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Reviewer Endterm Rizal Chapters 19 To 25
Reviewer Endterm Rizal Chapters 19 To 25
I. PRIVATIONS IN GHENT
a. Reasons for moving to Ghent
i. Cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels
ii. To escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne
II. PRINTING OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
a. He pawned his jewels in order to pay the down payment and the early partial payments during the printing of the novel
III. VENTURA, SAVIOR OF FILI
a. Valentine Ventura in Paris learned of Rizals predicament and immediately sent him the necessary funds
b. With his financial aid, the printing of the Fili was resumed
IV. THE FILI COMES OFF THE PRESS
V. DEDICATED TO GOM-BUR-ZA
VI. SYNOPSIS OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
a. This novel is a sequel to the Noli
i. It has little humor, less idealism, and less romance than the Noli Me Tangere
ii. It is more revolutionary, more tragic than the first novel
b. Simoun
i. The hero of the novel and is a rich jeweler
1. He was Ibarra of the Noli
ii. He fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended many Spanish officials
1. He returns to the Philippines where he freely moved around
2. He is a powerful figure not only because he is a rich jeweler, but also because he is a good friend and
adviser of the governor-general.
iii. He is secretly cherishing a terrible revenge against the Spanish authorities
1. 2 magnificent obsessions are:
a. Rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery of Santa Clara
b. To foment a revolution against the hated Spanish Masters
iv. A man of wealth and mystery, is a very close friend and confidante of the Spanish-Governor General.
1. Because of his great influence in Malacanang, he was called the Brown Cardinal or the Black Eminence
2. By using his wealth and his political influence, he encourages corruption in the government
a. Promotes the oppression of the masses
b. Hastens the moral degradation of the country so that the people may become desperate and
fight
3. He smuggles arms into the country with the help of a rich Chinese merchant, Quiroga, who wants very
much to be Chinese consul of Manila
4. His first attempt to begin the armed uprising did not materialize because at the last hour he hears the sad
news that Maria Clara died in the nunnery
v. Simoun perfects his plan to overthrow the government
1. Beautiful lamp was given as wedding gift to Paulita Gomez and Julio Pelaez
2. Only he and his confidential associate, Basilio, know that when the wick of his lamp burns lower the
nitroglycerine, will explode, destroying the house where the wedding feast is going to be held and killing all
the guests, including the governor general, the friars, and the government officials.
3. Simultaneously, all the government buildings in Manila will be blown by Simouns followers.
c. The story of El Fili begins on board the steamer, Tabo
d. Basilio
i. Medical student, whose medical education was financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago
e. Isagani
i. Rejected by Paulita because of his liberal ideas
ii. Was watching outside the house
iii. Basilio, his friend, warns him to go away because the lighted lamp will soon explode
iv. Realizes that Paulita was in grave danger
1. To save her life, he rushes into the house, seizes the lighted lamp, and hurls into the river, where it
explodes
f. Padre Florentino
i. Home refuge of Simoun when he escaped the soldiers who are in pursuit of him
ii. The Spanish authorities learns of his presence in the house
iii. Lt. Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he would come to arrest Simoun
g. Arrest was eluded by Simoun
i. Took a poison
ii. As he is dying, he confessed to Padre Florentino, revealing his true identity, his dastardly plan to use his wealth to
avenge himself, and his sinister aim to destroy his friends and enemies
h. Cabesang Tales
i. Dispossessed of his land by the friars like that of Rizals father.
ii. In desperation, becomes a bandit chieftain named Matanglawin
VII. NOLI AND FILI COMPARED
a. Noli
i. A romantic novel
ii. Work of the heart, a book of feeling
b. Fili
i. A political novel
1. Work of the head, a book of the thought
2. Contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence, and sorrow
ii. The original intention of Rizal was to make the Fili longer than the Noli
1. Rizal had to cut the Fili drastically owing to lack of funds
iii. Rizal himself considered the Noli as superior to the Fili
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VIII. RIZALS UNFINISHED THIRD NOVEL
a. Letter to Blumentritt
i. A novel in which politics will not find much space in it
ii. Ethics will play the principal role which deals mainly with the habits and customs of the Filipinos
iii. Jose wishes to be there; he wishes to be humorous, satirical and witty, to laugh and cry
b. While he was bound for Hong Kong:
i. He continued writing it but did not finish it
ii. To be written in Tagalog, intended for Tagalog readers
c. Story:
i. Sultan Zaide
1. with his royal family and retainers, was taken prisoner by the Spaniards during the wars in the Moluccas
and brought to Manila
2. The old sultan, his children, and followers were promised good treatment, but the Spaniards forgot their
promise and let them die one by one in misery
ii. Kamandangan
1. The hero of the novel
2. Descendant of Lakandula, last king of Tondo
3. Plotted to regain the lost freedom of his fathers
iii. It is said that Rizal was fortunate not to have finished this novel, because it would have caused greater scandal and
more Spanish vengeance on him.
IX. RIZALS OTHER UNFINISHED NOVEL
a. Makamisa
b. Dapitan
i. Wrote it during his exile in Dapitan to depict the town life and customs
c. A novel in Spanish about the life in Pili, a town in Laguna is also unfinished
d. Another unfinished novel of Rizal, also without a title, is about Cristobal, a youthful Filipino student who was returned from
Europe
e. A novel that describes the deplorable conditions of the Philippines
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VI. WRITINGS IN HONGKONG
a. Rizal wrote A Visit to Victoria Gaol
i. An account of his visit to the colonial prison in Hong Kong
ii. In this article he contrasted the cruel Spanish prison system with the moderm and more humane British prison
system
b. Constitution of the La Liga Filipina
i. Most important writing made in Hong Kong
VII. DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILA
a. Reasons:
i. To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project
ii. To establish the Liga Filipina in Manila
iii. To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid
1. Letes attack, which was printed in La Solidaridad, portrayed Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistic a
patriot in words only
2. Protest of Rizal to del Pilar:
a. Why did del Pilar permit Lete to write in the article?
b. It could harm more the interests of the whole country
VIII. LAST HONG KONG LETTERS
a. FIRST LETTER: ADDRESSED TO HIS PARENTS AND FRIENDS
i. I realized how much suffering I have caused you yet I do not regret what I have done in pursuit of my duty
ii. Lived the examples he preached
iii. A man ought to die for duty and his principles
iv. To advance the future of the country, and shall willingly die for it, and even more willingly sacrifice all to secure
justice and peace for you
v. I risk life to save so many innocent persons
vi. There are many persons, filled with hope and ambition, who perhaps might be happier if I were dead
vii. Should fate go against me, you will all understand that I shall die happy in the thought that my death will end all your
troubles.
b. SECOND LETTER: ADDRESSED TO THE FILIPINOS
i. I cannot live on seeing so many suffer unjust persecution on my account
ii. I prefer death and cheerfully shall relinquish life to free so many innocent persons from such unjust persecution
iii. I appreciate the fact that at present the future of our country gravitates in some degree around me, that at my death
many will feel triumphant; many are wishing for my fall
iv. I hold duties of conscience above all else
v. I am all my parents have, but our country has many more sons who can take my place and even do my work better.
vi. Besides I wish to show those who deny us the boon of patriotism that we know how to die for duty and principles
vii. What matters death, if one dies for what one loves, for native land and beings held dear?
IX. RIZAL FALLS INTO SPANISH TRAP
a. After Rizals departure from Hong Kong, the Spanish-consul general, who issued the government guarantee of safety, sent a
cablegram to Governor Despujol that the victim is in trap.
i. A secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation.
b. The deceitful Despujol ordered his secretary, Luis de la Torre, to find out if Rizal was naturalized as a German citizen, as was
rumored, so that he might take proper action against one who had the protection of a strong nation.
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a. The same issue of the Gaceta contained Governor General Despujols decree deporting Rizal to one of the islands in the South
b. The gubernatorial decree gave the reasons for Rizals deportation, as follows:
i. Rizal had published books and articles abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain and which were frankly anti-
catholic and imprudently anti-friar
ii. A few hours after his arrival in Manila there was found in one of the packages a bundle of handbills entitled Pobres
Frailes
iii. His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of three traitors (Gom-Bur-Za), and on the title page he
wrote that in view of the vices and errors of the Spanish administration, the only salvation for the Philippines was
separation from the mother country.
iv. The end which he pursues in his efforts and writings is to tear from the loyal Filipino breasts the treasures of our holy
Catholic faith.
c. He was exiled in Dapitan for a period of 4 years.
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i. Engineers marveled how Rizal could have built such a system of waterworks, for he had inadequate tools and his
finances are limited
ii. Without aid from the government, he succeeded in giving a good water system
c. Length of this aqueduct is several kilometers
IX. COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN
a. Aside from constructing the towns first water system, he spent many months draining the marshes in order to get rid of
malaria that infested Dapitan
b. The P500 which an Englishman patient paid him was used by Jose to equip the town with its lighting system
i. This lighting system consisted of coconut oil lamps
ii. Electric lighting was unknown then in the Philippines
iii. It was not until 1894 when Manila saw the first electric lights
c. Another project was the beautification of Dapitan
i. He remodeled the town plaza to enhance its beauty
ii. He wanted it to have the same standards as Europe
X. RIZAL AS TEACHER
a. His exile in Dapitan gave him the opportunity to put into practice his educational ideas
b. Established a school; he applied the same system of education that he learned in Ateneo in his school
i. Best is called the emperor and sat at the head of the bench
XI. CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE
a. Was able to built a rich collection of concology
b. Among these:
i. Draco Rizali (a flying dragon)
ii. Apogonia Rizali (a small beetle)
iii. Rhacophorus Rizali (a rare frog)
XII. ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN
a. Rizal made sketches of persons and things that attracted him in Dapitan
XIII. RIZAL AS FARMER
a. Rizal bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay, where he built his home, school, and hospital, and planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane,
coconuts and fruit trees.
b. He acquired more lands until his total holdings reached 70 hectares, containing 6,000 hemp plants 1,000 coconut trees, and
numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao.
c. Rizal introduced modern methods of agriculture which he had observed in Europe and America.
d. He imported agricultural machinery from the U. S.
e. He invited his friends and family to come to his projected agricultural colony
i. Rizal wanted to establish a new Calamba in Dapitan
ii. This project did not materialize because he could not get the support of the government.
XIV. RIZAL AS BUSINESSMAN
a. In partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan Merchant, he made profitable business ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp
industries, and lime manufacturing
b. The most profitable business of Rizal was in hemp industry
c. To break the Chinese monopoly on business in Dapitan, Rizal organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers
i. Helped the producers and workers by establishing a store wherein they can buy prime commodities at moderate
prices.
XV. RIZALS INVENTIVE ABILITY
a. While practicing medicine in Calamba, he invented a cigarette lighter which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt
i. He called this sulpukan, which is made of wood
ii. Its mechanism is based on the principle of compressed air
b. He invited a machine for making bricks
i. This machine could manufacture about 6,000 bricks daily
XVI. MY RETREAT
a. Serene life as an exile in Dapitan
XVII. RIZAL & JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
a. The death of Leonor Rivera left a poignant void in Joses heart
b. Josephine Bracken
i. Came to Dapitan, an Irish, 18 y.o.
ii. Her mother died in childbirth and she was adopted by George Taufer, who later became blind
1. No ophthalmic surgeon in Hong Kong could cure that is why they need to go to Manila to seek the services
of the famous ophthalmic surgeon
2. They heard in Hong Kong that Rizal was in Dapitan
c. Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other at first sight
i. They agreed to marry after a month
ii. But Fr. Obach, the priest of Dapitan, refused to marry them without the permission of the Bishop of Cebu
d. When Mr. Taufer heard of their projected marriage
i. He flared up in anger
ii. Unable to endure the thought of losing Josephine, he tried to commit suicide by cutting of his throat with a razor
iii. Rizal, however, grabbed his wrists and prevented him from killing himself
iv. To avoid the tragedy, Josephine went with Taufer to Manila by the first available steamer
1. The blind man went away uncured because his ailment was venereal in nature, hence incurable
v. Mr. Taufer returned alone to Hong Kong, Josephine stayed in Manila with Rizals family.
e. Since no priest would marry them, Rizal and Josephine held hands together and married themselves before the eyes of God.
i. Fr. Obach was scandalized and gossips circulated around
f. Rizal was expecting a baby
i. Unfortunately, Jose played a prank on her, frightening her so that she prematurely gave birth to an 8 th month baby
boy, who only lived for three hours
ii. This lost son of Rizal was named Francisco in honor of his father
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XVIII. RIZAL AND THE KATIPUNAN
a. Andres Bonifacio, the Great Plebian, was sowing the seeds of an unarmed uprising
i. Founded the Katipunan, the secret revolutionary society
b. Dr. Pio Valenzuela was named emissary to Dapitan
i. To inform Rizal of the plan of the Katipunan to launch a revolution for freedoms sake
ii. Dr. Valenzuela left Manila on board the steamer, Venus
iii. To camouflage his real mission, he brought with him a blind man named Raymundo Mata
c. Rizal objected to Bonifacios audacious project to plunge the country in bloody revolution
i. He was of the sincere belief that it was premature, for two reasons:
1. The people are not ready for revolution
2. Arms and funds must first be collected before raising the cry for revolution
ii. He also disapproved of the other plan of the Katipunan to rescue him
1. Because he had given his word of honor to the Spanish authorities
2. And he did not want to break it
XIX. VOLUNTEERS AS MILITARY DOCTOR IN CUBA
a. Months before the Katipunan contacted Jose, Rizal had offered his services as military doctor in Cuba, which was then in the
throes of a revolution and a raging yellow fever epidemic.
i. There was a shortage of physicians to minister to the needs of the Spanish troops and the Cuban people.
b. It was Blumentritt who told him of the deplorable health situation in war-ridden Cuba and advised him to volunteer as army
physician there
c. Rizal wrote to Gov.-Gen. Ramon Blanco, Despujols successor, offering his services as military doctor in Cuba
i. Blanco notified him of the acceptance of his offer
XX. THE SONG OF THE TRAVELER
a. Great was Rizals joy in receiving the gladsome news
b. He knew that he was free and he can travel to Europe then Cuba
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a. A passenger told Rizal the bad news that he would be arrested by order of Gov. Gen. Blanco and would be sent to prison in
Ceuta (Spanish Morocco)
b. Rizal belatedly realized that he was duped by the unscrupulous Spanish officials, particularly Blanco
c. Letter to Blumentritt:
i. I have offered to serve as a physician, risking life in the hazards of war and abandoning all my business
ii. I am innocent and now in reward they are sending me to prison
iii. I am communicating to you this news that you may appraise my situation.
VII. ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER (8 days)
a. The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted exactly 30 days
b. Jose was kept under heavy guard in his cabin for three days
c. Rizal was escorted to the grim and infamous prison-fortress named Monjuich
i. He spent the whole morning in a cell
d. Joses interview with Despujol
i. Told Rizal that he would be shipped back to Manila
e. Rizal was taken aboard on a ship full of soldiers and officers
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iv. In spite of my counsels, the movement broke out
v. I spontaneously offered not only my services, but my life, and even my name so that they might use them in the
manner they saw fit to suppress the rebellion
vi. Liberty is desired by placing education as a premise by means of education and of labor they might have a
personality of their own and make themselves worthy of liberties
vii. In my writings I have recommended redemption
viii. I have written that reforms, to be fruitful, have to come from above, that those that come from below are irregular
and unstable
ix. I condemn this absurd, savage uprising planned behind my back, which dishonors us
x. I abhor its criminal methods and disclaim all participation therein.
c. Rizals manifesto was not issued to the people
i. Rizal was saved from the shame of his manifestos being misinterpreted and disobeyed by the Filipinos in arms
IX. THE TRIAL OF RIZAL
a. His case was prejudged; he was considered guilty before the actual trial
b. Rizal was not given the right (which any accused is entitled to have in a real court of justice) to face the witnesses against him
in open court
c. The prosecuting attorney urged the court to give the verdict of death to the accused
d. Rizal proved his innocence by twelve points:
i. He could not be guilty of rebellion, for he advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan not to rise in revolution
ii. He did not correspond with the radical, revolutionary elements
iii. The revolutionists used his name without his knowledge. If he were guilty he could have escaped Singapore
iv. If he had a hand in revolution, he could have escaped in a Moro vinta and would not have built a home, a hospital,
and bought lands in Dapitan
v. If he were the chief of revolution, why was he not consulted by the revolutionists?
vi. It was true that he wrote the by-laws of the Liga Filipina, but this is only a civic association not a revolutionary
society.
vii. The Liga Filipina did not live long, for after the first meeting he was banished to Dapitan and it died out.
viii. If the La Liga was organized 9 months later, he did not know about it.
ix. The La Liga did not serve the purpose of the revolutionists, otherwise they would not have supplanted it with the
Katipunan.
x. If it were true that there were some bitter comments in Rizals letters, it was because they were written in 1890
when his family was being persecuted
xi. His life in Dapitan had been exemplary as the politico-military commanders and missionary priests could attest
xii. It was not true that the revolution was inspired by one of his speech at the house of Doroteo Ongjunco, as alleged by
witnesses whom he would like to confront. His friends knew his opposition to armed rebellion. Why did the
Katipunan send an emissary to Dapitan who was unknown to him?
e. The military court unanimously voted for the sentence of death
X. POLAVIEJA SIGNS RIZALS EXECUTION
a. Polavieja approved the decision of the court-martial and ordered Rizal o be shot at 7am of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field.