Lecture Notes:

Roman Republic

Political and social unrest led to civil wars,

which ultimately ended the Republic
Senate and political figures increasingly
controlled by the wealthy
Aristocrats were a small minority
Violence ensued when land reforms were proposed
Army under Marius began to recruit in new ways
Recruited volunteers from those who had no
property, but promised them land
Swore an oath to the general and not the state
Army not under governmental controls
Civil war broke out
Triumvirate formed:Crassus, Pompey, and Julius
Caesar
Government by three with equal power
Eventually, Caesar became dictator with absolute
power in 45 B.C.