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Antimicrobial Polymeric Material PDF
Antimicrobial Polymeric Material PDF
Correspondence to:
Jaewoong Lee, Ph.D. email: leejaew@hotmail.com
O Cl O H
Wet Spinning Process
* O N * * N
The wet spinning apparatus (ISCO Series D, piston
n O *
Inactivate bacteria
n
pump) was fitted with 0.45 mm diameter single-hole
N Bleach
N
spinneret. A tap water coagulating bath and a stepped
Cl H
godet with four levels and a take-up winder were
used. Dry-jet wet spinning was used at 50~65 C,
with a 0.2 mL/min extrusion velocity, and an
FIGURE 1. Scheme of the function of m-aramid disinfection
appropriate godet speed was maintained to provide
minimum tension on the filament. The solution was
forced through a spin pack with a 325 mesh screen
EXPERIMENTAL and the single hole spinneret. Extrusion conditions
Materials were as follows:
Bleached cotton cellulose, with a degree of
polymerization (DP) of 1440, was used. The m- Process: dry-jet wet spinning
aramid was a DuPont fiber product. The ionic liquid, Extrusion temperature: 50 65 C
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, was Throughput: 0.2 mL/min
purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company Air gap: 20 mm
(Milwaukee, WI) and used as received. Bacterial Coagulation bath: tap water
cultures of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Godet speed: 25 RPM
Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895 employed Drawing: 3 stage, steps 1, 2, 3, and 4
were from the American Type Culture Collection Draw ratio: 2.95 3.89
(Rockville, MD), and Trypticase soy agar from Difco Take-up speed: 3.09 4.07 m/min
Laboratories (Detroit, MI).
After dry-jet wet spinning, the yarns were soaked in
Instrument and Measurement of Physical tap water at ambient temperature for 24 h to extract
Properties the solvent and then dried.
The scanning electron microscope investigation was
performed with a Jeol JSM-7000F (SEM). Samples
Chlorination and Titration
were coated with gold under argon purge before
The fibers were chlorinated using a commercial 6%
observation.
sodium hypochlorite solution (diluted to 10% of the
commercial strength with distilled water) at pH 7 to
Tensile properties were investigated with a Universal produce biocidal materials. After soaking the fiber in
Materials Testing Machine (Instron Model 1122) at the solution at ambient temperature for 60 min, and
22 C and 65% of humidity. The data were obtained rinsing with distilled water, the samples were then
by averages of 10 tests. The length between upper dried at 45 C for 2 h to remove any unbonded
and lower jaws was 25.4 mm, and the crosshead chlorine.
speed was 20 mm/min.
Ratio
(Cellulose/ m- 100/0 100/2 100/6 100/10 100/50 c 0/100 d
aramid)
[Cl+] % a 0 0.23 0.70 1.14 3.77 0.02
[Cl+] % b 0 0.05 0.15 0.17 0.56 0
Denier (g/9000m) 21.91.8 24.22.6 21.91.7 24.01.5 27.11.1 2.10.4
Tenacity (g/den) 2.450.54 2.480.46 2.820.34 2.580.73 1.900.14 3.680.58
Strain at break
4.71.7 6.01.7 5.81.9 7.61.6 16.22.2 52.626.4
(%)
a
Chlorine concentration and condition of chlorination: 3300 ppm, pH 7.0 and ambient temperature for 60 min.
b
Chlorine concentration and condition of chlorination: 330 ppm, pH 10.2 and ambient temperature for 60 min.
c
Take-up speed; 3.09 and draw ratio; 2.95.
d
Original m-aramid fibers, no additional wet-spinning added.
1.2
m-aramid
10% 25
m-aramid
Chlorine Content (%)
0.9
6% (a)
20
m-aramid
0.6 2%
15
[Cl+]%
0.3
10
0 (b)
5
1 day 101 days
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
FIGURE 4. Shelf-lives of the composite fibers Weight % of m -aramid in the composite fiber
TABLE IV.
Biocidal efficacy against microorganisms
Staphylococcus
Samples E. coli O157:H7b
a aureus c
Contact time
(% m- Bacterial reduction Bacterial reduction
aramid)
% Log % Log
reduction reduction reduction reduction
5
0% 0.74 0 15.44 0.1
min
30
31.07 0.2 71.60 0.5
min
5
2% 9.01 0 53.95 0.3
C min
o 30
n 42.10 0.2 70.77 0.5
min
t
r 5
6% 14.53 0.1 62.50 0.4
o min
l 30
20.04 0.1 68.84 0.5
min
5
10 % 11.77 0.1 63.60 0.4
min
30
44.86 0.3 65.26 0.5
min
5
0% 31.07 0.4 55.88 0.4
min
30
78.49 0.7 92.28 1.1
min
C
h 5
2% 99.99 3.9 100 6.3
l min
o 30
r 100 6.4 100 6.3
min
i
n 5
6% 100 6.4 100 6.3
a min
t 30
e 100 6.4 100 6.3
min
d
5
10 % 100 6.4 100 6.3
min
30
100 6.4 100 6.3
min
a
m-aramid content in the composite polymer (based on weight of cellulose).
b
Total bacteria: 2.43 x 106 cfu/sample.
c
Total bacteria: 2.06 x 106 cfu/sample.
T. S. Huang, Ph.D.
Department of Nutrition and Food Science
328 Spidle Hall
Auburn University
Auburn, AL 36849
USA