Development of bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equations for body composition with

the use of a multicomponent model for use in epidemiologic surveys13,4 2003

1. Shumei S Sun,
2. W Cameron Chumlea,
3. Steven B Heymsfield,
4. Henry C Lukaski,
5. Dale Schoeller,
6. Karl Friedl,
7. Robert J Kuczmarski,
8. Katherine M Flegal,
9. Clifford L Johnson, and
10. Van S Hubbard

TBW (in L) was measured by deuterium dilution corrected for natural abundance and isotope
exchange (24), except for a small number of participants at New York who were evaluated with
the use of equivalent tritium dilution (25). Body density (BD; in g/cm3) was determined by
hydrostatic weighing corrected for residual volume (26). Total-body bone mineral content
(BMC; in g) was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machines
with version 3.6 software (Lunar Inc, Madison, WI) at each study site, except at North Dakota,
where a QDR 2000 DXA (Hologic, Inc, Bedford, MA) was used with software version 5.71.
These measured values were used in the following multicomponent body-composition model
(18). This model is derived by the combination of 4-compartment models for body weight and
body volume that assume known and constant densities for each component (27).

(1)

where TBF is total body fat, BV is body volume (in L) calculated as body weight divided by BD
from hydrostatic weighing, BMC is from DXA, and TBW is from measured TBW. The FFM of
each person was calculated as weight TBF.

Sex and age specific prediction formulas for

estimating body composition from
bioelectrical impedance: a cross-validation
study.
Deurenberg P, van der Kooy K, Leenen R, Weststrate JA, Seidell JC.

Source

Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Abstract
In 827 male and female subjects, with a large variation in body composition and an age range of 7-83
years, body composition was measured by densitometry, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance.
The relationship between densitometrically determined fat free mass (FFM) with body impedance (R),
body weight (W) and body height (H) was analysed, taking age and sex into account. The intercept of the
regression equation FFM = a x H2/R + b was found to be age, and (at older ages) sex dependent,
increasing from age 7 to age 15, and slowly decreasing after age 16. Therefore the population was
subdivided into two age categories, the one 15 years and younger, and the other 16 years and older.
Each age category was randomly divided into two groups, A and B. In each age category the developed
prediction formula for group A was cross-validated in group B, and vice versa. No statistically and
biologically meaningful differences between predicted and measured FFM were observed in either
group. Therefore the data of group A and B in each age category were combined. The best fitted
prediction formula at ages less than or equal to 15 was: FFM = 0.406 x 10(4) x H2/R + 0.360 W + 5.58 H +
0.56 Sex - 6.48: n = 166, R2 = 0.97, SEE = 1.68 kg (cv% = 4.9 percent); and at ages greater than or equal
to 16: FFM = 0.340 x 10(4) x H2/R + 15.34 H + 0.273 W - 0.127 age + 4.56 sex - 12.44: n = 661, R2 = 0.93,
SEE = 2.63 kg (cv% = 5.0 percent). Int J Obes. 1991 Jan;15(1):17-25.