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Adams,Barbara, Ancient Nekhen . Garstang in the city of


Hierakonpolis, New Malden ,1995.
Blackmain , W., S., "some further notes on harvesting scene" ,
in: JEA,19, 1933 .
Bunson , Margarete , A Dictionary of Ancient Egypt , New
York , Oxford , 1995 .
Endesfelder , E. , "Zur Frage der Bewaesserung in
pharaonischen Aegypten" , ZAS , 106, 1969.
Eyre , Christopher J., The Agriculture cycle , Farming & Water,
Mangement in The Near East .
Hartmann , F., L'Agriculture dans L'Ancienne Egypte , Paris ,
1923.
Keimer, L., "Agriculture in Ancient Egypt" , in: AJSL 42,1926.
Paice, Patricia , The Middle Bronze Age, Second Intermediate
period Hauses at Tel el- Maskuta in : Haus und palast im
Alten Aegypten .
Parain, Ch., "L'Agriculture dans L'Ancienne, Egypte, in: Revue
des Etudes Semitiques 2 , Juin , 1934 , III XII .
Paul, Nicholson & Ian,Shaw , Ancient Egyptian Materials &
Technology , campridge, 2000.

Petrie,W.M.F.,"The Cultivators and Their Land". In: AE, 1925.


Vandier,J.,"Bas-Reliefs et Pentures Scenes dela vie Agricole a
L'Ancien et au Moyen Empire" , in: MAE VI , 1978.
Wolfgang , H.,& Eberhard , O., Lexikon der Aegyptologie,
volum1-vII, Wiesbaden, 1975-1986.

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