IPA17-153-SG

PROCEEDINGS, INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION

Forty first Annual Convention & Exhibition, May 2017

DETERMINATION OF FACIES DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND HYDROCARBON

POTENTIAL BASED ON OUTCROP

Rizky Fauzi*
Chairul Ikhwan*
Septian Ade Pradana*
Adjie Zunaid Tualeka*
Yoga Tri Wardana*
Ahmad Humam Fanani*

ABSTRACT

The Batu Besaung research area and surrounding areas are located in the city of Samarinda, East
Kalimantan. This area is in the northern city of Samarinda and the Kutei Basin is included in the Tertiary
sedimentary basins. Outcrops of the Balikpapan Formation are exposed in the Batu Besaung, in the
northern city of Samarinda. Sandstones in the Balikpapan Formation were investigated as reservoir rocks
for hydrocarbons within a possible petroleum system. This study combines field observations, sampling
and laboratory analyses. Intercalation of sandstones and carbonaceous shales with limestone interbedded
in parts were observed in the field. Characteristics of these sandstones were analyzed and showed good
porosity and permeability potential as a hydrocarbon reservoir based on petrography analyses.
Mineralogy, lithological association and sedimentary structures indicate that this area is a shallow marine
deposit and deltaic deposit.
This paper provides detailed petrographic and facies descriptions which show the Balikpapan Formation
has potential to be a reasonable hydrocarbon reservoir.

keyword : Outcrop, Depositional Environment, Balikpapan Formation, Reservoir.

INTRODUCTION

Batu Besaung is located in the North Samarinda Subdistrict, Samarinda City, East Borneo and it is
located in the geological map Samarinda sheet (Figure 1). The outcrop that are exposed in the area are the
Balikpapan formation. The Balikpapan formation is a flysch sediment of deltaic deposit (Figure 2).

The aim of this paper is to expand on the description of facies depositional environments, based on
sediment characteristics including lithology, sedimentary structure and micro-foram content. Outcrop
observation is the primary data used for microforams and petrographical analyses. It provides key
information concerning development of Balikpapan Formation sediment as the response to environment
influences and as a potential hydrocarbon reservoir.
The research area generally covers the carbonate rocks postrift Formation Bebuluh in oligo-early Miocene
as well as siliciclastic deltaic syninversion of Pulaubalang and Balikpapan formations of middle Miocene
age (Supriatna et al, 1995; Chambers and Daley, 1995)

METHOD

This study is subdivided into four steps: field survey, laboratory analyses, data interpretation and
reporting. Measured stratigraphic section, as the field survey, was performed to construct a lithological
composite including bed thickness and detailed lithologic descriptions. Complete lateral and vertical
distribution of the Balikpapan Formation and Pulau Balang Formation in the study area are scrutinized to
explain the depositional environment. Laboratory analyses was conducted for microscopic thin section
petrographical components. Field survey results and laboratory data was analyzed to determine facies and
porosity type as a potential hydrocarbon reservoir.

RESULT
The facies exposures were investigated at three measured sections (Figure.3).
Facies in this section consist of tidal flat and submarine fan. Lithological association of upper bed is
thinning upward interlaminated sandstone and shalestone, but the lower bed is coarsening upward
interlaminated sandstone and shalestone with greywacke and carbonaceous shale. The sedimentary
structures in this area contain parallel lamination, lenticular and Massive.

Petrography Commented [AR1]: What is the petrography result

telling you in term of facies and quality? Where is you
Sandstone petrography identified that the colors are brown light (//nikol) and brown (x nikol) with thin section taken from your whole section? Is this
represent all of your Balikpapan Formation?
constituent mineral are quartz 50%, biotite 5%, orthoclase 25%, glass 20%. Characteristics of the grains
are medium sand, sub rounded - angular, bad sorted and porosity of 39.05% (Figure 4).

RESERVOIR POTENTIAL

Reservoir rock should have good porosity and reasonable thicknesses. These elements are present in the Commented [AR2]: Never mentioned before about
Balikpapan Formation. Based on petrographic analysis and rock physical property, the porosity of the reservoir thickness Where is the information come
sandstone is 39.05 % and limestone is 12.77%. Both of which are far more reasonable for reservoirs, from.
because there is also a secondary type of porosity, thus making pretty good permeability. The observed Commented [AR3]: Do you have evident for this
thickness from the stratigraphic column of sandstone A is 6.6 meter and limestone is 5 meters both of information? Please describe/elaborate more
which are more likely to be attractive target reservoirs. From the lack of cement and the lower levels of Commented [AR4]: Where is the secondary porosity
clay minerals clogging the pores, the permeability of Sandstones and Limestone should have reasonable occur? what caused that? What is the impact?
permeability for fluid movement.

CONCLUSION

Outcrops of the Balikpapan Formation in Batu Besaung consist of several facies, namely sandstone and
shalestone, with greywacke and carbonaceous shale. The facies are representative of a shallow marine
environment. The research resulted in identification and description of a potential hydrocarbon reservoir
in the Balikpapan Formation from the outcrops. The use of petrographic analysis and rock physical
property clearly showed sufficient porosity for a typical reservoir rock. It was noted that the Sandstone
and Limestone were more attractive reservoir targets to be investigated. The authors recommend, within
the next exploration phase, to determine or assess the Source and Seal rocks potential in the region to
make better statements of the potential Petroleum System.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors gratefully acknowledge to our lecturers Koeshadi Sasmito, S.T., M.T. and Hamzah Umar,
S.T., M.T. for their support and encouragement. The authors would like to extend their thanks to the
organizing committee for the chance to present this study at the IPA 41st Convex, 17-19 May, 2017.

REFERENCES Commented [AR5]: None of these reference

mentioned on your paper.
Chambers, J.L.C. and Daley, T. 1995. A tectonic model for the onshore Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan,
based on an integrated geological and geophysical interpretation. Indonesian Petroleum Association,
Proceddings 24th annual convention, Jakarta, 1995, I, 111-130.

Supriatna. et al. 1995. Geological Map of Samarinda Sheet. Geological Research and Development
Center, Bandung.

Tucker, M. 1986. The field Description of Sedimentary Rocks. Open University Press & Halsted Press,
New York, Toronto.

Van Bemmelen, R, W. 1949. The Geology of Indonesia, Vol IA. The Hague Martinus Nijhoff,
Netherland.

Visher, G. S. 1983. Stratigraphic Controls For Hydrocarbon Accumulations. Oil and Gas Consultants
International, Inc. 4554 South Harvard Tulsa, Oklahoma 74135 U.S.A.
 (a) Commented [AR6]: Change LOKASI
PENGAMATAN ->
Location Study

(b)

Figure 1 (a) Research area, (b) Geological map Samarinda sheet Commented [AR7]: Where is your MS/outcrop
section track?
Need a better clear readable map
Need legend
Add picture border
Figure 2 Batu Besaung outcrop Commented [AR8]: Picture border
Index map?

Figure 3 - Outcrops and Stratigraphic Column of a Section in Batu Besaung
Commented [AR9]: Hard to read in A4 size paper
Please translate to English
You can split this into 4-5 pages to describe each
outcrop and facies/depositional/reservoir quality
conclusion
Figure 4 - Sandstone Petrography from Batu Besaung Outcrop Commented [AR10]: Put some notes/annotation:
-What is red
-What is white
-What is brown
-What is black
-Where is the porosity?