Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Technical Reports: 1st Year Communication
Technical Reports: 1st Year Communication
Final Revision
Prepared By:
3C-Academic Staff
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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Q4-What Are the Fundamental Problems That We Can Meet Them in
Technical Writing?
1) The Information Problem :
The information problem arises because different readers have different
information needs in different situation.
2) The Persuasion Problem :
The persuasion problem arises because people disagree about what the
information means and about what should be done.
3) The Ethics Problem :
The ethics problem arises because the interests of your company conflicted with
the interests of your readers.
4) The Adaption Problem :
The adaption problem arises because communication technology requires
writers to cope with new tools, working, relations, and audiences.
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Chapter 3
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Q5-What are the purpose and main content of topic statement of a
paragraph?
It is the main idea, What the paragraph is about, It serves two purpose:
It allows reader to guess what is coming and thus digest it more easily.
It allows them to avoid reading the paragraph altogether if the subject
matter holds no interest for them.
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Chapter 4
Q1- What are four steps used to orienting the audiences. Compare
between the foreword and summary of technical reports with respect to
purpose and form?
The four-step approach for orienting an audience is the Foreword and Summary
of a technical report or in the Introduction and Summary of a letter and paper.
The purpose and form of the foreword and summary:
Foreword:
Summary:
Q3- What are the three forms of technical reports for specialist readers?
1) Short informal report
2) Long informal report
3) Format report (title page and structure)
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Q4- What are making the formatting conventions that make reading
easier?
There are many formatting feature:
1) Single spacing
2) Shorts paragraphs
3) Lists
4) Headings
5) Number to mark the various paragraphs
6) Liberal use of white space
The heading of the short informal report gives the following information:
To: .
Form: ..
Subject:
Date: ..
Distribution:
Enclosures: .
References: .
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Q6- What is the structure of long informal report?
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Q7- What is the title page for formal report?
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Q8- What is the structure of the formal reports?
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Chapter 5
Q1- Whatdo you know about Organization of reports?
Prepare an initial perspective to what is the general shape of the report going to be.
Decide on the sequence of its contents.
Decide the report size.
Decide the report structure.
Proceed of information.
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Q5- Sketch the flow chart for the report outlines preparation?
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Q6- What are the steps of the writing process, and explain in details any
one of them?
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Q7- What are the types of errors to be corrected throughout the technical
report writing, explain any one of them, and give some examples for
homophones?
1. Substantive errors.
Correct your calculations, data, curves, times, places and job title.
2. Sequencing errors.
3. Misspelling.
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Q9- What are the numbering schemes?
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Chapter 6
Q1-What are things make for good letter appearance, Then show the
main parts of a business letter?
Letter appearance:
When the body of the letter has been composed and ready to type, keep in mind three
things:
1) Typing
2) Paragraphing
3) White space
The main parts of a business letter are:
1) LETTERHEAD.
2) DATELINE.
3) INSIDE ADDRESS.
4) ATTENTION LINE.
5) SALUTATION.
6) SUBJECT LINE.
7) BODY.
8) COMPLIMMENTARY CLOSING.
9) COMPANY SIGNATURE.
10) SIGNERS IDENTIFICATION.
11) REFERENCE INITIALS.
12) ENCLOSURE REMINDER.
13) CC NOTATION.
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Q3- What are the essentials of good resume, sketch the main contents of
the resume? What are the main contents of resume?
Essentials for good resume are:
1) Easy to read.
2) Easily visible headings.
3) Not too long.
4) Short phrases rather than full sentences.
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Q4- Mention the general guides to be considered before starting to
write application letter for admission, what are the main sections of
the admission letter?
1. Design the letter for multiple audiences.
2. Stress on what you can do for the company, not what it can do for you.
3. Stress on your accomplishments, responsibilities and highlight your best qualification.
4. Set up your letter in expected format.
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Q5- With the aid of sketch illustrate unblocked format letter?
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Q6- With the aid of sketch illustrate semi-blocked format letter?
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Q7- With the aid of sketch illustrate blocked format letter?
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Chapter 7
Q1- What is the purpose of memoranda and short reports?
1. A request for assistance on a project.
2. A requisition for parts for a new project.
3. A proposal of your progress on a specific assignment.
4. An hourly or daily account of your activities.
5. A report of your inspection of a site.
6. A record of meeting.
7. A record of your survey to select the best prices or products.
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Q3- Sketch the main contents of progress reports?
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Chapter 8
Q1- Define Page Design and what are the elements of page design
that use to develop the sheets?
Page design: A term that refer to formatting options used to clear, readable, and visually
interesting documents.
These elements of page design: Paper, White Space, Headings, Lists, in-text emphasis,
Fonts, and Color.
Q2- Define White Space", what is the important of white space and
what are the opportunities for using white effectively?
White Space means the open places on the page with no text or graphics.
Important of White space:
1) Attracts attention.
2) Guide the eye to important information on the page.
3) Relieves the boredom of reading text.
4) Helps readers organize information.
Opportunities for using white space effectively:
1) Margins.
2) Columns.
3) Handing Indents.
4) Line space.
5) Right-justified versus ragged edge.
6) Paragraph length.
7) Paragraph indenting.
8) In-text graphics.
9) Pagination.
10) Heading space and lines.
Q3- Define Heading and what are the general guidelines for heading?
Heading are brief labels used to introduce each new section or subsection of text.
They serve as:
1) A signpost for the reader who wants to know the content.
2) A grabber to entice readers to read documents.
3) A visual oasis of white space where the reader gets relief form text.
General guidelines for heading:
1) Use your outline to create headings and subheadings.
2) Use substantive wording.
3) Maintain parallel form in wording.
4) Establish clear hierarchy in headings.
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Q4- Sketch the main contents of other heading options?
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Q5- Why should you use lists in the technical report writing?
Technical writing benefits from the use of lists. Readers welcome your efforts to cluster
items into lists for easy reading.
Here are some points to consider as you apply this important feature of page design:
1) Typical uses.
2) Number of items.
3) Use of bullets and numbers.
4) Format on page.
5) Parallelism and lead-ins.
6) Punctuation and capitalization.
7) Overuse.
Q6- Parallelism and lead-ins, make the listing easy to read. Rewrite the
following paragraph to satisfy the above statement.
To complete this project, we plan to do the following:
The Answer
Q7- Parallelism and lead-ins, make the listing easy to read. Rewrite the
following paragraph to satisfy the above statement.
To complete this project, we will to do the following:
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The Answer
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Chapter 9
Q1- What are the reasons for using special fonts, color, and graphics?
1) Special fonts, color, and graphics Simplify Ideas
2) Graphics Reinforce Ideas
3) Graphics Create Interest
4) Graphics are Universal
Q4- Compare between Informal tables and formal tables, What are the
guidelines for tables?
Informal Tables: Limited data arranged in the form of either rows or columns.
Formal Tables: Data arranged in a grid, always with both horizontal rows and vertical
columns.
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Q5- what are the guidelines for formal table?
1) Titles and numberings: Gives a title to each formal table, and place title and number
above the table.
2) Heading: Create short, clear heading for all columns and rows.
3) Abbreviations: Include in the heading any necessary abbreviations or symbols.
4) Numbers: Round off numbers when possible, for each reading.
5) Notes: place any necessary explanatory headnotes at the bottom of the table.
6) Footnotes: place any necessary footnotes below the table.
7) Sources: place any necessary source references below the footnotes.
8) Caps: Use uppercase and lowercase letters.
Q6- With the aids of the graphs, mention and illustrate the specific
guidelines for a Pie Charts?
1) Use no more 6 or 7 divisions
2) Move clockwise from 12:00, from largest to smallest wedge
3) Use pie charts especially for percentages and money
4) Be creative, but stay simple
5) Draw and label carefully
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Q7- With the aids of the graphs, mention and illustrate the specific
guidelines for a Bar Charts?
1) Use a limited number of bars
2) Show comparisons clearly
3) Keep bar widths equal and adjust space between bars carefully
4) Carefully arrange the order of bars
5) Be creative
Q8- With the aids of the graphs, mention and illustrate the specific
guidelines for a "Schedule Charts"
1) Include only main activities
2) List activities in sequence starting at the top of the chart
3) Run labels in the same direction
4) Create new formats when needed
5) Be realistic about the schedule
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Q9- With the aids of the graphs, mention and illustrate the specific
guidelines for a Line Charts?
1) Use line charts for trends
2) Locate line charts with care
3) Do not place numbers on the charts itself
4) Strive for accuracy and clarity
5) Use multiple lines with care
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