I.

Line Graph Outline

Introduction:
- Ch cn 1 cu
- Khng cn thay th tn gi ca biu
- Thay t ng ngha v thm cm t v hi
- Gii thch thm chi tit nu nh bi s lc qu
V d:
cho: The two pie charts below show some employment patterns in Great Britain in 1992
- Thay show = provide information on/illustrate/describe/indicate/reveal/represent
- Cu bi cho ngn nn nhn vo biu m t thm chi tit kiu nh chia theo gii
tnh hay ngh nghip hay
Ta c phn m u The charts provide information on the proportion of males and females in
employment in 6 broad categories, divided into manual and non-manual occupations.

Overview: (Tng quan)

u tin nu xu hng chung ca tt c cc i tng trong biu , hoc nu khng tm c xu
hng chung tp trung vo 1 ci g ni bt nht (v d: ni 1 cu v ci thp nht hoc cao
nht, vt tri hn hn so vi cc i tng cn li)
Cc cm t hu ch
It is clear from the graph/table that.
It can be seen from the graph/table that.
As the graph/table shows/indicates,
As can be seen from the graph/table,
As is shown/described by the graph/table,
From the graph/table, it is clear that

2 Blocks: Key comparisons & contrast- chia thnh 2 on

Mt s cm t thng dng:
Since then/ever since: t cui cu
Eg: The ratio reached a peak at 80 per cent in 1979 and started to fall since then/ever since.
T l chm mc nh 80% vo nm 1979 v bt u gim k t .
Be expected/forecasted/projected/anticipated: c d on/d bo
Eg: It is expected that the number of tourists to Vietnam would double next year.
The number of tourists to Vietnam is anticipated to double next year.
Sth +score/strike/achieve/have+ an impressive rise/increase: c mc tng trng n tng
Gather pace: ly
Lose momentum: mt
- Din t ci g ng u v ni bt hn hn nhng ci khc
Sth topped the list of ., far exceeding . Which were and respectively.
- Ngoi tr mt vi ch gim nh th xu hng chung l tng
Except a slight dip from to , sth kept increasing over time
- Tng gim tht thng: experience some fluctuations
- t mc khng i: reaching a (predicted) plateau at bao nhiu
- Tn dng cc cu phc while, which, after, before
While A chim t l nh nht, B li chim t l t nht,
A dn u vi n v vo nm , which gp i/gp ba hay bao nhiu ln g cao
hn ci th 2.

1. Decrease
Decrease (v) Go down Decline (v)
Fall (v) Drop (v) Plunge/Plummet (v) gim
mnh
Halve (v) gim mt na Diminish (v) Dwindle (v) suy yu, gim
dn
Reduce (v) Plateau (v)
2. Increase
Rise Go up Grow
Double/triple/quadruple Expand Soar
escalate Peak/reach a peak Twofold/threefold: 2 ln/3 ln
3. Constant
Remain constant (formal), stay the same, remain unchanged, level off/out, Stabilize, reach a
period of stability
4. Mc
Mnh: Dramatic, signigicant, sharp, considerable, steep
Nh: slight, insignificant, modest, gradual
5. Dao ng
Fluctuate between... and...
Fluctuate around
6. The chart/table..
 Show/demonstrate/illustrate/indicate/describe/
7. Pie chart
T l: ratio, percentage, proportion, share, percent
A ... percentage of.... was held by ....
Something accounts for/holds/represents+ .... percent
Tnh t i cng t l
A large/small proportion
A major/minor share
A significant/ insignificant percentage
A high/low ratio

T l : ratio, percentage proportion, share

T l trong ting anh l danh t m c nn:
C th dung vi qun t s t (a/an/the)
Dng dng s nhiu (thm s hoc es)

ng t chim/nm gi t l: hold, represent, account for + percent

Tnh t i vi t l
A large/small proportion
A major/minor share
A significant/insignificant percentage
 A high/low ratio

Tnh hung 2: Bao nhiu phn tram ca A tham gia vo vic g .

X percent of A did sth
a dng cch din t bng so snh t l
X per cent of A did sth, which was much higher/lower than that of B which/who did the same
(Y%)
56.3% of girls passed Computer Science, which was much higher than that of boys who
passed the same subject (42.1%)
56.3% of girls passed Computer Science, which exceeded that of boys who passed the
same subject by more than 10 per cent.
56.3% of girls passed Computer Science, which was more than 10% higher than that of
boys.
1 in 10/half/ a quarter of/a third of .. (thay v dng %, dng cch ni phn s)