Varshney, R.S., Gupta, S.C., Gupta, R.L.

, Theory and Design of

Irrigation Structure. N.C. Jain, at Roorkee press, Roorkee, India,
1982.
Garg, S.K., Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures,
Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 1976.
Abdulkadir, S. Z., Mero, S.K., Yaseen, D.S. Design of Barrage on
a Proposed River, 4th Year Graduation Project, 2008.

Page 2
In addition to the weir proper, head works consist of the following
components,
Undersluices.
Canal head regulator.
Divide wall or groyne.
Fish ladder.
Piers and abutments.
Protection works.
River training wall.

Page 3
These are gates controlled openings in the weir with crest at low
level. They are located on the same side as off-take canal. If two
canal take off on either side of the river, it would be necessary to
provide undersluices on either side.

Page 4
Functions of undersluices
To preserve a clear and defined river channel approaching the
canal regulator.
To scour silt deposited in front of canal regulator and control silt
entry in the canal.
To facilitate working of weir crest shutters or gates. The flood
can easily pass.
To lower the highest flood level.

Page 5
Discharge Capacity of undersluices is provided of the following:
i.Qu = 2 (Qmax.)offtake
ii.Qu = 20% (Qmax.)flood

Page 6
A canal head regulator is to serve the following functions:
Regulate the supply of water in the canal.
Control the entry of silt in the canal.

Page 7
The head regulator is normally aligned between 90 - 120 in respect
to the axis of the weir. The regulation done by means of gates, steel
gates of spans ranging between (8 m-12 m) are used and operated by
electric winches.

Height of gates = pond level - crest level

To check flood water entering the canal a

breast wall between pond level and high
flood level (H.F.L). Unless H.F.L - pond
level is nominal, breast wall is usually
more economical than high gates.

Page 8
If silt excluder is provided, it is necessary to further raise the crest of
head regulator by minimum of 0.75 m. To calculate the discharge, the
drowned weir formula can be used:
2 2 2
= 1 2 + 3 3 + 2 2 +
3
where:
C1=0.577, C2=0.8
H=difference of u.s and d.s water levels.
L=clear length of waterway.
d=depth of d.s water level above the crest.
ha=head due to velocity of approach.

Page 9
 In case of the waterway (L) worked out more than width of the
canal, the crest level so adjusted as to keep (L) equal to the width of
the canal.
In exceptional cases waterway more than canal width may be
provided with a flared wall in the d.s of the regulator to join the
canal width.
Note that, the most critical condition of uplift occurs when high
flood level is passed down the weir and there is no flow in canal.

Page 10
It is a wall located between weir and undersluices extending a little
u.s of canal regulator, and d.s up to end of loose protection of the
undersluices. It is a concrete or masonry structure, with top width
(t)=(l.5-3)m, and aligned at right angle to the weir axis.

Page 11
The functions of divide walls are
To separate the floor of scouring sluices which is at lower
level than the weir proper.
To isolated the pockets u.s of the canal head regulator to
facilitate scouring operation.
To prevent formations of cross currents to a void their
damaging effects. Additional divide walls are sometimes
provided for this purpose.

Page 12
 The divide walls are costly structures.
These walls are likely to be subjected to maximum differential
pressure when the full discharge of the river is passing through the
weir, (there will be difference in water level on the two sides ).
Also there may exit difference in silt pressure on the two side . The
values of differential pressure are taken arbitrarily say 1.0 m for
water heads and about 2.0 m for silt pressure (see Fig. (5)).

Page 13
Fish ladder or fish passes are generally provided to
enable the fish to ascend the head waters of the river and
thus reach their spawning grounds for propagation or to
follow their migratory habits in search of food.

Page 14
The general requirements of a fish ladder are:
The slope of the fish ladder should not be steeper than 1:10 (i.e
velocity not exceeding 2 m/s in any portion of the fish-way).
The compartments of bays of the pass must be such dimensions that
the fish do not risk collision with the sides and upper end of each
bay when ascending.

Page 15
The general requirements of a fish ladder are (Continued)
Plenty of light should be admitted in the fish-way.
The water supply should be ample at all times.
The top and sides of a fish-way should be above ordinary high
water level.(see fig.(6)).

Page 16
In barrages piers are provided at an interval of 10 to 20 m. The piers
support bridge decking, and working platform for the operation of
gates. Cutwaters are usually simple in shape and the side face of piers
is often vertical. Tapering if done, does not exceed 1/50 to 1/40. Piers
should be provided with separate foundation (see Fig. (5)).

Page 17
 In case, however, when raft is provided the piers may be
constructed monolith with floor.
Abutments are usually gravity section and founded on well packed
closely in either direction. Perhaps in case of higher abutments a
better alternative is to provide a counter fort type structure on open
foundation.

Page 18
The sediment transporting capacity of water depends mainly on the
discharge, slope and grade of material. As a result of putting
obstruction across the river in form of weir, the river regime will be
affected in the following sequence:

Page 19
 A weir will pond up water leading to the flattening of water surface
slope for some distance on the up-stream side.
River would drop a part of its sediment load resulting in the
formation of shoals in the pond.
Clear water passes over the weir; this water scours the bed river to
make up deficiency in its silt load and causes a progressive
lowering or retrogression of downstream level.

Page 20
 The progressive silting a formation of shoals in the u.s increases the
resistance to flow of water to recover this resistance increase head is
required.
The overall effect of a weir is to take away the excess energy due to
steep gradient by localizing it and ultimately dissipating it.

Page 21
The causes of failures may classify into:
Failure due to seepage or subsurface flow.
Failure due to surface flow.

Page 22
Subsurface flow endangers the stability of a weir in the following
two ways:
Piping or floatation.
Uplift pressure.
The surface flow endangers the weir in the following two ways:
Unbalanced head due to standing wave (i.e. due to formation of
the jump very high unbalanced pressures are developed in the
trough).
Scour in the upstream and downstream.(this occurs in the bed of
alluvial rivers at flood).

Page 23
The design of weir and barrage like any hydraulic structure,
consist of many phases. The two main phases are
The hydraulic design (evaluation hydraulic forces acting on the
structure).
The structural design (dimensioning of the various part of the
structure to enable it to resist safely all the forces acting on it).

Page 24
The problem involved in the hydraulic design of weir and barrage on
permeable foundation may be treated under the following:
Sub soil flow, and
Surface flow.

Page 25
Page 26
a) Crest level of a barrage is fixed on the consolidation of existing
river bed level, at the proposed site.
b) The undersluices crest is usually kept as near the bed level in the
deepest channel as is practically possible.
The barrage bay crest is kept slightly higher and at about the general
bed level in the remaining portion of the river.
The undersluice crest is kept lower to attract a deep current in front
of the regulators, so that the dry weather current may remain near
the regulator.

Page 27
 Note that afflux and discharge per meter are related to crest levels.
So lower crest levels, result in lesser afflux, but higher discharge
per meter. Low set barrage with increase depth of water over crest
may result in an increased height of gates, thickness of floor, and
cost of superstructure above floor level.

Page 28
It's necessary to check that the maximum. Flood discharge passes
down the works without exceeding the afflux.
The following discharge formulas may be used for this purpose:
a) For broad crested weir:

= 1.705 0.1 3 2

b) For sharp crested weir:

= 1.84 0.1 3 2

where:
L= total clear waterway (m)
n= number of end contractions
H= the head over crest in (m)
Page 29
Afflux actually denotes loss of head and its magnitude is represented
by the difference in total energy level on upstream and the
downstream of the works. Afflux is generally limited to 1 meter, but
may be kept higher if permissible.
To adopt for waterway is given by the following formula representing
Lacey's wetted perimeter,
= 4.83
where:
P= Lacey's wetted perimeter, and
Q= Maximum flood discharge.

Page 30
In boulder reaches of the river it would be economical to reduce the
waterway to about (0.6 - 0.8) time Lacey's waterway. In plains where
the silt factor is in the neighborhood of unity it is generally
economical to keep the waterway (1.0 - 1.2) times the Lacey's
waterway. Generally the shorter waterway is preferable.

Page 31
1. Maximum flood discharge "Q

2. Stage discharge curve of the river at barrage.

3. Minimum water level.

Page 32
4. Cross section of the river at barrage site the following have to be
decided:
Lacey's silt factor (f) this is determined from the equation:
= 1.76
Length of waterway, discharge per meter and afflux.
Safe exit gradient.
Depth of sheet piles:
Scour depth.
Exit gradient.

Page 33
5. Level and length of horizontal part of d.s. impervious floor in
coordination with hydraulic jump.
6. Thickness of d.s. impervious floor.
with reference to uplift pressure.
with reference to hydraulic jump or standing wave.
7. Length and thickness of protection works beyond pucca floor u.s.
and d.s.

Page 34
Page 35
Determine head loss (HL) for different flow condition.

HL = afflux (if there is no retrogression)*

If allowance for retrogression is taken in d.s bed level then,

HL = afflux + retrogression, usually, 0.5 m retrogression will be

sufficient in most cases.

* Retrogression is lowering d.s bed caused by water scour

Page 36
For known values of q and HL find Ef2 from blench curve (from
Blench curves (Next slide)).
With known values of Ef2 read corresponding values of D2.
Cistern Level = D.S.T.E.L Ef2
Ef2 = down stream specific energy.
D2 = post jump corresponding to Ef2
Ef1 = Upstream specific energy.
D1 = per jump depth corresponding to Ef1

Page 37
Page 38
 Ef1 = Ef2 + HL
Knowing Ef1 , Ef2 & q read values of D1 and D2 from Fig. 10 (next
slide), energy of flow curves.
Provide minimum cistern length = 5(D2D1).
= 6(D2D1).

Page 39
Page 40
Determine scour depth from the formula
2 1 3

= 1.35

Depth of u.s. sheet pile =(11.25)R

Depth of d.s. sheet pile =(1.251.5)R

Page 41
 1
Work out the value from equation:

1
= G.E. (for given GE.)

1
GE =h/d.

=[(21)1]
b=

Page 42
Provide total length of floor =
Disposition of total floor length may be as follows
1. Cistern length = 5(D2D1) to 6(D2D1)
2. Glacis length = 3 to 5 times (crest level cistern level)
For 3:1 to 5:1 slope of glacis
3. Upstream floor = the balance.

Page 43
Find u.s pile and d.s pile % pressure; the pressure distribution
assumed to be linear; used Khoslas method; correct due to floor
thickness, interference of sheet pile and slope.

Page 44
Page 45

Plotting water profile before and after the jump formation (Fr= )
1

The intercept between the profile of hydraulic jump and the gradient
gives the unbalance dynamic head. The floor thickness is, however,
designed for the max. unbalance head in jump through.
Floor thickness = H/(G1)
where:
H = max static head or max. unbalance head.
(use the greater head of the two)

Page 46
The protection works are now designed in respect to the scour depth.

Page 47
Page 48
A barrage is to be constructed on Tigris River having high flood
discharge 8500 cumecs. The relevant data are as follows:
Average bed level of river 100 m
High flood level 105.75 m
Normal pond level 103.5 m
Permissible afflux 1m
Lacey silt factor 1m
Safe exit gradient for bed material 1/6
Concentration 20
Bed retrogression 0.5
Pier contraction coefficient 0.1 m
Page 49
Design a suitable regulator with reference of the barrage with the
following data:

1. Full supply discharge of off-take canal =220 cumecs

2. full supply level of canal =102 m
3. water depth in canal =3.5m
4. bed level of canal =98.5 m
5. angel of off take canal =115
6. safe exit gradient =1/6
7. side slopes =2H:1V

Page 50
-Crest of under sluice is to be provided at bed level of the river = 100 m
-Crest level of other barrage is to be (1.25)m higher than under sluice
crest = 100+1.25=101.25 m
-Minimum water way = 4.83 . from Lacey new edition using factor
(4.75) instead of (4.83) but the factor (4.83) is used for more safe.
= 4.83

= 4.83 8500
= 445.3

Page 51
-Assume water way is as follows:
Under sluice water way:
- 5 bays (13 m) each =65m
- 4 piers(2.5m) each =10m
Total under sluice =75m
Other barrage water way
- 30 bays (10m) each =300m
- 29 piers(2m) each =58m
- Total other barrage =358m
- Divide wall thickness =3m
Total water way = 75+358+3=436m
Page 52
Page 53
D.S.H.F.L =105.75 m
U.S.H.F.L =D.S.H.F.L + Afflux
=105.75+1=106.75 m
q =Q/B =8500/436=19.5 cumec /m
1 3 1 3
2 9/52
= 1.35 = 1.35 = 9.78
1

19.5
V= = = 1.99 m/sec
9.78

Velocity head =V/2g =1.99/2(9.81) =0.2 m

U.S.T.E.L =106.75+0.2 = 106.95 m

Page 54
Head over under sluice crest =106.95-100 = 6.95 m
Head over other barrage crest =106.95-101.25=5.7 m
Qunder sluice = 1.705(L-0.1nH) H3/2
=1.705(65-0.186.95)(6.95)3/2
=1856.87 m/sec
Qother barrage =1.84(L-0.1 nH) H3/2
=1.84(300-0.1585.7) 5.73/2
=6684.1 m/sec
Qtotal 1856.87 + 6684.1 = 8540.98 m/sec >8500 m/sec
OK

Page 55
2.2.1 High flood condition
I. For high flood without concentration and retrogression
q =C H3/2 =1.705(6.95)3/2=31.24 cumec/m
D.S.H.F.L= 105.75 m
U.S.H.F.L= 106.75 m
U.S.T.E.L= 106.95 m
D.S.T.E.L=105.95 m
HL = U.S.T.E.L-D.S.T.E.L
=106.95- 105.95 = 1 m

Page 56
II. For high flood with 20% concentration and 0.5 m bed
retrogression
q =1.231.24 = 37.488 cumec/m
q =C H3/2
37.488 2/3
H=( )2/3 =( ) =7.848 m
1.705

U.S.T.E.L= 100+7.848 = 107 .848 m

D.S.H.F.L with 0.5 retrogression = 105.25 m
D.S.T.E.L=105.25+0.2 = 105.45 m
HL= 107.848- 105.45 = 2.398 m

Page 57
2.2.1.2 Flow at pond level
. without concentration and retrogression
Head over under sluice crest = 103.5-100 =3.5 m
Head over other barrage crest = 103.5-101.25 =2.25 m
Q =1.705(65-0.183.53.53/2 +1.84(300-0.1582.25) 2.253/2
= 694.41 + 1781.959 = 2476.369 m/sec
2476.369
q= = =5.68 m/sec/m
436

Page 58
Page 59
 1/3
R=1.35( ) = 4.297 m


V= =1.32 m/sec


hv = =0.089 m
2

U.S.T.E.L =103.5+ 0.089 = 103.59 m

D.S water level when flood discharge of 2476.369 m/sec is passing
= 102.7 m

Page 60
From stage discharge curve Fig .8

D.S.T.E.L =102.7 + 0.089 = 102.789 m

q between piers = C H3/2
= 1.705(3.5) 3/2= 11.164 m/sec/m
HL = 103.59- 102.789 = 0.801 m
Page 61
II. with 20% concentration and 0.5 m retrogression
q = 1.211.164 = 13.3968 cumec/m
13.3968 2/3
head for this intensity =( ) =3.9523 m
1.705

U.S.T.E.L =100+3.9523 = 103.9523 m

D.S.W.L with 0.5 m retrogression
= 102.7-0.5 =102.289 m
D.S.T.E.L = 102.2 + 0.089 =102.289 m
HL = 103.9523-102.289 = 1.663 m

Page 62
2.2.2 Hydraulic jump calculations
High Flood Pond Flow
With Without With
No. Item Without
retrogression retrogression retrogression
retrogression
and and and
and concentration
concentration concentration concentration
1 Discharge q 31.24 37.488 11.16 13.39
2 D.S.W.L 105.75 105.25 102.7 102.2
3 U.S.W.L 106.75 106.75 103.5 103.5
4 D.S.T.E.L 105.95 105.45 102.79 102.29
5 U.S.T.E.L 106.95 107.85 103.59 103.95
6 HL 1 2.40 0.80 1.663
7 Ef2 8 9.75 4.20 5.07
8 Ef1=Ef2+HL 9 12.15 5.00 6.733
9 Level at which
97.95 95.70 98.59 97.22
jump occurs
10 D1 2.81 2.70 1.25 1.25
11 D2 6.85 8.63 3.71 4.51
12 Length of floor
20.2 29.68 12.3 16.3
5(D2-D1)
13 63
Page F= 2.117 2.70 2.55 3.06

2.2.2 Hydraulic jump calculations
Provide the D.S floor at elevation 95.65 m with horizontal length of
32 m

Page 64
Table (2):the water surface profile u.s of the jump

U.S.T.E.L = 107.848 m U.S.T.E.L=103.952 m

q= 37.488 cumec/m q=13.396 cumec/m
Distance
from u.s R .L of
end of glacis High flood Pond flow
crest
D1 D1
Ef1=U.S.T.E.L- Ef1=U.S.T.E.L-
R.L of glacis R.L of glacis

3.00 99.00 8.848 3.76 4.952 1.75

4.23 98.59 9.259 3.50 5.363 1.70
6.00 98.00 9.848 3.31 5.952 1.45
6.15 97.95 9.898 3.25 6.002 1.40
8.34 97.22 10.629 3.10 6.733 1.35
9.00 97.00 10.848 3.00 6.952 1.30
12.00 96.00 11.848 2.76 7.952 1.15
12.90 95.70 12.148 2.60 8.252 1.10
Page 65
Page 66
 Table (3): the water surface profile d.s the jump

High Flood Condition Pond Flow Condition

SL Fr=2.698, Fr=7.279, D1=2.7 m Fr=3.061, Fr=9.37, D1=1.25 m
No .
1 X Y X Y

1 1 1.3 2.7 3.51 1.3 1.25 1.625
2 2 1.70 5.4 4.6 1.70 2.5 2.125
3 4 2.40 10.8 6.48 2.40 5.0 3.00
4 6 2.7 16.2 7.28 2.75 7.5 3.44
5 8 2.9 21.6 7.83 3.10 10.0 3.875
6 10 3.09 27 8.34 3.40 12.5 4.25
7 11.88 3.21 32 8.66 3.6 14.8 4.50
8 12 3.65 15.0 4.56
9 14 3.85 17.5 4.81
10 16 3.90 20.0 4.88
11 18 3.95 22.5 4.94
12 20 4.00 25 5.00
13 22 4.00 27.5 5.00
14 24 4.00 30 5.00
15 25.6 4.00 32 5.00
Page 67
16 26.4 4.00 33 5.00
Page 68
2.2.3 Depth of sheet pile lines from scour condition
. Depth of scour
Total discharge passing through under sluice =1856.87 cumec
Under sluice over all water way = 75 m
1856.87
q =average discharge = =24.758 m/sec
75

R (depth of scour) = 1.35(

) 1/3 = 11.468 m

Page 69
II. U.S sheet pile
On the U.S side allow 1.1R = 1.1 11.468
= 12.615 m
R.L of bottom of scour hole =106.75-12.615 = 94.135 m
Provide sheet pile line at elevation 94 m
Depth of U.S sheet pile = 100-94 = 6 m

Page 70
III. D.S sheet pile
On D.S sheet pile allow 1.25 R
= 1.2511.468 = 14.34 m
R.L of bottom of scour hole =105.25-14.34 =90.91 m
Provide D.S sheet pile line at elevation 90 m
D.S sheet pile depth = 95.65 - 90 = 5.65 m

Page 71
2.2.4. Total floor length and exit gradient:
1
Safe exit gradient =
6

Maximum static head =103.5 95.65 =7.85 m

Depth of D.S sheet pile = 95.65 90.0 = 5.65 m
1 1 7.85 1
= , =
6 5.65

=7.704, = [ 2 1 2 1]=13.0437

Page 72
b =
b = 13.0437 5.65 = 73.697 m
provide D.S sheet pile = 6 m
= 6.243, = 11.44
b = 6.243 11.44 = 68.64 m
provide total floor length = 69 m
provide D.S sheet pile line at elevation 89.65 m

Page 73
Floor length should be distributed as following:
D.S horizontal floor =32 m
D.S glacis length =3(100- 95.65) =13.05 m
The balance should be provided as U.S floor = 23.95 m
Total length = 69 m

Page 74
Assume U.S floor thickness 1.0 m and D.S floor thickness 1.5 m
I. Upstream pile line:
d =100 94 = 6 m
1 6
= = =0.084
69

1 = 100% % , = 18%
1 = 82%

1 = 100% % , = 27%
1 = 73%

Page 75
Correction of Thickness:

Ct = (1 1 )

1
= (82%-73%) = 1.5%
6

Page 76
Correction of Interference of Piles:
D =(100 1) 89.65 = 9.35 m
d =(100 - 1) - 94 =5 m
b'=69 0.5 0.5 =68 m
:
cp =19 ( )

9.35 9.35:5
=19 ( )
68 69

= 1.465

Corrected 1 =73% +1.5% +1.465% =75.965%

Page 77
II. D.S pile line
Depth of d.s sheet pile = 6 m
1 6
= = =0.08695~ 0.087
69

= 27 , = 18
Correction of thickness:

ct = - ( )

1.5
=- ( 27 18 ) = - 2.25
6

Page 78
Correction of interference:
d =(95.65 1.5 ) 89.65 =4.5 m
D =(95.65 1.5 ) 94 =0.15 m
0.15 0.15:4.5
Cp = - 19 ( )= - 0.06
68 69

Correction of = 27 2.25 0.06 =24.69

Page 79
condition D.S U.S Of sub Soil H. G line above datum
water water
level level H U.S Pile line D.S Pile line
datum datum 1 1
(m) (m) 100 82 75.965 24.69 18 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No flow 7.85 6.437 5.963 1.938 1.413 0
maximu 95.65 103.5 7.85
m static
head 103.5 102.087 101.613 97.582 97.063 95.65
High 1.5 1.23 1.14 0.3704 0.27 0
Flood 105.25 106.75 1.5

106.75 106.48 106.39 105.620 105.52 105.25

Flow at 1.211 0.9930 0.9199 0.2990 0.2180 0
pond 102.289 103.5 1.211
level
103.5 103.282 103.210 102.588 102.507 102.289

Page 80
 1. down stream floor thickness :
Distance Static head Dynamic Minimum Provided
from D.S head thickness thickness
end (m) (m) from
calculation
3 2.0860 2 1.68 1.70
1.6* =1.067
3
6 2.2636 1.33 1.83 1.90
9 2.4411 1.467 1.97 2.00
12 2.6187 1.87 2.11 2.2
15 2.7963 2 2.26 2.40
18 2.9738 2.267 2.40 2.5
21 3.1514 2.67 2.54 2.70
24 3.3290 3.267 2.68 2.80
27 3.5066 4.0 3.22 3.3
30 3.6841 4.867 3.92 4.0
Page 81
32 3.8025 5.13 4.13 4.2
 Provide 4.0 m of floor thickness extend by 3 m inside beyond the
toe of glacis.
2.U.S floor thickness:
The floor thickness is required however minimum thickness of 1m
shall be provided.

Page 82
. Upstream protection
a) Block protection
R = 11.467 m
Provide 1.5 R = 1.511.467 =17.20 m
R.L of bottom of scour hole =106.75 17.2 =89.55 m
Scour depth below U.S floor = 100 89.55 = 10.45 m say 11 m
Volume of block = D m/m = 11m/m
Provide 1.6m 1.6m 1.0m c/c block
over 0.4 m thick graded filter.
11
Length = = 7.857 m
1:0.4

Page 83
Provide 5 row of c/c block in a length of 8 m
. Upstream protection (continued)
b) Launching apron
provide 2.25 D m/m
= 2.25 * 11 =24.75 m/m
24.75
Length = = 17.67857 m
1.4

Provide launching apron of a length of 18 m and 1.4 m thickness.

Page 84
II. Down stream protection
Anticipated scour depth = 2 R
= 2 11.467 = 22.934 m
R.L of bottom scour hole = 105.25 22.934 = 82.316 m
Depth of scour hole below D.S floor = 95.65 82.316
= 13.334 m
Say 13.4 m

Page 85
II. Down stream protection (continued)
a) Block protection
Length = 1.0 D = 1.0 13.4 = 13.4 m
Provide 1.6 1.6 1.0 c/c block with 10 cm gaps filled with
bajri over 1.0 m thick graded filter .
No. of rows required =13.4/(1+1) = 6.7 m
Provide 7 rows of blocks in a length of 11.9 m

Page 86
II. Down stream protection (continued)
b) Launching apron
Thickness of launching apron = 2.0 m
2.2513.4
Length of launching apron = =15.0075 m
2

Provide 20 m length of launching apron in the downstream.

Page 87
Page 88
Page 89
I) High flood level
i) Without concentration and retrogression
U.S.W.L = 105.75 + 1 = 106.75 m
U.S.T.E.L = 106.75 + 0.2 = 106.95 m
Head over other barrage crest = 106.95 101.25 = 5.7 m
q =C.H3/2 = 1.84 (5.7)3/2 =25.04 m
D.S.W.L = 105.75 m
D.S.T.E.L =105.75 + 0.2 = 105.95 m
HL = 106.95 105.95 = 1 m

Page 90
I) High flood level
ii) with 20 concentration and 0.5 m retrogression
q =1.2 25.04 = 30.048 cumecs/m
30.048 2/3
H =( )2/3 =( ) = 6.43673 m
1.84

U.S.T.E.L 101.25 + 6.437 =107.687 m

D.S.W.L 105.75 0.5 = 105.25 m
D.S.T.E.L 105.25 +0.2 = 105.45 m
HL = 107.687 105.45 =2.237 m

Page 91
II. Pond flow condition
i)With out concentration and retrogression:
head over under sluice crest = 103.5 100 = 3.5 m
head over other barrage crest = 103.5 101.25 = 2.25 m
Q =1.705 (65 0.1 8 3.5 ) 3.5
+ 1.84 (300 0.1 58 2.25) 2.253/2
= 694.41 + 1781.9595 =2476.369 cumecs
2476.369
q = = 5.679 m/sec ~ 5.68
436

Page 92
 i)With out concentration and retrogression (continued):
5.68 1/3
R= 1.35 ( ) = 4.297
1
5.68
V = = =1.32 m/sec
4.297

hv = =0.089 m
2

Page 93
 i)With out concentration and retrogression (continued):
U.S.T.E.L =103.5 +0.089 = 103.589 m
D.S water level when flood discharge of 2476.369 cumecs is
passing =102.7 m ,for stage discharge curve
D.S.T.E.L = 102.7 + 0.089 =102.789 m
HL =103.589 102.789 = 0.80 m
q =1.84 (2.25)^1.5 = 6.21 cumecs/m

Page 94
ii) with 20 concentration and 0.5 retrogression
q = 1.2 * 6.21 = 7.452 cumecs/sec
7.452 2
H=( )^ =2.54 m
1.84 3

U.
S.T.E.L =101.25 + 2.54 = 103.79 m
D.S.W.L = 102.7 0.5 = 102.2 m
D.S.T.E.L =102.2 +0.089 = 102.289 m
HL = 103.79 102.289 = 1.501 m

Page 95
 High Flood Pond Flow
No. Item
Without With Without With
concentration concentration concentration concentration
and and and and
retrogression retrogression retrogression retrogression
1 Discharge q 25.04 30.048 6.21 7.54
2 D.S.W.L 105.75 105.25 102.7 102.2
3 U.S.W.L 106.75 106.75 103.5 103.5
4 D.S.T.E.L 105.95 105.45 102.789 102.289
5 U.S.T.E.L 106.95 107.687 103.589 103.79
6 HL 1 2.237 0.80 1.501
7 Ef2 7.0 8.43 3.0 3.506
8 Ef1 =Ef2+HL 8.0 10.667 3.8 5.007
9 Level at which jump 98.95 97.02 99.778 98.78
occurs
10 D1 2.25 2.28 0.81 0.81
11 D2 6.06 7.45 2.66 3.18
12 Length of floor 19.05 25.85 9.237 11.85
5(D2 - D1)

13 F= 2.369 2.786 2.72 3.302
1

Provide the downstream floor at elevation 96.8 m with horizontal

Page 96 length of 27 m .
 Distance U.S.T.E.L=107.687 q =30.048 U.S.T.E.L= 103.79
from R.L of cumecs/m q =7.54 cumecs / m
U.S end glacis High flood Pond flow
of crest Ef1 =U.S.T.E.L Ef1=U.S.T.E.L
R.L of glacis D1 R.L of glacis D1

0.75 2.79 1.5625

3 100.25 7.437 3.4375 3.54 1.125
3.75 100 7.687 3.218 3.79 1.06
6.0 99.25 8.437 2.844 4.54 0.906
6.75 99 8.687 2.75 4.79 0.84375
9 98.25 9.437 2.560 5.54 0.78125
9.75 98 9.687 2.50
12 97.25 10.437 2.344
12.69 97.02 10.667 2.281

Page 97
Page 98
 Sl
High flood Condition Pond Flow Condition
No. 1
Fr=2.78 Fr=7.76 D1=2.28m Fr=3.302 Fr=10.9 D1=0.81m
X Y X Y
1 1
1 1 1.3 2.28 2.964 1.3 0.81 1.053
2 2 1.67 4.56 3.8070 2.714 1.62 1.39
3 4 2.286 9.12 5.212 2.38 3.24 1.93
4 6 2.71 13.68 6.179 2.86 4.86 2.316
5 8 3.0 18.24 6.84 3.143 6.48 2.546
6 10 3.19 22.8 7.27 3.524 8.1 2.85
7 12 3.286 27.36 7.49 3.62 9.72 2.93
8 12.28 3.3 28 7.524 3.64 9.947 2.95
9 14 3.86 11.34 3.126
10 16 4.0 12.96 3.24
11 18 4.095 14.58 3.317
12 20 4.19 16.2 3.4

Page 99
Page 100
. Depth of scour
Total discharge passing through other barrage
=6684.1 cumecs
Other barrage over all water way =358 m
6684.1
q= = 18.6706 cumecs/m
358

R =1.35( )1/3 = 9.5 m

Page 101
II. U.S sheet pile
Allow 1.1 R = 1.1 9.5 = 10.45 m
R.L of the bottom of scour hole = 106.75 10.45 = 96.3 m
Provide sheet pile lines at elevation 96 m
Depth of U.S sheet pile = 100 96 = 4 m

Page 102
III. D.S sheet pile :
Allow 1.25 R = 1.25 9.5 = 11.675 m
R.L of bottom of scour = 105.25 11.875 = 93.375 m
Provide sheet pile lines at elevation 92 m

Page 103
 1
Safe exit gradient =
6
max. static head = 103.5 96.8 = 6.8 m
Depth of D.S cut off = 96.8 92 = 4.8 m
1
GE =

1 6.8 1
= , = 7.32
6 4.8

= 2 1 2 1 = 13.6
b = = 13.6 4.8 =65.28 m say 66 m
provide floor length = 66 m

Page 104
The floor length is distributed as follows:
down stream horizontal floor =27 m
down stream glacis length = 3(101.25 96.8) = 13.35 m
width of crest = 2 m
Upstream glacis length = 22.4 m
Total floor length = 66 m

Page 105
Assume up stream floor thickness 1.0 m and down stream floor
thickness 1.5 m
. Upstream pile line
d = 100 96 = 4 m
1 4
= = = 0.0606
66

1 = 100 , = 15
= 100 15 = 85
1 = 100 , = 22
= 100 22 = 78

Page 106
Correction of thickness :

Ct = (1 1)

1
= (85 78 ) = 1.75
4

Correction of interference :
:
Cp = 19 ( )
`
7 3:7
= 19 ( ) = 0.945
65 66

Corrected = 78 + 1.75 + 0.945 = 80.695

Page 107
II. Down stream sheet pile lines
1 4.8
= = = 0.0727
66

= 16 , = 24
Correction of thickness :

Ct = - ( )

1.5
=- (24 16) = - 2.5
4.8

Corrected = 24 2.5 = 21.5

Correction of interference:
There is no correction of pile interference .
Page 108
 D.S U.S Height/Elevation of sub soil H.G. line above datum
water water U.S Pile Line D.S Pile Line
Condition
level level H
datum datum
(m) (m) 100 85 80.695 21.5 16 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No flow
5.695 5.4065 1.4405 1.072 0
max.
static 96.8 103.5 6.7 6.7
102.495 102.2065 98.2405 97.872 96.8
head
1.275 1.21 0.3225 0.24 0
High
Flood 105.25 106.75 1.5 1.5
106.525 106.46 105.5725 105.49 105.25
Flow at 1.105 1.049 0.2795 0.208 0
pond
102.2 103.5 1.3 1.3
level 103.305 103.249 102.4795 102.408 102.2

Page 109