22/11/2017 Ba Tic Thnh Th (Luy Phm vn Nhng)

BA TIC THNH TH
Lm. Luy Phm Vn Nhng

A. BA N VIT NAM
Ngi Vit Nam dng ch n vi mt ni dung rt phong ph :
- Khi th c th : n bn, n bm, n non, n chn, n bt, n chc
- Khi th tru tng : n din, n ni, n mc, n chi.
- Khi th ch mt s hng th : n tt, n gi, n khao, n mng, n chay.
- Khi th ch mt hnh vi : n cp, n cp, n gian, n my.
- Khi th ch mt thi trong tm hn : n nn, n .
Chnh v th m khi ni n n ung, c khi c ngha rt phm tc nhng cng c khi li rt thanh cao.
Xt v tn gi mn n th ngi Tu rt cu k :
C mn gi l Ng long i hi tht 5 loi rn, c mn gi l Vn thn ngha l my c nut, thc ra ch l mn mn thn m
ta thng n. Cn tn gi mn n Vit Nam th rt n gin : tht ch, mc nng

Ngi Vit Nam n cm l ch yu :

Kht vng vn c t ngn xa vn l no cm m o. Bi gi tr c bit ca n nn ht go c v l ht ngc Tri ban
cho : nh tri mi c cm n o mc. V th khi n cm m ht cm vng vi ra t th ti cht nht l khng c gim
ln ht cm m i.
Cm l phc lc Tri ban :
Tri nh cn trnh ba n (khi n cm khng b st nh). V th trong ba n, d c bc mnh, cha m vn nhn
nhc khng nh mng con ci. C nh n ung xum hp vui v xong , sau mun mng th no th mng.
Ca n tri ban l ban chung cho mi ngi nn khng dnh ring cho ai mi ngi u c hng lc Tri ban. V th
m c tc l mi n cm : trc khi n con chu phi mi cha m, gp ngi khch i qua cng phi mi : ting cho cao hn
mm c. Khch c th khng bo trc, gia ch c th khng chun b, nhng vn c th vo ngi n ung vui v. Gia hng
xm lng ging, thiu cht mm mui, cht gia v, ngi ta sang xin bn hng xm. C bt canh ngon, c hoa qu u ma, c
cm mi vn em biu ng b cha m t lng tho hiu :
C con m g chng gn
c bt canh cn n cng em cho.
n cm l c nh xum hp, nn phi knh trn nhng di :

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Ngi di phi mi ngi trn, ngi m hoc ch c phi ngi u ni v xi cm cho c nh. n ung phi lch s,
khng c va nhai va ni, khng c khua ni khua bt v nht l n trng ni, ngi trng hng.
Ba cm thng ngy vy phng chi l cm cng.
Cm cng ng b phi l cm tinh khit : khng ai cng tht ch, mc d sng trn i n ming di ch, l v con
ch n d. Khi nu c khng c nm l v con chu n trc ng b th v php.
Khi by c th phi t ni cao sch s v bng c ln nh khng c php i di nhng giy phi qun o, nht l
qun o n b.
H hng tham d l vi t cch dng tc, nn d ng lm quan to trong x hi, ng vn phi ngi ng vai v ca mnh.
Sau mt tun nhang, ng b v hng c cng, con chu mi c php hng lc ng b v sau em phn v
chia cho nhng ngi nh ai ai cng c tha hng.

Trong gia nh c c cng th ngoi lng c c lng, c khao vng :

y l ba n biu l a v ca mt ngi trong x hi.
Mt ming gia lng bng mt sng x bp, c lng l lc ca Thnh hong ban cho dn lng nn mi ngi trong lng
d l mt em b cng c hng phn ca mnh. Khao vng c mc ch khng nh a v ca con ngi n khao trc lng
x v t nay mi ngi phi i x vi anh ta theo a v mi ca anh ta.
C cng thn thnh li cng cn phi cn thn v tinh khit hn.
Nhng ln hay nh, chay hay mn l ty ho tm ca th ch, ty n xin ln hay nh hoc ty theo s thch ca thn
thnh. cng c khi l lng thnh, c khi l th mng (cht thay cho gia ch) c khi l dng cng cho ng b, cho c hn.
Cc ngi hng xong th l lc thnh mi ngi c tha hng, c ha thn vo sc mnh linh thing ca thn
thnh.
Ni tm li, ba n Vit Nam ti gia nh, lng cng nh nh cha u c gi tr biu l tnh ngha, hiu tho, tn
knh cng nh chia s phc lc tri ban.

B. BA TIC VT QUA
Ba n Do Thi :
Ba n chnh nhm vo lc sau mt tri ln. Tinh thn v thn th ngh ngi l iu kin n ngon. y l lc gia nh xum hp.
Ba n c chun b do cc ph n. Khch c th xin ngh nh bt lun lc no, nhng n sau ba ti m khng bo trc, th khng th
v cho tr th phi cho n. Mn n ct yu l bnh la mch, ngi ta khng dng dao m ct, nhng dng tay m b. H va n va
ung nc, chuyn cho nhau bnh nc, ban m cng bnh nc bn ging nm. Mn n thng thng l tht thi nh hm vi u,
rau, c chua. H n bng tha v nu cm ming bnh nhng vo nc tht trao cho ai, th l ngi m ch nh qu mn.
Cch cho hi ca h thc l di dng :

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Chng hn ng A v ng B gp nhau :
A : Phc cho ng ti.
B : Nguyn ng c phc gp i.
A : ng mnh gii ra sao ?
B : Nh n ng, ti mnh.
A : Nh n ca Cha.
B : Cha c lng thng xt.
A : Cng vic ca ng ra sao ?
B : Ngi khen Cha !
A : Thn ph ng th no ?
B : Cha ti gi li thm ng.
A : Ti rt mong c gp thn ph ng.
B : Cha ti li cng mong c gp ng.
A : Ti c th gip c g cho ng khng ?
B : Nguyn Cha cho ng sng lu !
A : ng c con nga tt qu !
B : N thch ch ng lm !
A : Khi no ng s tr v ?
B : Ty theo Cha !
A : Nguyn Cha cng ng !
B : Nguyn ng c bnh an !
[1]
Chnh v l m nh truyn gio khng c cho hi ai dc ng.
Cu c cn ni ti nhng ba n linh thing theo sau vic t l
(St 31,54 ; Xh 12,8 ; 1Sm 9,12 )
Ba n lm cho thc khch c tham d vo sc mnh v hiu nng ca hy t, hp th c qu phc do ca l dng, v c mt
gi tr thing ling lu thng sang h. Lut quy nh phi t chc nhng ba n 1 cch long trng (nl 12,7 ; 12,23 ; 15,20 ; 27,7)
nhng ni xng ng, trong cung thnh v l n trc nhan Giav Thin Cha cc ngi. c n ung ni nh ca Cha
l c tr thnh thn thit vi Cha, ngha l c hin thnh.
Ba n linh thing l mt nghi l hon tt giao c, gm nghi thc ry mu vt hy t trn bn th, phn cn li ry trn
dn. Sau Ms v nhng ngi theo ng, sau khi c c n chim ngng Thin Cha th h n ung. Ba n
nim n vic k giao c (nh kiu Vit Nam : ung mu n th). Ba n ny biu l s cam kt cng nh s lin i cng
ng, s quyt tm trung thnh vi giao c.
Ba tic Vt Qua :
Theo J.Glineau trong cun Hp Nhau C Hnh Phng V, th :

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a. Ni phng ngoi,
Ngi trn cc gh mt hay gh di, ngi ta mang nc ti, mi ngi ra bn tay mt. Ngi ta mang cho mi ngi
mt ly ru nho c pha nc l, mi ngi s c li chc tng nh sau : Chc tng Giav Thin Cha chng ta, vua v tr,
Ngi sng to nn tri ca cy nho.
Ngi ta mang ti cc mn n chi : mi ngi s c mt li chc tng trc khi dng.
Ni phng n,
Nm trn nhng ivng, ngi ta mang ti ly ru th nht. Ngi ta ra c hai bn tay. Gia trng cm bnh v c li chc tng
nhn danh cc ngi ng bn : Chc tng Giav Thin Cha chng ta, Vua th gii, Ngi lm cho bnh ny ra t t. tha
: Amen. Gia trng b bnh v trao cho mi ngi mt ming. Nu ngi ta li mang ru ti, gia trng s c li chc tng
Cha nhn danh mi ngi : ly ru th hai.
Sau mn n chnh,
Gia trng mi mt ngi khch tham d hy c mt li chc tng sau ba n. Ngi ny c li knh mi chc tng m
bn mu s thay i ty theo s ngi tham d :
Chc tng Giav Thin Cha chng ta
V lng thc m chng ta c n.
Cc ngi ng bn s tha li bng mt li chc tng y nh th.
Lc ngi khch danh d s ngi dy, cm ly ru ni bn tay mt ( l ly ru th 3 : mnh danh l ly ru chc tng) nng
cao ln mt gang tay khi mt bn, i mt nhn vo ly ru v c nhng li chc tng theo nghi thc nhn danh mi ngi.
Cc ngi ng bn tha : Amen.
Ngi ta t trm hng v mang ru ti (ly ru th 4) cng vi cc mn n trng ming khc nhau.

C. BA TIC THNH TH.

Trong ba tic sau ht, vo m b np, ng Cu Chuc chng ta thit lp Hy T T n bng Mnh v Mu Ngi, nh ,
Hy T Thp Gi ko di qua cc thi i cho ti khi Ngi li n, v cng y thc cho Hin Th yu qu ca Ngi l Hi Thnh
tng nh s cht v phc sinh ca Ngi : y l b tch tnh yu, du ch hip nht, mi giy bc i, ba tic vt qua (PV 47).
Tic thnh th c c hnh trong tic vt qua, l ba tic ly ca Cha.
C 4 Phc m u ng Cha Gisu cht vo ngy th Su l ngy l Vt Qua ca Ngi Do Thi.
- Nhng theo Phc m Nht Lm ngy th nht trong tun n bnh khng men l ngy st t chin vt qua th ba tic ly l
tic vt qua, v Cha Gisu mng l Vt Qua vo th Nm, chiu ngy 14 thng Nisan.
- Theo Phc m Gioan, Cha Gisu cht sau 12 gi tra ngy th Su, vo lc chin vt qua b st t ti n th v sau
cc gia nh mi n l Vt Qua. Nh th th ba tic ly khng phi l ba tic Vt Qua, m ch c khung cnh hoc hng ti

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l Vt Qua m thi.

Cha truyn php Bnh v Ru lc no ?

Nh ni phn trn v tic Vt Qua, Cha Gisu truyn php Bnh lc b bnh ( xem 2, ni phng n) v truyn
php Ru khi nng chn chc tng (xem 3, sau mn n chnh). Nh th Bnh v Ru c truyn php trc v sau mn n
chnh : l Chin Vt Qua.
Khi thit lp Php Thnh Th, Cha Gisu thng hoa cc yu t c truyn ca ba n linh thing cng nh ba tic
Vt Qua ca ngi Do Thi ln mt ga tr siu nhin ca tic Thnh Th.
Tic Thnh Th : tic Hy t Giao c mi.
Giao c c k kt bng vic ry mu v bng mt ba n linh thing. Tic Thnh Th cng c mu giao c mi s
ra cho nhiu ngi c n tha ti. Nhng ch ra nh Ms lm xa th cha , mu y cn phi c cc mn
ung na : cc con ht thy hy ung chn ny.
Nh th, Giao c mi, giao c vnh vin gia Thin Cha v loi ngi c k kt bng mt Hy t v ng thi bng
mt Ba n : mu giao c l mu ra nhng cng cn l mu c ban cho ngi ta ung. Cha Gisu l Con chin hy t,
khng b nh dp mt ci xng no, Con chin ca l Vt qua mi m chnh Ngi ang n ba tic vt qua vi cc mn
. Hy t giao c v ba tic vt qua c kt hp thnh mt trong ba tic Thnh Th. Hy t Thnh Th i phi c hon
tt trong ba n hip thng chng ta c kt hip vi ng Cu Th chu ng inh.
Tic Thnh Th : tic ni Thnh.
Tic Vt Qua l tic n nh, trong mi gia nh ca ngi Do Thi. Cc tng cng c hnh l b bnh nh ch
khng phi n th Girusalem. Nhng cung cch ca Cha trong ba tic ly li l cung cch mt ni thnh : Cha mun
n ba tic ly trong thnh Girusalem ni thnh Sion, trc s hin din ca Cha Gisu, tc l trc nhan thnh Thin
Cha. y cn c ngi cao trng hn n Th nhiu.
So snh nh th, chng ta thy cc tng l nhng khch mi ca Cha, h n ung trc mt Ngi, v hn na
ca n ca ung li l chnh Mnh v Mu Ngi, ri Ai n tht Ta v ung Mu Ta th trong Ta v Ta trong k y.
T l Vt Qua Do Thi n tic Vt Qua vnh cu :
Cha chn ba tic Vt Qua lp b tch Thnh Th. Cha khao kht n l Vt Qua v sai cc mn
chun b k lng. Trong ba n ny, ngi Do Thi tng nim vic Cha gii thot h khi ch n l Ai Cp, hn na h cn
c cng c nim hy vng vo ng Thin Sai s n : Chc tng ng nhn danh Cha m n.
Nh th khi chn ba tic Vt Qua lp b tch Thnh Th, c Kit mun cho ta hiu Ngi l Con Chin Vt Qua
tht, Con Chin gnh ti trn gian v mu cu trn gian. Vic truyn php bnh trc khi n tht chin chng
t : c Kit, chin Vt Qua ca chng ta b st t.
Ba n Vt Qua k nim vic gii thot ch n l v tin bo n cu ng Thin Sai s mang n; th b tch Thnh
Th cng c c hnh tng nim cuc kh nn cu chuc v ng thi n nhn ng Cu Th n trong th gii. Mi
cuc c hnh Thnh Th l mi ln ng Thin Sai li n : Ngi n tr v vnh vin trong cc linh hn.
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V hng v ng Thin Sai nn b tch Thnh Th hng v ba tic cnh chung. Isaia din t nim vui n cu nh l
mt ba tic ln, y nhng cao lng ru nng, khng cn mt tin mua, nhng do Cha khon i. Cc Rabbi Do Thi
gio cng din t i sng vnh cu nh l mt ba tic ln. Cha Gisu cng v Nc Tri nh l mt ba tic ln, tic ci
Chin Con. l ba tic cnh chung khi n Cu hon thnh. Ba tic ny do Cha Gisu thit lp v mi gi mi ngi
tham d, n nhn n cu vnh vin v thnh lp mt cng on thin quc.
Ba tic Thnh Th c thnh lp ng vo lc chng r sp b a i khi cc mn : ba tic n khp vi vic n
chay !
Tic Thnh Th l mt kiu n chay v l mt tic hy t nn c ng rng thc khch phi tham d vo vic hy sinh.
Chng r ban mnh trong ba tic ny, nhng ban mnh bng cch bin i v ai mun c c y s hin din ca Ngi th
phi n chay. Khi rc Mnh Thnh, chng ta sung sng v c Ngi trong ta mt cch no v c nm trc hnh
phc trn tri, nhng ng thi chng ta vn cm thy mnh hn hp, au kh v chng ta vn cha n nhn Ngi mt cch
trn vn. Tic Thnh Th cho ta c nm hnh phc vi c Lang Qun m vn cn pha ln au xt v cn xa cch Ngi.

KT LUN
Mun sng, mun khe mnh th phi n ung cho y , thiu n l suy dinh dng. M c tnh ca n l phi thng
xuyn, u n. V th ca n Thnh Th l ca n nui dng ngi Kit hu, l ca n i ng trn con ng dng th.
Ba n no cng c nt vn ha ca n vn ha m thc Vit Nam coi ht cm l phc lc tri ban, n cm l xum hp
gia nh, l knh trn nhng di, l biu l tm lng thnh dng knh ca l tinh hoa.
l nhng nt p ca vn ha trong ba n s gip chung ta chun b ba tic Thnh Th mt cch thc, trn
trng v m bn sc dn tc.

[1]
Trch trong Thnh Kinh Phong Tc Mc s G.M. Mackie.

Mc Lc | Tr V Trang Nh

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