Tempos Verbais

Present Simple- is a form of the verb that shows the action takes place in the
present.
Here are the different usages of this tense:
Repeating actions or habits
Facts or things which are true at all times
Conditions (not actions) taking place at this moment
Form
Affirmative- subject+verb in the present simple
Negative- subject dont/doesnt+ verb in the present simple
Interrogative- do+subject+verb in the present simple +?
Present Continuous
Here are the different usages of this tense:
for something that is happening at the moment of speaking
for something which is happening before and after a given time:
e.g. At eight oclock we are usually having breakfast.
When I get home the children are doing their homework.
for something which we think is temporary
for something which has been arranged or planned
e.g. Mary is going to a new school next term.
What are you doing next week?
Form
Affirmative-subject+the present tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the
main verb(verb+ -ing)
Negative- we put not between the form of be and the verb.
Questions-we simply swop the places of subject and the form of be.
Past Continuous
Here are the different usages of this tense:
to describe an action that was in progress at a particular moment in the past
for two or more actions taking place at the same time in the past
when we describe an action which was interrupted by another action in the
past.
Form
Affirmative-auxiliary verb to be+main verb+ -ing in the past simple
Negative- wasnt/ werent+ main verb + -ing
Interrogative- was/were+ subject + main verb +-ing
Past Simple-the past simple refers to a completed actions that started and finished in
the past
Form
e=ed (love-loved)
consonant+y=ied (study-studied)
one syllable verb ending in consonant+vowel+consonant= double the last consonant
+ -ed (stop- stopped)
Present Perfect Simple
Here are the different usages of this tense:
actions that started in the past and continue up to the present
completed past actions in which the time is not mentioned(the action is more
important that the time when it occurred)
actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected with the
present (theres a present result of a past action)
Form
Affirmative- have/has+ past participle
Negative
have/has+ not + past participle
Interrogative
have/has+ subject + past participle

Modal Verbs
Could
utilizado para expressar habilidade, permisso ou possibilidade.
Would
O may utilizado para contextos mais formais, ao contrrio do can, que usado em
contextos mais usuais. Ele expressa uma possibilidade no presente ou no futuro.
Tambm pode ser utilizado para pedir permisso
Must
O must utilizado para indicar obrigao, proibio ou deduo.

Phrasal Verbs
A phrasal verb is a verb followed by a preposition or an adverb.
Examples of phrasal verbs:
turn off..,hang up,send out,log in,call back,switch on.

Oraes Relativas
Relative Pronouns
Who
Miley Cyrus lives in California. She is a singer.
Miley Cyrus, who is a singer, lives in California:
Which
Miley Cyrus made an album. It sold millions of copies.
Miley Cyrus made an album which sold millions of copies
Whose
Miley Cyrus has a dog. His name is Shooter.
Miley Cyrus has a dog whose name is Shooter
We use whose in place of his, her, its, our, their.
That
Who, which can be replaced by that when its a defining clause
Relative Clauses
Non- defining relative clauses (commas)
Add extra information to the sentence
Defining relative clauses (no commas)
Add essential information

Quantificadores
A lot of-em frases afirmativas negativas e interrogativas- com nomes no
contveis e plurais
e.g. Ive got a lot of films at home.
Much-em frases negativas e interrogativas-com nomes no contveis.
e.g.How much water is there?
Many-em frases negativas e interrogativas-com nomes contveis no plural
e.g-I have many cookies.
Some-em frases afirmativas-com nomes no contveis e plurais
e.g. I want some honey
Tambm utilizado em perguntas para fazer ofertas ou pedidos
e.g.Would you like some sugar in your coffee
Any- em frases negativas e interrogativas-com nomes no contveis e
plurais.
e.g.Have you got any juice?No, I havent any.
Few-em frases afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas- com nomes contveis
no plural
e.g. I ve got a few pencils.
Little-em frases afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas- com nomes no
contveis

Adjetivo Sujeito
Sufixo -ABLE/-IBLE (=ser capaz de/ ter a qualidade de/ ser)

Nome + -able Verbo + -able Verbo + -ible

fashion- fashionable wash- washable sense- sensible

value- valuable drink- drinkable convert- convertible

honour- honourable eat- eatable digest- digestible

comfort- comfortable imagine- imaginable acess- accessible

reason- reasonable resist- resistible

Sufixo -FUL (=cheio de/que )

Nome + -ful Verbo + -ful

beauty- beautiful harm- harmful

colour- colourful use- useful

power- powerful help- helpful

pain- painful forget- forgetful

Sufixo -LESS (=falta de/ausncia)

Nome + -less Verbo + -less

faith- faithless harm- harmless

colour- colourless use- useless

power- powerless help- helpless

pain- painless taste- tasteless

Conditionals:
Type 0
For general truths (things that are always true)
Form
If+present simple + , +present simple
e.g.If the sun shines, the snow melts
Type 1
For real/probable present/future situations
Form
If+ present simple, + future simple (will+infinitive)
e.g. If we pollute the planet, we will all die