MU-MIMO is controlled by the UlVmimoSwitch option of the CellAlgoSwitch.UlSchSwitch parameter.

You can select TM2, TM3, TM4, TM6 as a fixed MIMO transmission mode for all UEs served by an eNodeB by setting
the CellMimoParaCfg.FixedMimoMode parameter.

You can also allow the eNodeB to adaptively select MIMO transmission modes for UEs based on channel conditions by setting
the CellMimoParaCfg.MimoAdaptiveSwitch parameter.

Codewords

Codewords are data formed after channel coding. Different codewords represent different data. By transmitting different data, MIMO implements spatial
multiplexing.
To reduce the overhead on channel quality indicator (CQI) and ACK/NACK reporting, LTE supports a maximum of two codewords.
In transmit diversity, the number of codewords is 1. In addition, when there is only one antenna at the transmit or receive end, the number of codeword can
only be 1.
When there are two or more antennas at both transmit and receive ends, the number of codewords depends on the radio channel conditions and UE
category. Dual-codeword transmission is mainly used in scenarios with high SINR, low channel correlation, and UE category of 2 or above.
Layers

The number of codewords may be different from the number of transmit antenna ports. Therefore, codewords need to be mapped to antenna ports. This is
implemented through layer mapping and precoding. In layer mapping, the codewords are mapped to multiple layers according to certain rules. In precoding,
the layered data is precoded and mapped to different antenna ports.
In transmit diversity, the number of layers is equal to the number of antenna ports for transmitting cell-specific reference signals (CRSs).
In spatial multiplexing, the number of layers is equal to the number of scheduled data streams (that is, the rank value). Multi-layer transmission requires that
the UE be of category 2 or above. Downlink 2x2 MIMO and 4x2 MIMO support a maximum of two layers. Downlink 4x4 MIMO supports a maximum of four
layers.
Ranks

The rank of transmit diversity is 1, and the rank of spatial multiplexing is equal to the number of layers.
Downlink 2x2 MIMO and 4x2 MIMO supports rank 1 or 2, and downlink 4x4 MIMO support rank 1, 2, 3, or 4. Note that rank x indicates that the rank is equal
to x.

Precoding

Precoding performs mapping from layers to antenna ports.

For details about precoding, see section 6.3.4 "Precoding" in 3GPP TS 36.211 V10.5.0.
Antenna Port

Antenna ports mentioned in this document are logical ports used for transmission. They do not have one-to-one relationship with physical antennas. Signals
on one antenna port can be transmitted over one or more physical antennas.
Different antennas ports are used to transmit different reference signals. The following table provides an example:

Transmission Mode MIMO Technique Defined in Description

3GPP Specifications

TM1 Single antenna port (port 0) The reference signal (RS) pattern corresponding to antenna port 0 is used for transmission.

TM2 Transmit diversity Open-loop transmit diversity is used.

TM3 Transmit diversity If only one data stream is transmitted, open-loop transmit diversity is used.

Large-delay CDD spatial If multiple data streams are transmitted, open-loop spatial multiplexing is used.
multiplexing

TM4 Transmit diversity If only one data stream is transmitted without using the PMIs reported by UEs, open-loop transmit
diversity is used.
 Transmission Mode MIMO Technique Defined in Description
3GPP Specifications

Closed-loop spatial multiplexing If one or more data streams are transmitted using the PMIs reported by UEs, closed-loop spatial
multiplexing is used.

TM6 Transmit diversity If only one data stream is transmitted without using the PMIs reported by UEs, open-loop transmit
diversity is used.

Closed-loop spatial multiplexing If only one data stream is transmitted using the PMIs reported by UEs, closed-loop transmit diversity
using a single transmission layer is used.

TM9 Transmit diversity If the PMIs reported by UEs are not used for signal processing at the transmitter and only one
antenna port is used for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) in non-MBSFN subframes, antenna
port 0 is used for transmission. Otherwise, transmit diversity is used and only one data stream is
transmitted.

Spatial multiplexing If the PMIs reported by UEs are used for signal processing at the transmitter, spatial multiplexing is
used and one or more data streams are transmitted.

Precoding

Precoding is a process in which an eNodeB precodes layered data stream and maps the precoded data stream to different antenna ports.
Figure 4-5 shows the layer mapping and precoding when two antenna ports are used.
Figure 4-6 shows the layer mapping and precoding when four antenna ports are used.
Figure 4-5 Layer mapping and precoding when two antenna ports are used
Figure 4-6 Layer mapping and precoding when four antenna ports are used
Fixed Configuration of Transmission Modes

If fixed configuration of transmission modes is enabled for a cell, the eNodeB configures one transmission mode for all UEs in the cell.
Generally, fixed configuration of transmission modes is used for performance testing before multiple-antenna transmission is put into commercial use.

Adaptive Configuration of Transmission Modes

If adaptive configuration of transmission modes is enabled for a cell, the eNodeB configures different transmission modes for different UEs in the cell.
To adapt to complex and diverse radio channel conditions, it is recommended that adaptive configuration of transmission modes be enabled for multiple-
antenna transmission.
For example:
For a UE with a high SINR and low channel correlation, spatial multiplexing brings higher throughput gains than transmit diversity.
For a UE with a low SINR, spatial multiplexing brings lower throughput gains than transmit diversity.
For a stationary UE or a UE moving at low speed, closed-loop transmit diversity or spatial multiplexing brings higher performance gains than open-loop
transmit diversity or spatial multiplexing.
For a UE moving at high speed, closed-loop transmission mode may bring no or even negative performance gains and increase system feedback
overheads compared with open-loop transmission mode.

The application scenarios of the transmission modes are as follows:

TM2
UEs are moving at high speed and their SINRs are low.
TM3
UEs are moving at high speed and their SINRs are high.
TM4
UEs are stationary or moving at low speed and their SINRs are high.
TM6
UEs are stationary or moving at low speed and their SINRs are low.
 MIMO Technique Description

Open-Loop Transmit Diversity UEs with low SINRs are moving at high speed.

Open-Loop Spatial Multiplexing UEs with high SINRs are moving at high speed.

Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity UEs with low SINRs are moving at low speed.

Closed-Loop Spatial Multiplexing UEs with high SINRs are moving at low speed.

LTE CQI
The LTE CQI stands for Channel Quality Information. It basically includes CQI, PMI,RI components. The requirement for each of these components depend
on transmission mode. All transmission modes need UE to provide CQI feedback.
As mentioned in the figure, LTE CQI reports can be aperiodic or periodic.
Aperiodic reports are transmitted using PUSCH. Periodic reports are transmitted using PUCCH unless any reports coincides with the PUSCH channel
transmission.
Aperiodic CQI reporting is triggered when CQI request field is set to value 1 within PDCCH DCI-0 or Random Access Response Grant on PDSCH. In contrast to
aperiodic reporting, the 'type of reporting' is signalled i instead of 'reporting mode' . The LTE UE uses combination of 'type of reporting' and 'transmission
mode' to derive the reporting mode.

LTE PMI
LTE PMI stands for Precoding Matrix Indicators. They are applicable to closed loop transmission modes:
Transmission Mode-4:Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing
Transmission Mode-5:Multi-User MIMO
Transmission Mode-6:Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing using a single layer
The LTE UE use PMI information to signal preferred set of weights to be applied during the precoding process. UE does this in order to maximize the
downlink S/N ratio.
Table-1 mentions complex weights. Based on following configurations one out of 4 is used by LTE UE.
Antenna ports-2, RI =1 , PMI = {0,1,2,3}

Codebook Index 0 1 2 3

Weight for antenna-1 0.7071 0.7071 0.7071 0.7071

Weight for antenna-2 0.7071 -0.7071 j*0.7071 -j*0.7071

Table-1: Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing Weights(single layer & 2 Antenna Ports)

Table-2 mentions complex weights for following configurations. This configured is used by UE to select 1 of 2 sets of complex weights.

Antenna ports=2, RI=2, PMI={0,1}.

Antenna-1 Antenna-2

Codebook Index Codeword-1 Codeword-2 Codeword-1 Codeword-2

1 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.5

2 0.5 0.5 j*0.5 -j*0.5www

Table-2 Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing weights(2 layers & 2 antenna ports)

For antenna ports of 4, PMI of value {0,1,....14,15} can be used to indicate 1 of 16 sets of complex weights.
LTE PMI can be transmitted using PUSCH or PUCCH channel.
LTE RI
LTE RI stands for Rank Indicator.
RIs are applicable for open loop transmission and closed loop transmission modes. These modes use more than a single layer between layer mapping and
precoding modules.

Transmission mode-3 indicates open loop spatial multiplexing

Transmission mode-4 indicates closed loop spatial multiplexing

In LTE system, UE uses RI to inform about number of layers required during layer mapping.
LTE RI can be transmitted using PUSCH or PUCCH.
Number of layers = Number of codewords (for Antenna elements=2),
Here UE can signal RI equal to 0/1 to indicate 1 or 2 layers as preferred one

Number of layers >= Number of codewords (for Antenna elements=4),

Here UE can signal RI equal to {0,1,2 or 3} to indicate 1,2,3 or 4 layers as preferred one.

Scheduling Request
Scheduling request is a single bit flag which is used to request PUSCH resources from eNodeB.

In LTE, SR is transmitted using PUCCH channel.

HARQ ACK and NACK

HARQ stands for Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request. Uplink HARQ ACK/NACK are used to acknowledge downlink data transmitted on PDSCH. Either one or
two ACKs can be reported based on no. of codewords transmitted during corresponding PDSCH subframe.
Downlink data is received during subframe "N" is ACKed during Subframe "N+4". HARQ ACK /NACK can be transmitted using PUSCH or PUCCH.