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Summary of Reaction Pathways in Organic Chemistry
Summary of Reaction Pathways in Organic Chemistry
ALKANES POLYALKENES
PRIMARY AMINES
ALKENES DIHALOALKANES
HALOALKANES ALKYL
HYDROGEN EPOXYALKANES DIOLS
SULPHATES
ALCOHOLS
NITRILES
CARBONYLS
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
You need to know the equations, conditions, reagents and type of reaction for all these
reactions.
1. Alkane chloroalkane
reagents: Cl2
conditions: UV light
mechanism: free radical substitution
equation: RH + Cl2 RCl + HCl
2. Alkene polyalkene
Conditions: low T, high p.
Equation:
C C
n C C
C C + H Br C C
Br H
4. Alkene dibromoalkane
Reagent: Br2 in water or in an organic solvent
Conditions: room T
Equation:
C C + Br Br C C
Br Br
5. Alkene alkylhydrogensulphate
Reagent: concentrated sulphuric acid
Conditions: cold
Equation:
C C + H OSO3H C C
H OSO3H
6. Alkylhydrogensulphate alcohol
Reagent: water
Conditions: warm
Equation:
C C
C C +
+ H2O H OSO3H
H OSO3H
H OH
7. Alkene alcohol
Reagent: steam
Conditions: 300 oC, 60 atm, H3PO4 catalyst
Equation:
H H
C C + O C C
OH H
9. Haloalkane nitrile
Reagent: KCN in aqueous ethanol
Conditions: boil under reflux
Equation: R-X + CN- R-CN + X-
Type of reaction: nucleophilic substitution
C C -
R C C X + X + H2O
R R
R R
Type of reaction: elimination
OH
Type of reaction: elimination