Definition of Terms

Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a titrant) to a
known volume of another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction reaches
neutralization, which is often indicated by a color change. The solution called the titrant must
satisfy the necessary requirements to be a primary or secondary standard. In a broad sense,
titration is a technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.
Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula
KMnO4. It is a salt consisting of K+ and MnO4 ions. Formerly known as permanganate of
potash or Condy's crystals, it is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water to give intensely
pink or purple solutions, the evaporation of which leaves prismatic purplish-black glistening
crystals.
pH indicator is a chemical detector for protons in acid-base titrations
Anoxic waters are areas of sea water, fresh water, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved
oxygen and are a more severe condition of hypoxia. The US Geological Survey defines anoxic
waters as those with dissolved oxygen concentration of less than .5 milligrams per litre.[1] This
condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange.
A buffer solution is one which resists changes in pH when small quantities of an acid or an
alkali are added to it.