancements were proposed in digital processing domain, but the concentration is
mainly on the leaves detection and verified the health scenarios to some extent.
Machine vision system is being implemented which process the digital images of weed
leaves and make controlled decisions set by the user. Limited amount of herbicide can be applied
by detecting the weeds through shape, colour intensities set by the user. The real time model is
made using LIFA base that interface LabVIEW and arduino for reducing the effort of coding or
programming the microcontroller used. The proposed method statistically decrease the soil
pollution and increase the faithful production of crop.

Proposed method: LabVIEW, LIFA Base, Arduino.

Key words: Herbicides, Environment, Machine vision system, Interface.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS V
LIST OF FIGRES viii
NOMENCALTURE x
CHAPTERS:
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 3
CHAPTER 3: PROPOSING METHOD 5
3.1: Process of Image Capturing 5
3.2. Conversion of Captured Image 6
3.3. Noise removal 6
3.4. Image Enhancement 7
3.5. Pattern Matching 8
3.6. Database Management 8
3.7. Refined Block Diagram 9
3.8. Block Diagram of Hardware Execution 10
CHAPTER 4: PROPOSED TOOLS 12
4.1. Software Programming Tools 12
4.1.1. Existing Tools 12
4.1.1.1. MATLAB 12
4.1.1.2. LabVIEW 13
4.1.1.3. Why only LabVIEW 13
4.2. Hardware Environment 13
4.2.1. Why Arduino 13
4.2.2. Arduino IDE 14
4.2.3. Uploading to Arduino Board 15
4.2.4. Arduino Uno Board 16
4.2.5. Specifications of Arduino 16
4.2.6. Power 17
4.2.7. Input and Output 17

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CHAPTER 5: PROPOSING METHOD 19
5.1. Software Proposed tool and method 19
5.1.1 NI VISION ACQUISITION 19
5.1.2. NI VISION ASSISTANT 19
5.1.2.1. Colour Image Processing Functions 20
5.1.2.2. Binary processing and analysis 21
functions
5.1.2.3. Machine Vision Functions 21
5.2. Hardware Implementation Using LabVIEW 21
5.2.1. NI-VISA drivers 22
5.2.2. JKI VI Package Manager 22
5.2.3: Arduino Firmware 23
CHAPTER 6: STIMULATION RESULTS 25
6.1. Image Capturing Tool 25
6.2. NI Vision Acquisition Tool 26
6.2.1. Selecting an Acquisition Source 27
6.2.2. Selecting an Acquisition Type 27
6.2.3. Configuring Acquisition Settings 28
6.2.4. Selecting Controls and Indicators 29
6.3. Image Processing 30
6.3.1. Colour Matching 31
6.3.2. Output of Vision Assistant 32
6.3.3. Comparison Tools 32
6.4. Modules Used In Block Diagram 33
6.4.1: Image Out 33
6.4.2. Audio VI 33
6.4.3. Play Sound File 34
6.4.4. While Loop 34
6.4.5. Init 36
6.4.6. Set Digital Pin Mode 36
6.4.7. Index Array Function 36
6.4.8. Unbundle Function 37
6.4.9. Greater? Function: 37
6.4.9. Boolean To (0, 1) Function 38

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 6.4.10. Exclusive Or Function 38
6.5. Weed Detection System Result in LabVIEW 38
6.5.1. Block Diagram for Hardware Implementation 40
6.5.1.1. Procedure 40
6.5.1.1.1. Rover movement block 40
6.5.1.1.2. Forward movement of sprayer 41
6.5.1.1.3. Block for sprayer functioning 41
6.5.1.1.4. Backward movement of sprayer 41
CHAPTER 7: COMPLEXITIES INVOLVED 43
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSIONS 45
CHAPTER 9: FUTURE SCOPE 46
RREFERENCES 47

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No. Description Page. No

1.1 Percentage of income spent 2
3.1 Block Diagram 5
3.2 Original image and converted image 6
3.3 Gray image 7
3.4 Filtered image 7
3.5 Enhanced light adjusted image 7
3.6 Comparing original image and Enhanced image 8
3.7 Detection of weeds based on data in database 9
3.8 Refined Block Diagram 9
3.9 Block Diagram for hardware execution 11
4.1 Arduino Uno Board 18
5.1 VIPM Interface 23
5.2 Arduino Interface 24
6.1 Image Path in Block Diagram 25
6.2 Image Path in Front Panel 25
6.3 Vision Acquisition Tool 26
6.4 Selecting an Acquisition source 28
6.5 Configure Acquisition Settings 29
6.6 Selecting Controls and indicators 30
6.7 Vision assistant tool 30
6.8 Colour matching 32
6.9 Number of matches 32
6.10 Image out tool 33
6.11 Audio VI 33
6.12 Play sound file 34
6.13 While loop 35

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6.14 Components of while loop 35
6.15 Module for arduino interfacing 36
6.16 Module for Arduino digital pin mode 36
6.17 Module for index array function 36
6.18 Module for unbundle 37
6.19 Module for greater function 37
6.20 Boolean function 38
6.21 ExOR operation 38
6.22 Front panel of automatic weed detector 39
6.23 Block diagram of automatic weed detector 40
6.24 Block diagram of hardware implementation 42

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 NOMENCLATURE

PC: Personal Computer

RGB: Red, Green, Blue

FMCDM: Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making

HSV: Hue Saturation Value

ROI: Region of interest

IDE: Integrated development environment

MATLAB: Matrix Laboratory

LabVIEW: Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench

Fortran: Formula and translation

AVI: Audio Video Interleave

LED: Light Emitting Diode

LIFA: LabVIEW Interface For Arduino

DC: Direct Current

AC: Alternating Current

IC: Integrated Circuit

NI: National Instruments

UNIX: Uniplexed Information and Computing Services

OS: Operating System

RIO: Reconfigurable IO modules

USB: Universal Serial Bus

RX: Receive

TX: Transmit

PCM: Pulse Code Modulation

ICSP: In Circuit Serial Programming

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TTL: Transistor Transistor Logic

SPI: Service Provider Interface Computing

MOSI: Master Out Slave In

MISO: Master In Slave Out

SCK: Slave Clock

VIPM: Virtual Instrument Package Manager

ASCII: American Standard Code for International Interface

VI: Virtual Instrument

HSL: Hue Saturation Level

VISA: Virtual Instrument Software Architecture

GPIB: General Purpose Interface Bus

IMAQ: Image Acquisition

GSM: Global System Monitoring

DIO: Digital Input Output

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